Myasoedovo (Belgorod Oblast)

The village is located on the left ravine bank of the Razumnaya river. A reservoir is arranged upstream on the river, and the village of Sevryukovo, which directly borders on the southwest of Myasoedovo, is located on the river. The heights of the ravine shore on which the village stands increase to the east (the highest point - 220.1 m - is located southeast of the village). Hills to the east and south-east of Myasoedovo are overgrown with forest (the tracts Cheremoshnoe, Korenskaya Dacha, mainly oak grows). Some ravines and gullies along the river banks in the village area are named: to the north-east, near the reservoir there is the Melka beam, on the opposite side of Myasoedovo, on the right bank of the Razumnaya, the Pashenny Log beam, also on the right bank, north of the village, the Kalinin tract. To the east of the village there is a power line ^[3] .

Myasoedovo was founded, most likely, in the first half of the 18th century - in the status of a village the settlement was mentioned already in 1746. In 1761, a wooden single-throne church in honor of the Nativity of Christ was built in the village, later replaced by a stone one. In 1934 the church was closed, during the Great Patriotic War it was destroyed during the fighting.

In 1872, a zemstvo school was opened in the village, where classes were taught by one teacher and one law teacher. Since 1918, after the October Revolution , it lost the status of the Zemstvo school. In 1923 it was transformed into an incomplete secondary school. In 1931, a seven-year school began to work in Myasoedovo. In 1989, a new building was built for the school. Since 1990, the school worked as a training center. Since 2008, it has the status of the main secondary school, and is among the low-grade schools.

As of January 1, 1882, in the village of Myasoedovo there were 180 households and 1,183 people, one school, one church, and a drinking establishment. The population was engaged in agriculture, the average allotment of land was 2.2 tithing . In 1929, a collective farm was created in the village, which initially united 12 poor peasant households and had only 5 horses. In 1933, the first American Fordson tractor entered the collective farm ^[4] .

Meat-Eater Underground

Myasoedovo suffered greatly during the years of World War II. The village was occupied for the first time in the fall of 1941, during the retreat of the troops of the Soviet South-Western Front to the east after the September catastrophe near Kiev . On October 24, 1941, the 21st Army left Belgorod under the onslaught of the 29th Wehrmacht army corps . The front line stabilized for several months east of Myasoedovo.

In the occupied Myasoedovo, an underground Komsomol-youth group operated. In the Belgorod region, a partisan detachment was created under the command of A. A. Polyakov, based in the forests (today it is the area of ​​the village of Batratskaya Dacha ), and with the aim of collecting intelligence for the detachment on October 18, 1941 with the participation of the secretary of the Belgorod district committee of the Komsomol F. F. Gubarev in Myasoedovo and Sevryukovo , an underground group was created. It was headed by the secretary of the Komsomol organization of the collective farm “New Life” of the village Myasoedovo, the link Maria Kirillovna Ushakova, and the rural geography teacher Andrei Nikitich Zolotukhin. In addition to them, only Komsomol members Vasily Iosifovich Ushakov and Aleksey Andreevich Spesivtsev initially originally belonged to the underground group. Subsequently, they were able to attract a number of Komsomol members and pioneers in Myasoedovo and Sevryukovo to intelligence activities.

Komsomol members-underground workers collected information on the number of personnel and equipment in settlements, on Nazi accomplices, on the location of communication lines, supplied partisans with food, distributed leaflets and newspapers. On November 19-20, the partisans attempted to release Myasoedovo, but it was unsuccessful, and the detachment had to retreat to the Shebekinsky forests. On November 21, on suspicion of having links with partisans, 4 people were shot dead in Myasoedovo (Alexei Spesivtsev and his father, Vasily Ushakov and another unknown person).

On December 17, in Sevryukovo, local Nazi accomplices were arrested and shot in the floodplain of the Maria Ushakova River and four other collective farmers. At the end of December, Andrei Zolotukhin, a connected partisan detachment, was betrayed and shot ^[5] . In December, the pioneer Vitya Lupandin was shot. Due to the high activity of the partisans in the area on January 7, 1942, a punitive detachment arrived in the village: local residents were evicted and their houses burned ^[4] . In the same days, a member of the underground group, pioneer Vanya Shishkanov, who was leaving with his brother from Myasoedovo in the village of Borovskoye , was captured and killed by the invaders (his brother was wounded, but survived) ^[5] . In total, more than 40 people were shot in Myasoedovo, most of the buildings were destroyed ^[4] . Some members of the Komsomol underground group were able to leave for the partisans, some were in the ranks of the 21st army ^[5] . In June-July 1942, the front line began to shift from Myasoedovo further east, to the Don .

