Peter I Chuck ( Hungarian I. Csák Péter , Slovak. Péter I Čák ; formerly 1240–1283 / 1284) - Hungarian tycoon , fighter for the national unity of the country. The son of Mate I Chuck from the Trencin branch of the noble family Chuck . Father of Mate III Chuck (III. Csák Máté), better known as Matush Chuck .
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Biography
Peter came from an ancient and glorious noble family of Chuck . He was the fourth son of Mate I Chuck. As stated in the medieval annals of “ Acts of the Huns and Hungarians ” (“ Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum ”) by Shimon from Keza , the ancestor of Chakov was Szabolcs , the son of Elod (Előd) - the leader of one of the seven Magyar tribes who came to the Danube in the 9th century . Apparently, the Chuck family was related to the Arpad dynasty (Árpád). The hereditary possessions of the Chaks, gradually growing, were grouped around the Verteš hills (Vértes) and the Chakwar castle [1] . The genus is named after Chuck, who built the Chakwar castle. This is the grandson of Sabolch.
Severe and disturbing was the childhood of Peter I Chuck. Hungary has undergone terrible trials. In 1241, the Western campaign of the Mongols began , under the leadership of Khan Batu and commander Subedei . Following Great Hungary in the Urals , the Danube Hungary was one of the most important goals of the Genghisides. In the battle with the Mongols, Ugrin I Chuck , archbishop of Kalochsky , descended from the Uylak branch of the Chak clan, piled his head. On April 11, 1241, King Bela IV and the Hungarian troops suffered a crushing defeat in the battle of the Mohi Valley . The king fled to the duchy of Austria . Batu and Subaedey tried to establish new Mongolian orders in Hungary until they were informed at the end of 1242 that the great Ugedei Khan, the kagan of the Mongol Empire, had died in the past, 1241. And his widow Turakina-khatun became regent, until the election of a new great kagan in Kurultai . In this connection, Batu considered it necessary to hurry to Karakorum on Kurultay. He called for an end to the invasion, the Mongolian troops were withdrawn from most of Europe and, thus, left the incinerated Hungary [2] . After the sudden departure of the Mongols, Bela IV returned to Hungary. Having established itself south of the devastated Buda [3] , Bela immediately began to rebuild his country, including the massive construction of a castle system - as a defense against the threat of a repeated invasion of the Mongols ...
In 1249, Mate I Chuck passed away. His third son, Mate II Chuck, was the Palatine of Hungary, the governor of Transylvania and the ban of Slavonia [4] . Ugrin II (son of Ugrin I) was in 1244–1248. Archbishop of Split (Dalmatia). When Istvan V became king of Hungary in 1270, Peter I Chuck was appointed keeper of the royal regalia and jupan of the Gaska region (Gacka, Gecske) in Croatia. However, after the sudden death of Istvan V in August 1272, Peter was removed from the post of guardian of regalia, in his place the regent queen appointed Reynold Básztély.
Like many of the “old Hungarians,” the Chucks reacted negatively to strangers and aliens: including the German “Swabians” and the Cuman Cumans. In particular, to the regent Queen Elizabeth Kumanska (Kun Erzsébetet [5] ) and her lover Joachim Gutkeled , who came from a noble Swabian clan. In 1273, Peter I Chuck (Magister Pertrus de genere Chak) inflicted a brutal defeat on the Cumans under the walls of the Transylvanian castle Deva [6] .
However, already the following year, in 1274, a sharp turn took place in the fate of Peter Chuck (and the whole Hungarian kingdom). The Dowager Queen broke with Joachim - and the latter, without thinking twice, captured the young King Laszlo IV . And then it was Peter Chuck, risking his life, freed the king with an armed hand! After that, the alignment of forces in Hungary changed: now Chucks fought with the Cuman for the queen, against the Gutkeleds and Kosegi [7] . In the same year 1274, instead of Mate II Chuck, the Slavonic ban was Henrik Giesingovac (Kёсsegi), nicknamed the Great (Kőszegi Nagy Henriket, Nagy Henrik). Soon, Peter Chuck inflicted a crushing defeat on the combined army of Gutkeledov and Gisingovtsev. In 1275-1276 years. the surviving Giesingovtsy considered it best to make peace with the queen and her new victorious favorite. But Joachim Gutkeled managed to implore an amnesty from Elizabeth ...
Notes
- ↑ Csákvár - “Castle of the Chaks”.
- ↑ See the novel by Vasily Yan, “Towards the Last Sea”.
- ↑ See Obuda (Budapest) .
- ↑ Mate II and Peter Chucky passed away in about one year - the 1284th. It is even possible that Peter died a year earlier than his older brother. However, Peter I Chuck overshadowed the fame and valor of Mate II.
- ↑ Daughters of the Polovtsian Khan Kotyan .
- ↑ One of the later Latin letters of King Laszlo IV (son of Elizabeth) mentions: ... sub castro Dewa contra Cumanorum exercitur viriliter dimicavit .
- ↑ Another noble family of Swabian root.
Literature
- Bertényi I., Diószegi I., Horváth J., Kalmár J., Szabó P. Királyok Könyve. Magyarország és Erdély királyai, királynői, fejedelmei és kormányzói. - Budapest, 2004.
- Györffy György István király és műve. - Budapest, 1983.
- Hóman B., Szekfű G. Magyar Történet. - Budapest, 1935.
- Kristó Gyula Családja eredete, Csák Máté. - Gondolat Budapest 1983.
- Kristó Gyula Csák Máté. - Budapest, 1986.
- Pór Antal Trencsényi Csák Máté. - Budapest, 1888.