Spire - a mechanism on a ship of the “ gate ” type with a vertical axis of rotation, serves to pull the anchor chain out of the water [1] . Also, the spire is used for mooring operations, selecting a cable, moving cargo, hauling trawls, fishing nets, etc. [1] Sometimes used as a capstan . The average spire service life is 25 years [2] .
Double spire - a spire with two drums on one balloon, located vertically. The use of a double spire allows you to save the useful area of the tank.
Squeeze the spire! - the command by which the spire drum should be disconnected from the spindle.
Spiers are distinguished by the type of drive - manual, steam, electric and hydraulic.
The greatest load on the spire occurs when the anchor is torn off the ground [3] .
Content
Types of Spiers
Single spire (Capstan) - a mechanism with its own drive, having an asterisk with a vertical axis of rotation [4] .
Coupled capstan (Coupled capstan) is a mechanism with its own drive, consisting of two single spiers having a common gearbox or independent gearboxes, kinematically connected to each other [4] .
Mooring capstan (Mooring capstan) - a mechanism with its own drive, with a horizontal ladder with a vertical axis of rotation, ensuring the selection of the mooring rope [4] .
Single anchor – mooring spire (Vertical shaft windlass) - a mechanism with its own drive, having an asterisk and a tripod, which are located on the same vertical axis [4] .
A coupled anchor – mooring capstan is a mechanism with its own drive, consisting of two single anchor – mooring spiers having a common gearbox or independent gearboxes kinematically connected to each other [4] .
One-deck spire (One-deck capstan) - anchor-mooring or mooring spire, in which all structural parts are mounted on the same deck. The drive may be located below the deck or above the deck [4] .
Double-deck spire (Double — deck capstan) - anchor – mooring or mooring spire, in which the drive is located on the deck located below the deck, where the sprocket and / or spire turret are located [4] .
Design
The spire on wooden sailing ships consisted of a wooden freely rotating vertical drum mounted on a vertical shaft, thinning to the middle of the height and horizontal levers (grooves) inserted into the holes of the upper part of the spire.
Currently, spiers are made of cast iron. Basically, they have a universal design, both for the selection of ropes, and for a chain rope with special depressions in the lower part of the drum for individual links of the chain. To draw the wire rope, the spire is made of two vertical drums rotating in opposite directions from the gear placed between them. The drums have gutters in a circle on which the rope is wrapped in the form of a figure eight.
The spire is controlled remotely from the premises from the stationary control panel in anchor and mooring modes or from the superstructure deck from the control station of the remote control in mooring mode [2] .
The main elements of the spire [5]
- Palgun - the foundation of the spire, attached to the deck and having a toothed rack around which the pallet moves when the spire rotates.
- Spire baller - forged or cast monolithic shaft designed for rotation of the spire drum.
- Steps is a nest in the deck into which a spire buller is inserted.
- Velps ( Velpsy ) - longitudinal protrusions (ribs) on the drum of the spire, preventing the sliding of the cables enclosed on the drum, when selected.
- Vymbovka - a wooden or metal lever that serves to rotate the spire manually. The vymbovka is inserted into quadrangular nests (hairpins) in the head of the spire.
- Pal - a metal finger that serves as a hinged stopper. Pal prevents the spire from spinning in the opposite direction.
- Palged is the lower part of the spire’s balloon , on which folding stoppers (bollards) are mounted.
- Turura - a drum for selecting mooring cables during mooring, mounted on the end of the spire shaft.
- Spire machines - steam, electric, mechanical or hydraulic spire drives.
Design of a modern hydraulic anchor mooring spire [6]
- Airtight housing - internally placed: planetary gear; disc brake; gear pump; a hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the turkey, the body of which is simultaneously a baller; etched chain length sensor
- hydraulic motor
- anchor sprocket with brake pulley
- turuchka
- belt brake
- hydraulic compensator
See also
- Gum-tack
- Vymbovka
- Windlass
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Spire, in shipbuilding // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 Purpose and design of the anchor-mooring spire ШГ-28 // OJSC “Proletarsky Zavod”
- ↑ Anchoring and mooring mechanisms // Smolensk spring
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Anchoring and cargo mechanisms // Equipment, technologies, materials from Asia-Pacific countries
- ↑ Thematic grouping “Spiers” // Golossari.ru
- ↑ Hydraulic anchor mooring spire ШГ-28 // Central Research Institute of Marine Engineering