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Rowling, Joan

Joanne Rowling ( born July 31, 1965 [7] ), known under the pseudonyms J.K. Rowling [8] and Robert Galbraith , is a British writer , screenwriter and film producer , most known as the author of a series of novels about Harry Potter . The Harry Potter books received several awards and were sold in quantities of more than 500 million copies. [9] They became the best-selling series of books in history [10] and the basis for a series of films that became the third highest grossing series of films in history [11] . Joan Rowling herself approved the scripts of the films [12] , and also became part of the producers of the last two parts [13] .

Joanne Rowling
Joanne rowing
J. K. Rowling 2010.jpg
Joan Rowling on an egg skating on the front lawn of the White House in 2010
Birth name
AliasesJ.K. Rowling,
Newt Salamander,
Kennilworthy Whisp,
Robert Galbraith
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Citizenship (citizenship)
Occupation, , , , , , ,
Years of creativity1997 - n. at.
Genre, and
Language of Works
DebutHarry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
AwardsHugo Award (2001)
Prize of the Prince of Asturias (2003) [4]
Awards
British Empire OfficerUnited-kingdom582.gif
Knight of the Legion of Honor
Order of Smiles
Autograph

Rowling worked as a research assistant and secretary-translator of Amnesty International when, during a train trip from Manchester to London in 1990, she got the idea of ​​a Harry Potter novel [14] . In the next seven years, Rowling's mother died, she divorced her first husband and lived in poverty until she published her first novel in the series, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (1997). Subsequently, she wrote 7 sequels - the last was “ Harry Potter and the Cursed Child ” (2016), as well as 3 additions to this series. After that, Rowling broke up with her agency and began to write for adult readers, releasing the tragicomedy Random Vacancy (2012) and, under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith, the crime novels Call of the Cuckoos (2013), Silkworm (2014), “ In the service of evil ” (2015),“ Deadly whiteness ”(2018).

In five years, Rowling has gone from living on social benefits to multi-millionaire status. She is the best-selling author in the UK, with sales of over £ 238 million [15] . In 2008, the Sunday Times Rich List ranked Rowling at 560 million pounds, placing her in 12th place on the list of the richest women in the UK [16] . Forbes in 2007 rated Rowling as the 48th most influential celebrity [17] , and Time magazine in 2007 gave her second place in the Man of the City nomination, noting the social, moral and political inspiration she gave her fans [18] . In October 2010, Rowling was named by the editors of leading magazines "the most influential woman in Britain" [19] . She has become a prominent philanthropist, supporting organizations such as Laughter Discharge , Gingerbread , Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain, and Lumos (formerly Children's High Level Group ).

Name

Although the writer's books are published under the pseudonym “J. C. Rowling ” [20] , when the first Harry Potter book was published, her name was simply“ Joan Rowling ”. Anticipating that the target audience of the boys might not want to read a book written by a woman, her publishers suggested she use two initials rather than her full name. Since she did not have a middle name, for the pseudonym she chose the second initial K - by the name of her paternal grandmother [21] . She calls herself “Jo” ( Eng. ) And says: “No one ever called me“ Joan ”in his youth, unless they were angry with me” [22] . After the wedding, she sometimes used the name Joanne Murray in private affairs [23] [24] . In a News International investigation, she gave evidence under the name Joanne Kathleen Rowling [25] .

Biography

Birth and Family

Rowling was born into the family of Peter James Rowling, an engineer at Rolls-Royce [26] , and Anne Rowling (née Volan) on July 31, 1965 in Yate in Gloucestershire, England, 16 kilometers northeast of Bristol [27] . Her mother Anne was half French, half Scottish. Rowling's parents met in 1964 at London's Kings Cross Station on a train bound for Arbroath [28] . They married on March 14, 1965. [28]

Joan's great-grandfather - Dugald Campbell (her mother’s maternal grandfather) was born in the village of Lamlash on the island of Arran [29] . Louis Volan, her great-grandfather, also her mother’s grandfather, but on her paternal side, was awarded the Military Cross for her extraordinary courage in defending the village of during the First World War [30] .

Childhood and study

Rowling's sister, Dianne [14] , was born in their house when Joan was 23 months old [27] . When Joan was four years old, the family moved to the neighboring village of Winterburn [31] . Rowling studied at St. Michael's Elementary School, founded by abolitionist William Wilberforce and education reformer Hannah More [32] [33] . It has been suggested that the school principal, Alfred Dunn, became the prototype of the school principal, Harry Potter, Albus Dumbledore [34] .

 
Church Cottage in Tatschill Village

As a child, Rowling often wrote science fiction stories, which she usually read to her sister. She recalled: “I still remember how I told her a story in which she fell into a rabbit hole, and a family of rabbits fed her strawberries. Absolutely, the first story I wrote (when I was five or six years old) was about a rabbit named Rabbit. He got measles, and his friends came to him, including a giant bee named “Miss Bee” ” [20] . At nine years old, Rowling moved to Church Cottage in the village of Tatschill (Gloucestershire), near the city of Chepstow (Wales) [27] . When she was a teenager, her cousin (about whom Rowling said: “She taught me classical philology and instilled a thirst for knowledge, even of a dubious kind”) gave her a very old edition of Jessica Mitford's autobiography [35] . Mitford became a heroine for Rowling, and she read all of her books [36] .

Rowling said in an interview with The New Yorker about her teenage years: “I was not particularly happy. I think this is a terrible time of life ” [26] . She had a difficult home life; her mother was sick, and Rowling had a difficult relationship with her father (she no longer talks to him) [26] . Rowling attended Waidin High School, where her mother worked in the science department [37] . As Rowling said: “ Hermione [a Harry Potter character with a know-it-all character] is basically based on me. She is a caricature of me eleven years old, which I am not particularly proud of ” [38] . Steve Eddy, who taught English at Rowling, recalled her as “not exceptional”, but “one of a group of girls who were vibrant and pretty good in English” [26] . Sean Harris, Rowling's best friend in the sixth grade (Upper Sixth), had a turquoise Ford Anglia , which she said inspired this car in her books. “Ron Weasley [Harry Potter's best friend] is not a living portrait of Sean, but he really looks like him.” [39] Regarding her musical tastes of the time, she said: “ The Smiths was my favorite band in the world . And when I went through the punk phase, it was The Clash ” [40] . Rowling was a headman at school [26] . Before entering the university, she studied English, French and German [41] , having passed exams for two excellent marks and one good [28] .

In 1982, Rowling did not pass the entrance exams at Oxford University [26] and entered the University of Exeter , where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in French and Classical Philology [42] . Martin Sorrell, then a French professor at the university, recalled her as “a quiet competent student in a denim jacket and dark hair who, from an academic point of view, looked like she was doing what was needed” [26] . According to her, she “did not do any work at all,” but instead “let her eyes down a lot, listened to The Smiths and read Dickens and Tolkien ” [26] . After a year of study in Paris, Rowling graduated from Exeter in 1986. [26] She listens to pop music and is passionate about singer Siouxsie , whose eyes she took for several years. [43] and moved to London, starting to work as a secretary in the research department of Amnesty International [44] .

Mother Inspiration and Death

 
Rowling was riding the train to Kings Cross when she got the idea of ​​Harry Potter. The station became a popular destination among tourists after Rowling used the station as a gateway to the magical world.

Leaving work at Amnesty International in London, Rowling and her young man decided to move to Manchester [27] . In 1990, when she was traveling by train from Manchester to London, which was detained for four hours, the idea of ​​a novel about a boy attending a school of magic "came to her mind" [45] . She said in an interview with The Boston Globe : “I really don’t know where this idea came from. It started with Harry, after which all these characters and situations surged into my head ” [27] [45] .

Rowling described the emergence of the concept of Harry Potter on his website [46] :

I was returning to London alone in a crowded train, and the idea of ​​Harry Potter just crossed my mind. I wrote almost continuously from the age of six, but never before had I been so excited about the idea. To my great disappointment, I did not have a pen and I was too shy to ask someone to lend ... I did not have a pen with me, but I think that was probably good. I just sat and thought for four hours (train delays), while all the details bubbled in my brain, and this skinny black-haired boy in glasses who did not know that he was a wizard became more and more real for me. Maybe if I slowed down the train of thoughts in order to fix them on paper, I would suppress some of them (although sometimes I wonder how much of what I imagined then I forgot by the time I ended up with a pen). I started writing The Philosopher's Stone that very evening, although those first few pages have nothing to do with the finished book.