1943 fights

The village was liberated by the swift offensive of the Red Army in February 1943, during the Kharkov offensive operation . On February 7, the city of Korocha was liberated by the forces of the 40th Army , and on February 8-9, Belgorod and Shebekino . However, during the unsuccessful Kharkov defensive operation, Soviet troops could not stop the German counterattack, and on March 18 Belgorod was again occupied by the Germans.

During the Battle of Kursk, Myasoedovo, located on the southern front of the Kursk Bulge, was again at the center of hostilities. In the period from July 6 to 10, 1943, Nazi troops advancing from positions on the Seversky Donets south of Belgorod occupied the village of Belovskoye . On July 11-12, advancing further north, eventually heading towards Prokhorovka , the German units occupied the Razumnaya valley, including the Myasoedovo region. During the defensive battles at Myasoedovo, the future Hero of the Soviet Union S. A. Putilov distinguished himself as part of the 7th Guards Army .

In the second half of July 1943, a counterattack of the Soviet troops began, at the first stage dropping the German forces to the lines occupied by them before the Battle of Kursk. During the fighting on July 23-25, Myasoedovo was liberated for the second time by the forces of the 69th Army . For skillful actions during the liberation of the village of Myasoedovo and located north of the village of Melikhovo, the title Hero of the Soviet Union received Ts. S. Raskovinsky .

In total, more than 900 people died in the battles of July 1943 at Myasoedovo. From the fronts of World War II, 120 villagers did not return. After the war, a branch of the Zorya state farm was located in the village ^[4] .

As of January 1, 2014, according to some sources, 528 people lived in the village ^[4] . As of 1989, the population of Myasoedovo was approximately 310 people ^[3] .

According to the 2002 census , 96% of the village population were Russians ^[7] . According to the 2010 census , the national composition of the village was as follows:

• Russians - 430 people (92.7%);
• Ukrainians - 18 people. (3.9%);
• Avars - 6 people (1.3%);
• Tatars - 6 people. (1.3%);
• others - 4 people. (0.9%) ^[8] .

• Municipal educational institution "Myasoedovskaya basic comprehensive school".
• Myasoedovsky Rural Club.
• Myasoedovsky medical assistant-obstetric center.
• The meat-eating library ^[10] .
• Preschool institution.
• A branch of the music school of the village of Severny .
• Dairy farms of Ecofarm LLC.
• 2 private auto fleets.
• Machine and tractor station .
• Inactive cattle farm.
• 175 residential buildings ^[4] .

The village is connected with the regional center, the city of Belgorod , a suburban bus route No. 114 ( Energomash plant - Novosadovy - Nearest Igumenka - Sevryukovo - Myasoedovo ) ^[11] .

• Mass grave of 1098 Soviet soldiers of the 81st , 94th Guards divisions, 270th Infantry Division , 31st Brigade , 1849th Anti-Tank Regiment, who died in battles with the Nazi invaders in July 1943 ^[4] .
• Mass grave of activists of the Myasoedovsky Komsomol-youth underground A. N. Zolotukhin, V. I. Ushakov and A. A. Spesivtsev, who were shot by Nazi invaders in 1941, with an obelisk ^[4] . In the name of Andrei Zolotukhin, in addition, one of the streets of the village was named; Vasily Ushakov in 1943 was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II degree ^[5] .
• The library-museum "Myasoedovo underground", opened in new quality on August 5, 2014 ^[12] . The museum itself has existed since 1973 ^[4] . It presents an exposition dedicated to the heroes of the Komsomol underground in Myasoedovo: Maria Ushakova (in 1943 she was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I degree ^[5] , her name street is in Myasoedovo and Belovsky, at the site of the shooting of Maria Ushakova and Viti Lupandin in Sevryukovo there is a monument sign), Vita Lupandin (in addition to the memorial sign at the place of death, there is a street in his name in Sevryukovo), Van Shishkanov (one of the streets Myasoedovo bears his name) and others. In addition, the museum tells about the military path of the Soviet military leader M.E. Trunov ^[12] (one of the village streets was named after him), contains materials from the 270th rifle division and the 1849th fighter-anti-tank regiment, materials that fought in these places of Marx Ivanovich Alferov, the elder brother of the Nobel Prize winner in physics Zhores Alferov ^[4] .