When she got home, she immediately began to write [27] [47] . In December of that year, after ten years of multiple sclerosis , Rowling's mother died [27] . Joan recalled: “I wrote to Harry Potter when my mother died. I never told her about Harry Potter. ” [24] According to Rowling, this death greatly influenced her romance [24] and she described in more detail the loss of Harry's parents in the first book because she knew this feeling [48] .

In June 2017, it became known that Rowling began work on a new novel - a fairy tale with political motives. On a holiday in honor of her 50th birthday, Rowling put on a dress on which she wrote part of a new work [49] . Nothing is known about the publication of the book.

Marriage and Divorce

After seeing the announcement in The Guardian [28] , Rowling moved to Porto (Portugal) to teach English there [14] [36] . She taught in the evenings, and in the afternoon she wrote, listening to Tchaikovsky’s violin concerto [26] . In Portugal, Rowling met in a bar with TV reporter Jorge Arantes ( port. Jorge Arantes ) [28] . They married on October 16, 1992, and they had a baby on July 27, 1993, Jessica Isabelle Rowling Arantish (in honor of Jessica Mitford ) [28] . Rowling previously had a miscarriage [28] . The couple broke up on November 17, 1993 [28] [50] , 13 months and one day after the wedding [28] . Rowling's biographers suggested that, while married, she suffered from domestic violence , but this is not fully known [28] [51] . In an interview with The Daily Express, Arantish said that after their last night together, he kicked her out of the house at five in the morning and hit hard [26] . In December 1993, Rowling moved with her daughter and three heads of Harry Potter to Edinburgh (Scotland) in a suitcase to be with her sister [26] [27] .

Seven years after graduation, Rowling considered herself “the biggest loser she knew” [52] . Her marriage broke up, she was without work and with a child in her arms. However, she later described her failure as liberation:

Failure meant getting rid of all non-essentials. I stopped pretending to myself that I was some other than in reality, and began to direct all my energy towards completing the only work that meant something to me. If I really succeeded in anything else, I would never be able to find the determination to succeed in what was truly mine. I freed myself because my greatest fear came true and I was still alive, I still had a daughter whom I adored, I had an old typewriter and a big idea. And so the stone bottom became a solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life.
- J.K. Rowling, “The fringe benefits of failure”, 2008 [52] .

 
Memorial Plaque at Nicolson’s Cafe on Nicholson Street in Edinburgh

During this period, Rowling fell ill with clinical depression, she had thoughts of suicide [53] . It was this condition of her that led to the appearance in her third book of dementors - creatures that suck out the soul [54] . Rowling began to receive social benefits. According to her, she was “as poor as possible in modern Britain, without being homeless” [26] [52] .

Rowling was “desperate” after her husband arrived in search of her and his daughter [28] . She received a warrant of defense, and Arantes returned to Portugal, while Rowling filed for divorce in August 1994. [28] After completing her first novel in August 1995, she entered the pedagogical school of the University of Edinburgh [55] , living at that time on an allowance [56] . She wrote in numerous cafes, especially in Nicolson’s [57] and The Elephant House [58] (the latter previously belonged to her son-in-law Roger Moore [59] ). In a 2001 interview with BBC, Rowling denied rumors that she wrote in local cafes because there was no heating in her apartment, noting: “I'm not so stupid to rent an unheated apartment in Edinburgh in mid-winter” . As she stated in the American television program A&E Biography , one of the reasons she wrote in a cafe was because her daughter fell asleep best on a walk [60] .

Harry Potter

 
The Elephant House - Edinburgh cafe where Rowling wrote her first Harry Potter novel

In 1995, Rowling completed her manuscript of the novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone , which she typed on an old typewriter [61] . Following an enthusiastic response from Bryony Evens, a reader who was asked to rate the first three chapters of the book, the Fulham-based firm of literary agents Christopher Little Literary Agents agreed to represent Rowling during the search for the publisher. The book was sent to twelve publishing houses, but they all rejected the manuscript [28] . A year later, she finally got the green light (and £ 1,500 in advance) from editor Barry Cunningham of Bloomsbury, London [28] [62] . The decision to publish Rowling's book apparently owes much to Alice Newton, the eight-year-old daughter of the Bloomsbury chairman, whom her father gave to read the first chapter and which immediately demanded a continuation [63] . Cunningham said that although Bloomsbury agreed to publish the book, he advised Rowling to find a day job, as she had little chance of making money on children's books [64] . Shortly afterwards, in 1997, Rowling received a £ 8,000 grant from the Scottish Arts Council to continue writing. [65]

In June 1997, Bloomsbury published The Philosopher's Stone, with an initial print run of 1,000 copies, 500 of which were distributed to libraries. Today, these first copies cost from 16 to 25 thousand pounds [66] . Пять месяцев спустя книга получила свою первую награду — Nestlé Smarties Book Prize . В феврале роман получил премию British Book Award как детская книга года, а позже — премию Children's Book Award . В начале 1998 года в США был проведён аукцион за право на публикацию романа, который выиграло издательство Scholastic Inc. за 105 тысяч долларов. По словам Роулинг, она «чуть не умерла», когда узнала об этом [67] . В октябре 1998 года Scholastic опубликовал в США «Философский камень» под названием «Гарри Поттер и волшебный камень», посчитав, что дети не захотят читать книгу со словом «философский» в названии [68] . Позже Роулинг утверждала, что сожалеет об изменении названия и не согласилась бы на него, если бы была тогда в лучшем положении [69] . Получив деньги от Scholastic , Роулинг переехала из своей квартиры в дом по адресу 19 Hazelbank Terrace в Эдинбурге [59] .

Продолжение первого романа, « Гарри Поттер и Тайная комната », было опубликовано в июле 1998 года. За него Роулинг снова получила премию Smarties [70] . В декабре 1999 года вышел третий роман, « Гарри Поттер и узник Азкабана », который тоже выиграл в премии Smarties , после чего Роулинг стала первым человеком, который получил эту награду три раза подряд [71] . Позже она отозвала с конкурса четвёртый роман о Гарри Поттере, чтобы дать шанс другим книгам. В январе 2000 года «Узник Азкабана» выиграл премию Whitbread Awards как «детская книга года», хотя и проиграл в номинации «книга года» переводу « Беовульфа » Шеймуса Хини [72] .

Четвёртая книга, « Гарри Поттер и Кубок огня », была выпущена одновременно в Великобритании и США 8 июля 2000 года и побила рекорды продаж в обеих странах. 372 775 экземпляров книги было продано в Великобритании в первый же день — почти столько же экземпляров предыдущего романа было продано в течение первого года [73] . В США было продано три миллиона экземпляров книги в первые 48 часов, что побило все рекорды продаж [73] . Роулинг призналась, что у неё был момент кризиса во время написания романа: «На полпути написания четвёртой книги я обнаружила в сюжете серьёзную ошибку… С этой книгой связаны некоторые из моих самых чёрных моментов… Одну главу я переписала 13 раз, хотя никто, кто прочитал её, не сможет заметить, какую именно, или понять, какую боль она мне доставила» [74] . Роулинг получила премию British Book Awards как автор года [75] .

Между выпуском «Кубка огня» и пятого романа, « Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса », прошло три года. Во время этого перерыва в прессе публиковались слухи, что у Роулинг начался творческий кризис, что она горячо отрицала [76] . Позже Роулинг признавалась, что написание этой книги потребовало от неё больших усилий [77] .

The sixth book, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince , was released July 16, 2005. She also broke all sales records, diverging in the amount of nine million copies in the first 24 hours [78] . Before the release of the book, in response to a letter from one of the fans, Rowling wrote: “The sixth book was planned for many years, but before I began to seriously write, I reviewed the plan for two months to be absolutely sure of what I was doing” [ 79] . She noted on her website that the first chapter of the sixth book, which describes the conversation between the Minister of Magic and the British Prime Minister , was first conceived as the first chapter of the Philosopher's Stone, then the Chamber of Secrets, then the Prisoner of Azkaban [80] . In 2006, the Half-Blood Prince received the British Book Awards in the Book of the Year nomination [70] .

At the end of December 2006, the title of the seventh and final Harry Potter book was announced - “ Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows ” [81] . In February 2007, it became known that Rowling wrote on a bust in her hotel room at The Balmoral in Edinburgh that she finished the seventh book in this room on January 11, 2007. [82] The novel “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows” was released on July 21, 2007 [83] and broke the record of his predecessor as the fastest-selling book of all time [84] . On the first day, 11 million copies were sold in the UK and the USA [84] . Rowling wrote the last chapter of the book “sometime in 1990.” [85]

When she was still working on her last book, she starred in the documentary JK Rowling ... A Year In The Life , which was shown in the UK on ITV on December 30, 2007. In it, Rowling visited her old apartment in Edinburgh, where she completed her first Harry Potter book [86] . When she first returned to this apartment, she was moved to tears, saying: “It was here that I really completely turned my life around” [86] .

In an interview with Oprah, Winfrey Rowling paid tribute to her mother for the success of a series of books, saying: “The books are exactly what they are because she died ... because I loved her and she died” [87] . Harry Potter is currently a global brand valued at $ 15 billion [88] . The last four Harry Potter books have consistently set records as the best-selling books in history [84] [89] . A series of books with a total volume of 4195 pages [90] was translated, in whole or in part, into 65 languages [91] . It was also recognized that Harry Potter books had aroused interest in reading among young people at a time when children were thought to have abandoned books in favor of computers and television [92] .

 
Harry Potter Book Queue

In June 2011, Rowling announced that all materials related to Harry Potter would be collected in the new Pottermore web project [93] . The project website contains 18 thousand words of additional information about the characters, places and objects of the Harry Potter universe [94] . In April 2012, after the launch of the site, Rowling confirmed that she had begun work on an encyclopedia about the Harry Potter universe and would donate all fees to charity [95] . Later, she noted that she likes to share new Potter information on Pottermore for free, and she does not plan to publish it as a book [95] . In 2014, Rowling published several fragments of the upcoming Quidditch World Cup History on the site. The first was released in March [96] , the second in July [97] .

In 2016, 9 years after the publication of the seventh book, the series received an unexpected continuation in the form of a two-part play “ Harry Potter and the Cursed Child ”, which begins immediately after the epilogue “Deathly Hallows”. The play was staged on the West End and was written by playwright Jack Thorne , but with the creative participation of Rowling. In parallel with the premiere, a book with a script appeared in bookstores [98] , which was officially recognized as the eighth part of the series. The play received very positive reviews from fans and critics and subsequently received a record 9 Lawrence Olivier awards (with also a record 11 nominations), including for the best new play and for the best actor.

Harry Potter Movies

In October 1998, Warner Bros. acquired the rights to film adaptation of the first two novels for a seven-figure sum [99] . A screen version of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone was released on November 16, 2001, and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was released on November 15, 2002 [100] . Both films were directed by Chris Columbus . On June 4, 2004, the film " Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban " was directed by Alfonso Cuaron . The fourth film, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , was shot by Mike Newell and released on November 18, 2005. The movie Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix was released on July 11, 2007 [100] . The director was David Yates , and the script was written by Michael Goldenberg, who replaced Steve Clove . Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was released on July 15, 2009. [101] The director was again David Yates, and the Cloves returned to the post of screenwriter [102] . In March 2008, Warner Bros. announced that the final part of the series, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," will be filmed in two parts. The first part was released in November 2010, and the second in July 2011. Both parts were shot by Yates [103] [104] .

Warner bros largely took into account the wishes and ideas of Rowling. One of its main conditions was that films should be shot in Britain and with British actors [105] . Taking an unprecedented step, Rowling also stipulated that Coca-Cola , who won the competition for the sponsorship of a series of films, donate $ 18 million to the American charity Reading is Fundamental and a number of other programs [106] .

The scripts for the first four, sixth, and seventh films were written by Steve Cloves; Rowling worked with him, making sure that his scripts did not contradict the future books of the series. She said that she told him about her next books more than anyone else (before their release), but not all [107] . She also told Alan Rickman ( Severus Snape ) and Robbie Coltrane ( Hagrid ) some secrets about their characters before they were revealed in books [108] . Daniel Radcliffe ( Harry Potter ) asked her if his character would die at some point; Rowling said that he would have a death scene, thereby clearly not answering the question [109] . The director of the first film could be Steven Spielberg ; The press has repeatedly stated that Rowling played a role in the fact that this did not happen, but Rowling replied that she did not have voting rights in the choice of director and she would not have vetoed Spielberg if she had to decide. [110] . Rowling's first directing choice was Monty Python member Terry Gilliam , as she is a fan of his work, but Warner Bros. wanted a more family film and chose Columbus. [111]

Rowling also gained creative control over the films, she checked all the scripts [112] and acted as one of the producers of the last two parts [113] . Together with producers David Hayman and David Barron , directors David Yates, Mike Newell and Alfonso Cuaron in 2011, Rowling received the British Academy Film Awards in the category “Outstanding British Contribution to Motion Picture Arts” for a series of films about Harry Potter [114] .

In September 2013, Warner Bros. announced the expansion of creative cooperation with Rowling and the beginning of work on a series of films about Newt Scamander, the fictional author of the book Fantastic Beasts and Their Habitats . The script of the first film will be written by Rowling herself and the action will take place approximately 70 years before the events of the main series [115] .

In March 2016, Joan Rowling announced on her Twitter account that her novel “Fantastic Beasts and Their Habitats” would be filmed in three parts. It was announced that the first film of the trilogy will be released in large screens in November 2016 [116] . The film was released under the title “Fantastic Beasts and Where They Live”, the film premiered in the United States on November 10, 2016, and in Russia on November 17 [117] [118] .

In addition, Rowling noted that the eighth of Harry Potter will not be filmed. “The Cursed Child is a performance, and you can't see it in the movies,” said the writer.

Success

In 2004, Forbes named Rowling the first person to become a dollar billionaire by writing books [119] , as well as the second richest woman in the entertainment industry and the 1062th in the list of the richest people in the world [120] . Rowling denied the magazine’s calculations, saying that she has a lot of money, but she’s not a billionaire [121] . In 2008, the Sunday Times Rich List named Rowling 144th in the list of the richest people in the UK [16] . In 2012, Forbes did not include Rowling in its ranking of the richest people, stating that it had lost its status as a billionaire due to charitable donations of more than $ 160 million and high tax rates in the UK [122] . In February 2013, in the Woman's Hour program on BBC Radio 4, Rowling was named the 13th most influential woman in the country [123] .

In 2001, Rowling acquired a 19th-century manor house, Killiechassie House, on the banks of the Tay River in the Perth and Kinross area of Scotland. [124] Rowling also owns a Georgian house in Kensington in West London [125] , worth £ 4.5 million and located on a 24-hour security street [126] .

In 2017, Rowling topped the Forbes ranking of European celebrities with the highest earnings for the past year. Her earnings amounted to 95 million dollars. [127]

Second marriage and family

On December 26, 2001, Rowling married anesthetist Neil Michael Murray (born June 30, 1971). A private ceremony was held at Killiechassie House [128] in Scotland. This was the second marriage for both Rowling and Murray. March 24, 2003 they had a son, David Gordon Rowling Murray [129] . Shortly after Rowling started writing Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince , she took a break to deal with her child [130] . Rowling's youngest daughter, Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray, whom she dedicated to The Half-Blood Prince, was born on January 23, 2005 [131] . The family lives in Edinburgh [132] along with writers Ian Rankin , Alexander McCall Smith and Kate Atkinson [133] .

"Random Vacancy"

In July 2011, Rowling broke up with her literary agent Christopher Little and moved to a new agency founded by one of his employees, Neil Blair [134] , noting that this was a difficult decision [26] . On February 23, 2012, the new Rowling agency, Blair Partnership, announced on its website that Rowling was about to publish a new adult-oriented book. In a press release, Rowling noted the differences between her new project and the Potter series, saying: "Although writing a series about Harry Potter gave me the same pleasure, my next novel will be very different from her." On April 12, 2012, Little, Brown and Company announced that the book would be called “ A Random Vacancy ” and would be released on September 27, 2012. [135] Rowling gave several interviews and speeches in support of the book, including appearing at the London Southbank Center [136] , the Cheltenham Literature Festival [137] , the Charlie Rose show [138], and the Lennoxlove Book Festival [139] . In the first three weeks after the release of “Random Vacancy” was sold in the amount of more than a million copies worldwide [140] .

On December 3, 2012, it was announced that the BBC was filming Random Occupation in the form of a series for BBC One . The producer will be Agent Rowling, Neil Blair, and Rick Senate will be executive producer. Rowling is also actively involved in the adaptation process [141] [142] .

Cormoran Strike

For a number of years, Rowling often talked about writing a crime novel. At a book festival in Edinburgh in 2007, author Ian Rankin stated that his wife noticed how Rowling “scribbles” a detective in a cafe [143] . Rankin later said that it was a joke [144] , but the rumor continued, and in 2012, The Guardian suggested that Rowling's next book would be a crime novel [145] . In an interview with Stephen Fry in 2005, Rowling said that she would like to write subsequent books under a pseudonym, but back in 2003 she acknowledged that the press “would know about it in a matter of seconds” [146] . In a 2012 interview with The New Yorker , Rowling stated that she was working on a new adult novel and that although she wrote only “a couple of chapters,” the plot is “pretty well built.” [26]

In April 2013, Little Brown published Call of the Cuckoo , the debut novel by author Robert Galbraith, whom the publisher described as “a former civilian military police investigator who went to work in the field of civil security in 2003” [147] . A detective novel in which private investigator Cormoran Strike unravels the alleged suicide of a supermodel was sold in the amount of 1,500 hardcover copies and received positive reviews from other authors of detective stories [147] and critics [148] . Publisher's Weekly called the book "Star Debut" [149] , and the Library Journal - "The Debut of the Month" [150] .

India Knight, writer and columnist for The Sunday Times , wrote on Twitter July 9 that she read Cuckoo's Call and thought the novel was too good to be debut. She received a response from a certain Jude Kallegari, who wrote that the author is Rowling [151] . Knight reported this to Sunday Times editor Richard Brooks, who began his own investigation [151] [152] . Finding that Rowling and Galbraith had the same agent and editor, he sent books for linguistic analysis, which found similarities. Brooks then contacted Rowling's agent, who confirmed that Galbraith is a pseudonym for Rowling [152] . A few days later, book sales rose 4,000 percent [151] , and Little Brown printed an additional 140,000 new copies to meet growing demand [153] .

Rowling stated that she was pleased to be able to publish the book without having to live up to readers' expectations and receive objective reviews [154] , and also confirmed that she intended to continue to write the series and would do so under a pseudonym [155] .

Soon after the disclosure, Brooks made the assumption that Rowling herself was hiding under the name Jude Kallegari and the whole story was a publicity stunt. Some also noted that writers who praised the book after release, such as Alex Bray or Val McDermid , belong to Rowling's circle of acquaintances; both however stated that they did not know about Rowling's authorship [151] . Later it was revealed that Jude Kallegari is the best friend of the wife of Chris Gossage, a partner at the Russells Solicitors law firm , whose services Rowling used [156] [157] . Rowling issued a statement: “Saying that I am disappointed would be an understatement. I assumed that I could expect complete confidentiality from Russells, a reputable professional company, and I am very unhappy that my trust was unfounded ” [156] ; Russells apologized for the leak, confirming that it was not a publicity stunt [153] . Rowling accepted a donation from Russells, which included reimbursement of her legal costs and a transfer to the account of the Soldiers' Charity fund [158] . In November 2013, the Lawyers Regulatory Authority reprimanded the State Majesty and imposed a fine of £ 1,000 for violating privacy rules [159] .

After the authorship of “Call of the Cuckoo” became public, Rowling wrote on her website: “I just finished the sequel, and we expect it to be published next year” [160] . The second novel about Cormoran Strike, entitled The Silkworm , was released in June 2014, in which Strike investigates the disappearance of a writer hated by many of his old friends for insulting them in his new novel [161] .

On October 22, 2015, the third book was released, entitled “ In the Service of Evil ” [162] .

In 2016, it was announced that the first three books would be filmed in the form of the television series Strike , which premiered on August 27, 2017. The role of Strike was played by actor Tom Burke [163] , and his partner Robin Ellacott - Holliday Granger . Screening of subsequent books will also be carried out.

In March 2017, Rowling announced that she was working on a fourth book called Deadly Whiteness [164] . The novel was released on September 18, 2018 and again became a bestseller.

Charity

В 2000 году Роулинг создала благотворительный фонд Volant Charitable Trust , который ставит целью борьбу с бедностью и социальным неравенством. Фонд финансирует организации, которые помогают детям, неполным семьям, а также занимаются исследованиями рассеянного склероза [165] . Роулинг говорила: «Я думаю, что вы несёте моральную ответственность, когда вы получаете гораздо больше, чем вам нужно» [166] .

Благополучие детей и борьба с бедностью

Роулинг, которая сама была матерью-одиночкой, возглавляет благотворительный фонд Gingerbread (ранее известный как One Parent Families), до этого будучи первым послом организации с 2000 года [167] [168] . В сотрудничестве с Сарой Браун Роулинг написала книгу детских рассказов, чтобы собрать средства для One Parent Families [169] .

В 2001 году британская организация по борьбе с бедностью « Разрядка смехом » попросила трёх самых продаваемых британских писателей — автора кулинарных книг и телеведущую Делию Смит , создателя «Бриджет Джонс» Хелен Филдинг и Роулинг — написать небольшие произведения, связанные с самыми известными их книгами [170] . Роулинг написала две работы: « Фантастические звери и места их обитания » и « Квиддич с древности до наших дней », которые представляют собой якобы факсимиле книг из библиотеки Хогвартса . После поступления в продажу в марте 2001 года книги принесли фонду 15,7 млн фунтов стерлингов. 10,8 млн фунтов из них, которые они собрали за пределами Великобритании, были направлены на создание фонда International Fund for Children and Young People in Crisis [171] . В 2002 году Роулинг написала предисловие к антологии фантастики Magic , опубликованной Bloomsbury Publishing для сбора денег для Национального совета по семьям с одним родителем [172] .

В 2005 году Роулинг и депутат Европарламента Эмма Николсон основали Children's High Level Group (в настоящее время — Lumos [173] ). В январе 2006 года Роулинг отправилась в Бухарест , чтобы привлечь внимание к использованию кроватей-клеток в психиатрических учреждениях для детей [174] . В целях дальнейшей поддержки CHLG Роулинг в декабре 2007 года продала с аукциона один из семи рукописных и иллюстрированных экземпляров « Сказок барда Бидля » — серии сказок, упомянутых в «Гарри Поттере и Дарах Смерти». Книга была приобретена за 1,95 млн фунтов стерлингов онлайн-ретейлером Amazon.com, став самой дорогой современной книгой, когда-либо проданной на аукционе [175] . Роулинг раздала оставшиеся шесть экземпляров тем, кто был тесно связан с серией книг о Гарри Поттере [175] . В 2008 году Роулинг согласилась издать книгу, чтобы направить вырученные средства на Lumos [132] . В ноябре 2013 года Роулинг передала организации все доходы от продаж «Сказок барда Бидля», составившие около 19 миллионов фунтов стерлингов [176] .

В июле 2012 года Роулинг приняла участие в церемонии открытия летних Олимпийских игр в Лондоне, где она прочла несколько строк из « Питера Пэна » Дж. М. Барри , как посвящение детской больнице Great Ormond Street Hospital. Её чтение сопровождалось появлением надувного Волан-де-Морта и других детских литературных персонажей [177] .

Рассеянный склероз

Роулинг финансово поддерживала исследования и лечение рассеянного склероза , от которого страдала её мать до своей смерти в 1990 году. В 2006 году Роулинг пожертвовала значительную сумму на создание нового Центра регенеративной медицины в Эдинбургском университете , позже переименованного в Клинику регенеративной неврологии имени Энн Роулинг [178] . В 2010 году она пожертвовала клинике ещё 10 млн фунтов стерлингов [179] .

По неизвестным причинам, Шотландия имеет самый высокий уровень заболеваемости рассеянным склерозом в мире. В 2003 году Роулинг приняла участие в кампании по созданию национального стандарта лечения для людей, страдающих этим заболеванием [180] . В апреле 2009 года она объявила о прекращении поддержки Multiple Sclerosis Society Scotland, сославшись на неспособность разрешить конфликт между северным и южным отделениями организации [180] .

Прочая благотворительная деятельность

1 и 2 августа 2006 года Роулинг читала свои книги вместе со Стивеном Кингом и Джоном Ирвингом в Радио-сити-мьюзик-холле в Нью-Йорке. Прибыль от мероприятия была передана фонду Haven Foundation, благотворительной организации, которая помогает художникам и исполнителям, которые остались без страховки и не в состоянии работать, и медицинской организации « Врачи без границ » [181] . В мае 2007 года Роулинг передала пожертвование в размере больше 250 тысяч фунтов в фонд, созданный таблоидом News of the World для поиска британской девочки Мэдлин Макканн , которая исчезла в Португалии [182] . Также Роулинг, наряду с Нельсоном Манделой , Альбертом Гором и Аланом Гринспеном , написала предисловие к сборнику речей Гордона Брауна , средства от продаж которого были направлены на Научно-исследовательскую лабораторию Дженнифер Браун [183] .

В мае 2008 года книжный ретейлер Waterstones попросил Роулинг и 12 других писателей сочинить произвольное короткое произведение на одном листе A5 для последующей продажи на аукционе в помощь благотворительным организациям Dyslexia Action и English PEN . Роулинг написала 800 слов приквела к Гарри Поттеру об отце Гарри, Джеймсе Поттере , и крёстном отце, Сириусе Блэке , действие которого происходит за три года до рождения Гарри [184] .

Публикации

Серия о Гарри Поттере

  1. « Гарри Поттер и философский камень » (1997)
  2. « Гарри Поттер и Тайная комната » (1998)
  3. « Гарри Поттер и узник Азкабана » (1999)
  4. « Гарри Поттер и Кубок огня » (2000)
  5. « Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса » (2003)
  6. « Гарри Поттер и Принц-полукровка » (2005)
  7. « Гарри Поттер и Дары Смерти » (2007)
  8. « Гарри Поттер и Проклятое дитя » (2016, только сюжет )

Приложения к серии о Гарри Поттере

  • « Фантастические звери и места их обитания » (2001)
  • « Квиддич с древности до наших дней » (2001)
  • « Сказки барда Бидля » (2008)
  • « Гарри Поттер: предыстория » (2008)
  • «Хогвартс: Неполный и недостоверный путеводитель» (2016)
  • «Короткие рассказы из Хогвартса о власти, политике и назойливых полтергейстах» (2016)
  • «Короткие рассказы из Хогвартса о героизме, лишениях и опасных хобби» (2016)
Movie Scenarios
  • « Фантастические твари и где они обитают » (2016)
  • « Фантастические твари: Преступления Грин-де-Вальда » (2018)

Adult Books

  • « Случайная вакансия » (2012)

Серия о Корморане Страйке

  • « Зов кукушки » (под псевдонимом Роберт Гэлбрейт) (2013)
  • « Шелкопряд » (под псевдонимом Роберт Гэлбрейт) (2014)
  • « На службе зла » (под псевдонимом Роберт Гэлбрейт) (2015) [185]
  • « Смертельная белизна » (под псевдонимом Роберт Гэлбрейт) (2018)

Journalism

  • Very Good Lives: The Fringe Benefits of Failure and Importance of Imagination (2016)

Статьи

  • McNeil, Gil and Brown, Sarah , editors (2002). Предисловие к антологии Magic . Bloomsbury.
  • Brown, Gordon (2006). Введение к «Ending Child Poverty» в Moving Britain Forward. Selected Speeches 1997—2006 . Bloomsbury.
  • Sussman, Peter Y., editor (2006, 26 July). The First It Girl: JK Rowling reviews Decca: the Letters of Jessica Mitford . The Daily Telegraph .
  • Anelli, Melissa (2008). Предисловие к Harry, A History: The True Story of a Boy Wizard, His Fans, and Life Inside the Harry Potter Phenomenon . Pocket Books.
  • Rowling, JK (2008, 5 June). «The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination». Harvard Magazine .
  • Rowling, JK (2009, 30 April). «Gordon Brown — The 2009 Time 100» . Time Magazine .
  • Rowling, JK (2010, 14 April). «The Single Mother's Manifesto». The Times .
  • Rowling, JK (2012, 30 November). «I feel duped and angry at David Cameron's reaction to Leveson». The Guardian
  • Rowling, JK (guest editor) (2014, 28 April). «Woman's Hour Takeover». Woman's Hour , BBC Radio 4 . [229]
  • Rowling, JK (2014, 17 December). Isn't it time we left orphanages to fairytales? The Guardian

Джоан Роулинг в кино

В 2011 году режиссёр Пол А. Кауфман снял фильм Магия слов ( Magic Beyond Words ) о Джоан Роулинг в исполнении Поппи Монтгомери .

Filmography

YearRussian nameoriginal nameRole
2010fГарри Поттер и Дары Смерти. Part 1Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part Iproducer
2011fГарри Поттер и Дары Смерти. Part 2Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part IIproducer
2015withСлучайная вакансияThe Casual Vacancyexecutive producer
2016fФантастические твари и где они обитаютFantastic Beasts and Where to Find Themсценарист, продюсер
2018fФантастические твари: Преступления Грин-де-ВальдаFantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwaldавтор сценария, продюсер

Rewards

Государственные

  • Офицер Ордена Британской империи (16 июня 2000) — «за заслуги в детской литературе» [186] .
  • Компаньон Ордена Кавалеров Почёта (16 июня 2017) — «за заслуги в литературе и филантропии» [187] .
  • Орден Кавалеров Чести (12 декабря 2017) — «за достижения в области литературы и благотворительности» [188] .

Иностранные

  • Кавалер Ордена Почётного легиона (3 февраля 2009, Франция ) [189] [190] .
  • Кавалер Ордена Улыбки (28 октября 2002, Польша ) [191] [192] .

Notes

  1. ↑ SNAC - 2010.
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P3430 "> </a> <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q29861311 "> </a>
  2. ↑ Internet Speculative Fiction Database - 1995.
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P1233 "> </a> <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2629164 "> </a> <a href = " https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P1235 "> </a> <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P1234 "> </a> <a href = " https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P1274 "> </a> <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P1239 "> </a>
  3. ↑ 1 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20171006143544/http://jeugdliteratuur.org/auteurs/joanne-k-rowling
  4. ↑ Joanne Kathleen Rowling - Laureates - Princess of Asturias Awards - The Princess of Asturias Foundation
  5. ↑ 1 2 JK Rowling: From rags to riches — (untranslated) , 2008.
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P6200 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1160945 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q4704926 "></a>
  6. ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912 "> </a> <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:P268 "> </a> <a href = " https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837 "> </a>
  7. ↑ JK Rowling Biography Архивная копия от 13 марта 2014 на Wayback Machine (англ.) . Scholastic.com. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  8. ↑ BBC's secret guide to avoid tripping over your tongue (англ.) , Daily Telegraph (19 October 2006). Дата обращения 17 ноября 2011.
  9. ↑ Flood, Alison. Potter tops 400 million sales (англ.) . theBookseller.com . The Bookseller (17 June 2008). Дата обращения 12 сентября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
  10. ↑ Record for best-selling book series (англ.) . Guinness World Records. Дата обращения 18 апреля 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  11. ↑ Movie Franchises and Brands Index (англ.) . Box Office Mojo. Дата обращения 19 декабря 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  12. ↑ Exclusive Video Interview: 'Harry Potter' Producer David Heyman (англ.) . firstshowing.net (2010). Дата обращения 29 декабря 2010. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  13. ↑ Warner Bros. Pictures Worldwide Satellite Trailer Debut: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 (англ.) . Businesswire (2010). Дата обращения 29 декабря 2010. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  14. ↑ 1 2 3 Shapiro, Marc. JK Rowling: The Wizard Behind Harry Potter . — New York : St. Martin's Press, 2000. — ISBN 0-312-32586-X . (eng.)
  15. ↑ JK Rowling: Casual Vacancy tops fiction charts (англ.) . The Telegraph . Дата обращения 4 октября 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  16. ↑ 1 2 Sunday Times Rich List — Joanne Rowling (англ.) ; Women's Rich List — Joanne Rowling (англ.) . The Sunday Times . 27 April 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  17. ↑ No.48 JK Rowling (англ.) . Forbes Magazine . 14 June 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  18. ↑ Person of the Year 2007 Runners-Up: JK Rowling (англ.) . Time Magazine . 23 December 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
  19. ↑ Pearse, Damien . Harry Potter creator JK Rowling named Most Influential Woman in the UK (англ.) , Guardian (11 October 2010). Дата обращения 11 октября 2010.
  20. ↑ 1 2 «The Not Especially Fascinating Life So Far of JK Rowling» (англ.) JK Rowling. From accio-quote.org. Retrieved 28 April 2008.
  21. ↑ « Jo Rowling Interview on Oprah ». The Oprah Winfrey Show . 1 октября 2010. Event occurs at 1:50. Проверено 28 January 2012 . (eng.)
  22. ↑ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. «JK Rowling: CBC Interview #1» . Accio-Quote . 26 October 2000. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
  23. ↑ Judge rules against JK Rowling in privacy case (англ.) . Guardian Unlimited . 7 August 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2007.
  24. ↑ 1 2 3 Greig, Geordie . «There would be so much to tell her…» (англ.) Daily Telegraph . 10 January 2006. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
  25. ↑ Witness statement of Joanne Kathleen Rowling (англ.) . The Leveson Inquiry (November 2011). Дата обращения 25 ноября 2011. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  26. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ian Parker. Mugglemarch (англ.) . The New Yorker (2012). Дата обращения 23 сентября 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  27. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 «JK Rowling's biography» Архивная копия от 30 декабря 2012 на Wayback Machine (англ.) . JK Rowling's official website. Retrieved 17 March 2006.
  28. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 McGinty, Stephen . The JK Rowling Story (англ.) . The Scotsman . 16 June 2003. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
  29. ↑ JK Rowling's ancestors on ScotlandsPeople (англ.) . ScotlandsPeople. Дата обращения 27 сентября 2011. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  30. ↑ The creator of Harry Potter unravels her French heritage (англ.) . Who Do You Think You Are? Magazine (2011). Дата обращения 27 сентября 2011. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  31. ↑ Colleen A. Sexton. JK Rowling . — Brookfield, Conn : Twenty-First Century Books, 2008. — P. 13. — ISBN 0-8225-7949-9 . (eng.)
  32. ↑ Winterbourne Family History Online , St Michael's School Admission Register 1966—1970 (англ.) — Rowling listed as admission No.305. Retrieved 14 August 2006.
  33. ↑ Happy birthday JK Rowling – here are 10 magical facts about the 'Harry Potter' author (31 July 2010). Дата обращения 8 августа 2010. (англ.)
  34. ↑ Kirk, Connie Ann. JK Rowling: a biography . — Westport, Conn : Greenwood Press, 2003. — P. 28. — ISBN 0-313-32205-8 . (eng.)
  35. ↑ Rowling, JK. The first It Girl (англ.) . The Daily Telegraph . 26 November 2006. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  36. ↑ 1 2 Fraser, Lindsey . Harry and me. The Scotsman . 2 November 2002: interview with Rowling, edited excerpt from Conversations with JK Rowling . Mirror site (англ.)
  37. ↑ Sean Smith, JK Rowling: A Biography (Michael O'Mara, London, 2003), p. 55.
  38. ↑ Feldman, Roxanne . The Truth about Harry (англ.) , School Library Journal , September 1999.
  39. ↑ Fraser, Lindsey . Conversations with JK Rowling. — P. 19-20, Scholastic.
  40. ↑ Fraser, Lindsey . Conversations with JK Rowling. — P. 29, Scholastic.
  41. ↑ Rowling, JK Wyedean Comprehensive (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . jkrowling.com. Дата обращения 15 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  42. ↑ Fraser, Lindsey . Conversations with JK Rowling. — P. 34, Scholastic.
  43. ↑ The JK Rowling story (неопр.) . The Scotsma] (16 June 2003). Дата обращения 11 октября 2017. .
  44. ↑ Norman-Culp, Sheila . British author rides up the charts on a wizard's tale (англ.) . Associated Press. 1998. Retrieved 6 December 2007.
  45. ↑ 1 2 Loer, Stephanie . All about Harry Potter from quidditch to the future of the Sorting Hat (англ.) . The Boston Globe . 18 October 1999. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  46. ↑ It All Started on Platform 9 3/4 (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . JK Rowling's official website. Дата обращения 26 декабря 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  47. ↑ «Harry Potter and Me» (англ.) . BBC Christmas Special. 13 November 2002. Retrieved 25 February 2007.
  48. ↑ Transcript of Richard and Judy (англ.) . Richard & Judy , Channel Four Corporation (UK). 26 June 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2006.
  49. ↑ 'Harry Potter' author JK Rowling wrote a secret book that she ingeniously hid in plain sight (англ.) , Business Insider . Дата обращения 11 июля 2017.
  50. ↑ Weeks, Linton . «Charmed, I'm Sure» (англ.) . The Washington Post . 20 October 1999. Retrieved 21 March 2006.
  51. ↑ Kirk, Connie Ann. JK Rowling: A Biography : [ англ. ] . — United States : Greenwood Press, 2003. — P. 57. — «Soon, by many eyewitness accounts and even some versions of Jorge's own story, domestic violence became a painful reality in Jo's life.». — ISBN 0-313-32205-8 .
  52. ↑ 1 2 3 JK Rowling . JK Rowling: The fringe benefits of failure (англ.) , TED (June 2008). Дата обращения 5 марта 2011. «Failure & imagination».
  53. ↑ «Harry Potter author: I considered suicide» (англ.) . CNN. 23 March 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
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  55. ↑ JK Rowling awarded honorary degree (англ.) (8 July 2004). Дата обращения 9 августа 2012.
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  63. ↑ Lawless, John . Revealed: The eight-year-old girl who saved Harry Potter (англ.) , The New Zealand Herald (3 July 2005). Дата обращения 6 октября 2011.
  64. ↑ Blais, Jacqueline . Harry Potter has been very good to JK Rowling (англ.) . USA Today 9 July 2005. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  65. ↑ Scottish Arts Council Wants Payback (англ.) . hpna.com. 30 November 2003. Retrieved 9 April 2006.
  66. ↑ Kleffel, Rick . Rare Harry Potter books (англ.) . metroactive.com. 22 July 2005. Retrieved 9 April 2006.
  67. ↑ Reynolds, Nigel . «$100,000 Success Story for Penniless Mother.» (англ.) . The Daily Telegraph . 7 July 1997. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  68. ↑ Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (англ.) . The Harry Potter Lexicon (2–April-2006). Дата обращения 12 января 2009. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  69. ↑ «Red Nose Day» Online Chat Transcript (англ.) BBC Online, 12 March 2001, The Burrow. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
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  72. ↑ Gibbons, Fiachra . «Beowulf slays the wizard» (англ.) . Guardian Unlimited . 26 January 2000. Retrieved 19 March 2006.
  73. ↑ 1 2 «Potter sales record» (англ.) . Reuters/PRNewswire. 11 July 2000. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  74. ↑ Johnstone, Anne . The hype surrounding the fourth Harry Potter book belies the fact that Joanne Rowling had some of her blackest moments writing it — and that the pressure was self-imposed; a kind of magic (англ.) . The Herald . 8 July 2000. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
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  77. ↑ Grossman, Lev . «JK Rowling Hogwarts And All» (англ.) . Time magazine. 17 July 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  78. ↑ New Potter book topples US sales records (англ.) . MSNBC. 18 July 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  79. ↑ JK Rowling's World Book Day Chat (англ.) . 4 March 2004. BBC. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
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  81. ↑ Press Release. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Архивная копия от 11 февраля 2016 на Wayback Machine (англ.) . Bloomsbury. 21 December 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2007.
  82. ↑ Cornwell, Tim . Finish or bust — JK Rowling's unlikely message in an Edinburgh hotel room (англ.) . The Scotsman . 3 February 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2007.
  83. ↑ Rowling, JK JKRowling Official Site (англ.) . Дата обращения 15 августа 2011. Архивировано 22 июля 2011 года.
  84. ↑ 1 2 3 Harry Potter finale sales hit 11 m (англ.) . BBC News. 23 July 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
  85. ↑ Rowling to kill two in final book (англ.) , London: BBC News (27 June 2006). Date of treatment March 24, 2010.
  86. ↑ 1 2 Hastings, Chris . Tears as JK Rowling returns to where it began (англ.) . The Daily Telegraph . 24 December 2007. Retrieved 24 December 2007.
  87. ↑ The Brilliant Mind Behind Harry Potter (англ.) . Oprah.com . Дата обращения 16 октября 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
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  89. ↑ Pauli, Michelle . « June date for Harry Potter 5 » (англ.) . The Guardian ; « Potter 'is fastest-selling book ever » (англ.) . BBC News. Retrieved 4 August 2007.
  90. ↑ Sawyer, Jenny . Missing from 'Harry Potter' — a real moral struggle (англ.) . The Christian Science Monitor . 25 July 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
  91. ↑ Final Harry Potter is expected to set record (англ.) , The Boston Globe (29 June 2007). 29 June 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
  92. ↑ New Study Finds That the Harry Potter Series Has a Positive Impact on Kids' Reading and Their School Work Архивная копия от 24 февраля 2007 на Wayback Machine (англ.) . Scholastic. 25 July 2006. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
  93. ↑ Anita Singh . JK Rowling launches Pottermore Website (англ.) , London: The Telegraph (16 June 2011). Дата обращения 2011-067-04.
  94. ↑ Alison Flood . Pottermore website launched by JK Rowling as 'give-back' to fans (англ.) , The Guardian (23 June 2011). Дата обращения 4 июля 2011.
  95. ↑ 1 2 Jo Rowling. JK Rowling.com - FAQ & Rumours (англ.) . Дата обращения 18 сентября 2006. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  96. ↑ Джоан Роулинг опубликовала первую часть «Истории Кубка мира по квиддичу» — Газета. Ru | news
  97. ↑ Lenta.ru: Культура: Книги: Джоан Роулинг опубликовала новую историю про взрослого Гарри Поттера
  98. ↑ Grice, Elizabeth . Harry Potter and the Cursed Child exclusive cast interview: 'Being a wizard is the best job ever' (21 July 2016).
  99. ↑ Walker, Andrew . «Harry Potter is off to Hollywood — writer a Millionairess» (англ.) . The Scotsman . 9 October 1998. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  100. ↑ 1 2 Harry Potter release dates (англ.) . Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  101. ↑ Half-Blood Prince Filming News: Threat of Strike to Affect Harry Potter Six? (англ.) , The Leaky Cauldron. 19 September 2007. Retrieved 19 September 2007.
  102. ↑ Spelling, Ian . Yates Confirmed For Potter VI. // Sci Fi Wire. 3 May 2007. Архивированная копия (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 20 июля 2013. Архивировано 16 февраля 2009 года. (eng.)
  103. ↑ Jeff Boucher . Final 'Harry Potter' book will be split into two movies (англ.) , Los Angeles Times (13 March 2008). Дата обращения 13 марта 2008.
  104. ↑ WB Sets Lots of New Release Dates! (англ.) , Comingsoon.net (24 February 2009). Дата обращения 1 августа 2010.
  105. ↑ Treneman, Ann . JK Rowling, the interview (англ.) . The Times . 30 June 2000. Retrieved 26 July 2006.
  106. ↑ Coke backs Harry Potter literacy drive (англ.) . BBC News. 9 October 2001. Retrieved 26 July 2006.
  107. ↑ Mzimba, Lizo , moderator. «Interview with Steve Kloves and JK Rowling» (англ.) . BBC Newsround. February 2003. Retrieved 21 March 2006.
  108. ↑ «JK Rowling: 'Fans will be happy'» (англ.) . CBBC Newsround . 2 November 2001. Retrieved 21 March 2006.
  109. ↑ JK Rowling on 'Today' part 2: what Daniel Radcliffe knew, the final line (with video) (англ.) . Times Herald-Record . 27 July 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2007.
  110. ↑ Rowling denies vetoing Spielberg (англ.) . JK Rowling's official site (now archived at Wayback Machine). Retrieved 3 April 2006.
  111. ↑ Wizard News: Terry Gilliam Bitter About «Potter» (англ.) . Wizard News. 29 August 2005. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  112. ↑ Billington, Alex . Exclusive Video Interview: 'Harry Potter' Producer David Heyman (англ.) . firstshowing.net. 9 December 2010. Retrieved on 29 September 2011.
  113. ↑ Warner Bros. Pictures mentions JK Rowling as producer. (англ.) Business Wire. 22 September 2010. Retrieved on 29 September 2011.
  114. ↑ Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema in 2011 – The Harry Potter Films (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . British Academy of Film and Television Arts (2011). Дата обращения 3 февраля 2011. Архивировано 31 мая 2012 года.
  115. ↑ Warner Bros. Announces Expanded Creative Partnership with JK Rowling (неопр.) . Business Wire. Date of appeal September 12, 2013.
  116. ↑ Джоан Роулинг анонсировала три фильма по своему роману (неопр.) . Chameleon.FM. Дата обращения 3 марта 2016.
  117. ↑ Новый фильм во вселенной Гарри Поттера выйдет в 2016 году (неопр.) . Российская газета. Date of treatment February 12, 2017.
  118. ↑ David Yates; Ezra Miller, Eddie Redmayne, Colin Farrell, Ron Perlman. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (неопр.) (18 ноября 2016). Date of appeal May 25, 2016.
  119. ↑ Watson, Julie and Kellner, Tomas . «JK Rowling And The Billion-Dollar Empire» (англ.) . Forbes.com . 26 February 2004. Retrieved 19 March 2006.
  120. ↑ #1062 Joanne (JK) Rowling (англ.) . Forbes.com. Retrieved 16 March 2008; Oprah is Richest Female Entertainer (англ.) . Contact Music. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
  121. ↑ JK Rowling, the author with the magic touch (англ.) . MSN. Retrieved 9 August 2007.
  122. ↑ JK Rowling: Billionaire to millionaire (англ.) . The New Zealand Herald (2012). Дата обращения 16 января 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  123. ↑ BBC Radio 4, Woman's Hour Power list (англ.)
  124. ↑ Nichols, Michelle . Hogwarts hideaway for Potter author (англ.) . The Scotsman . 22 November 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  125. ↑ Boshoff, Alison . What does JK Rowling do with her money (англ.) . Daily Mail . 24 August 2006. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  126. ↑ Collinson, Patrick . «Rub shoulders with Brucie for £4.3m, or Tony for £7,250» (англ.) . Guardian Unlimited . 26 April 2005. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
  127. ↑ Джоан Роулинг заработала за год больше всех европейских знаменитостей
  128. ↑ Christmas wedding for Rowling (англ.) . BBC News. 30 December 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  129. ↑ Baby joy for JK Rowling (англ.) , BBC News (24 March 2003). Date of treatment March 24, 2010.
  130. ↑ JK Rowling's Official Site, «Progress on Book Six» . 15 March 2004. Retrieved 22 March 2006. Archived at Wayback Machine.
  131. ↑ JK Rowling's Official Site, «JKR gives Birth to Baby Girl» . Retrieved 25 January 2005. Archived at Wayback Machine.
  132. ↑ 1 2 Biography (англ.) , JK Rowling.com. Дата обращения 8 июня 2013.
  133. ↑ Ian Rankin Архивная копия от 1 марта 2014 на Wayback Machine No. 1 Magazine, Retrieved 24 February 2014
  134. ↑ Charlotte Williams. Rowling leaves Christopher Little Agency (англ.) . thebookseller.com (2011). Дата обращения 4 июля 2011. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  135. ↑ Little, Brown & Company. The Casual Vacancy (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) (2012). Дата обращения 13 апреля 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  136. ↑ JK Rowling launches new novel at Southbank Centre (англ.) . The Londonist. Дата обращения 2 августа 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  137. ↑ JK Rowling to appear at Cheltenham Literature Festival (англ.) . BBC News. Дата обращения 2 августа 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  138. ↑ An hour with JK Rowling (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Charlie Rose LLC (19 October 2012). Дата обращения 26 октября 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  139. ↑ JK Rowling | Lennoxlove Book Festival (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Lennoxlove Book Festival. Дата обращения 29 декабря 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  140. ↑ After Strong Start, JK Rowling's 'The Casual Vacancy' Falls On Charts (англ.) (2012). Дата обращения 8 ноября 2012. Архивировано 12 января 2013 года.
  141. ↑ Rowling's Casual Vacancy to become BBC TV drama series (англ.) . BBC (3 December 2012). Дата обращения 20 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  142. ↑ JK Rowling's The Casual Vacancy to be BBC drama (англ.) . The Telegraph . Дата обращения 3 декабря 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  143. ↑ JK Rowling writing crime novel, says report (англ.) . CBC News. Дата обращения 13 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  144. ↑ Rowling's 'crime novel' is a red herring (англ.) . The Guardian. Дата обращения 13 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  145. ↑ JK Rowling's new book: clues suggest a turn to crime fiction (англ.) . The Guardian. Дата обращения 13 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  146. ↑ JK's OOTP interview (англ.) . Newsnight (2003). Дата обращения 20 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года. Retrieved 20 May 2008. * Living with Harry Potter (англ.) . BBC Radio 4 (2005). Дата обращения 20 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  147. ↑ 1 2 Richard Brooks . Whodunnit? JK Rowling's Secret Life As A Wizard Crime Writer Revealed (англ.) , The Sunday Times (14 July 2013), С. 1.
  148. ↑ Osley, Richard . The Cuckoo's Calling, by 'Robert Galbraith': JK Rowling's secret bestseller (англ.) (14 July 2013). Дата обращения 14 июля 2013.
  149. ↑ The Cuckoo's Calling (англ.) . Publisher's Weekly. Дата обращения 13 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  150. ↑ Mystery Reviews (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Library Journal. Дата обращения 13 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  151. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Maxine Frith . Harry Plotter? (англ.) , The Evening Standard (16 July 2013), С. 20—21.
  152. ↑ 1 2 Lyall, Sarah . This Detective Novel's Story Doesn't Add Up (англ.) (14 July 2013). Дата обращения 14 июля 2013.
  153. ↑ 1 2 James Meikle . JK Rowling directs anger at lawyers after secret identity revealed (англ.) (18 July 2013). Дата обращения 19 июля 2013.
  154. ↑ JK Rowling unmasked as author of detective novel writing under nom de-plume (англ.) . The Telegraph. Дата обращения 13 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  155. ↑ Rowling, JK Latest (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . jkrowling.com. Дата обращения 15 июля 2019. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  156. ↑ 1 2 Goldsmith, Belinda Real-life mystery of JK Rowling's 'secret' novel uncovered (неопр.) . Reuters . trust.org. Дата обращения 18 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  157. ↑ Meikle, James . JK Rowling directs anger at lawyers after secret identity revealed (англ.) (18 July, 2013). Дата обращения 18 июля 2019.
  158. ↑ Rowling accepts compensation for identity revelation (англ.) (July 31, 2013). Date of treatment July 31, 2013.
  159. ↑ JK Rowling lawyer fined over Robert Galbraith leak (неопр.) .
  160. ↑ Rowling, JK Frequently Asked Questions (неопр.) . jkrowling.com. Дата обращения 19 марта 2014.
  161. ↑ Charles Poladian. JK Rowling Returns As Robert Galbraith For New Cormoran Strike Novel, 'The Silkworm,' Plot Summary And Release Date (неопр.) (February 17 2014). Дата обращения 19 марта 2014.
  162. ↑ JK Rowling helps out Robert Galbraith, unveils 'Career of Evil' cover and publication date (неопр.) . Hypable (11 June 2015). Дата обращения 11 июня 2015.
  163. ↑ Tom Burke to play JK Rowling's Cormoran Strike on BBC One (неопр.) . BBC (7 September 2016).
  164. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/jk-rowling-cormoran-strike-robert-galbraith-lethal-white-twitter-a7630516.html
  165. ↑ The Volant Charitable Trust (UK and overseas) (англ.) . Merseyside Funding . Дата обращения 20 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года. Retrieved 19 January 2008.
  166. ↑ Memmott, Carol . A fond look back at Harry (англ.) . USA Today . 25 July 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2007.
  167. ↑ One Parent Families Gingerbread (англ.) . OneParentFamilies . Архивировано 7 июля 2007 года. . Retrieved 11 July 2007.
  168. ↑ JK Rowling becomes President of One Parent Families. 16 November 2004. Retrieved 20 October 2007. Архивированная копия (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 20 июля 2013. Архивировано 6 ноября 2007 года. (eng.)
  169. ↑ Gordon's Women (англ.) . Guardian Unlimited . 13 May 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  170. ↑ Goodson, Rory and Chittenden, Maurice . «Rowling casts a spell that will give charities millions» (англ.) . The Sunday Times . 7 January 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  171. ↑ Comic Relief, The Money, Архивированная копия (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 20 июля 2013. Архивировано 29 октября 2007 года. (eng.)
  172. ↑ Magic (foreward by JK Rowling). Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002 ( ISBN 0-7475-5746-2 ).
  173. ↑ About (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Lumos. Дата обращения 20 июля 2013. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года. Accessed 7 November 2010.
  174. ↑ Philanthropy Impact, Sophie Radice. JK Rowling OBE . Women and Philanthropy (англ.) . Дата обращения 11 августа 2013. Архивировано 13 августа 2013 года.
  175. ↑ 1 2 Rare JK Rowling book fetches £2m (англ.) . BBC News. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2007.
  176. ↑ The Season of Giving – The Millionaire Donations that Defined 2013 (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Spear's. Дата обращения 30 декабря 2013. Архивировано 30 декабря 2013 года.
  177. ↑ Rupert Grint Runs in Olympic Torch Relay, JK Rowling in Opening Ceremony (англ.) . The Leaky Cauldron. Дата обращения 28 июля 2012. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  178. ↑ JK Rowling marks start for clinic (англ.) . University of Edinburgh. Дата обращения 15 декабря 2011. Архивировано 25 июля 2013 года.
  179. ↑ JK Rowling donates £10m to multiple sclerosis clinic (англ.) . Date of treatment August 30, 2010.
  180. ↑ 1 2 Andy McSmith . Rowling quits multiple sclerosis charity over Anglo-Scottish feud (англ.) , The Independent (10 April 2009). Дата обращения 20 апреля 2009.
  181. ↑ Harry, Carrie, Garp (англ.) . Scholastic. 2006. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  182. ↑ 'Potter' Author Adds to UK Reward Fund (англ.) . USA Today. 13 May 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2012; Harry Potter Author Adds To Reward (англ.) . Sky News. 13 May 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  183. ↑ Brown publishes greatest speeches (англ.) . BBC News. 5 April 2006. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  184. ↑ Rachel Williams . Rowling pens Potter prequel for charities (англ.) , The Guardian (29 May 2008). Дата обращения 5 мая 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  185. ↑ Карьера Зла, или Роберт Гэлбрейт выпускает новый детектив , Русский клуб Гарри Поттера (9.08.2015).
  186. ↑ Supplement 55879, page 13 (неопр.) . The London Gazette (19 июня 2000). Дата обращения 28 июня 2017.
  187. ↑ Supplement 61962, page B25 (неопр.) . The London Gazette (16 июня 2017). Дата обращения 28 июня 2017.
  188. ↑ Джоан Роулинг получила знак Ордена Кавалеров чести (неопр.) . РИА Новости (12 декабря 2017). Дата обращения 13 декабря 2017.
  189. ↑ Légion d'honneur : JK Rowling décorée (неопр.) . Le Figaro (3 февраля 2009). Дата обращения 28 июня 2017.
  190. ↑ Harry Potter author knighted in France (неопр.) . The Guardian (4 февраля 2009). Дата обращения 28 июня 2017.
  191. ↑ Order Uśmiechu dla Joanne K. Rowling (неопр.) . (28 октября 2002). Дата обращения 28 июня 2017.
  192. ↑ Rowling Joanne (неопр.) . Орден Улыбки . Дата обращения 28 июня 2017.

Literature

  • Errington PW JK Rowling: A Bibliography 1997-2013 : [ eng. ] . — Bloomsbury Academic, 2015. — 544 p. — ISBN 978-1-84966-974-0 .

Links

  • jkrowling.com — официальный сайт Джоан Роулинг
  • Pottermore — сайт о Гарри Поттере
  • Биография рассказанная самой Дж. К. Роулинг , Hp-Theory.ru
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Роулинг,_Джоан&oldid=101953990


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