The West Siberian subtaiga is the subaiga ecoregion allocated by WWF in the group of mixed and broad-leaved forests . This zone stretches in the latitudinal direction between the cities of Yekaterinburg and Krasnoyarsk with a relatively narrow belt, only 150 km, in the south of Western Siberia . These forests come from ancient Pliocene coniferous-deciduous forests, the biodiversity of their ecosystems is the highest of the ecosystems of Western Siberia, although there are no endemics .
| West Siberian Subtaiga | |
|---|---|
| Ecology | |
| Ecozone | Palearctic |
| Biome | Mixed forests |
| Bird species | 231 |
| Mammal species | 44 |
| Geography | |
| Square | 223,600 km² |
| A country |
|
| Rivers | Ob , Irtysh |
| Climate type | Moderate continental |
| Safety | |
| Safety | Critical / Threatened |
| Global 200 | PA0444 |
The climate of the ecoregion is temperate continental, with average annual temperatures above 0 ° C. The territory is covered with snow on average 180 days a year, the frost-free period is 100-120 days, spring and autumn are short. The average annual rainfall is 350-550 mm.
Vegetation
In the subtaiga of the region, there are coniferous-small-leaved, small-leaved and broad-leaved forests with grass cover. The main forest-forming species are Siberian cedar pine, Siberian spruce, Siberian fir , ordinary pine with an undergrowth of aspen and birch. Dung ( Aegopodium podagraria ), Pulmonaria dacica and Actaea erythrocarpa are found in the grass cover. During the Pliocene, pine , spruce , larch , and fir grew from conifers in these places; from broad-leaved species - chestnut , oak , linden , beech , hornbeam , elm ; from small-leaved - aspen and birch . Most of the broad-leaved species died out during the Ice Age , among the survivors - black poplar everywhere, heart - shaped linden in the west of the region, Siberian linden in the east [1] .
As a result of anthropogenic impact and frequent forest fires, most of the primary forests have been replaced by secondary ones , in which saggy birch and aspen prevail. Less common among these forests are those formed by Scots pine with heart-shaped linden, usually in the undergrowth and species-rich grass cover. The grass cover is dominated by Calamagrostis arundinacea , Carex macroura , dwarf ( Aegopodium podagraria ) , lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea ) and blueberries ( Vaccinium myrtillus ). It also contains bones ( Rubus saxatilis ), double-leafed lane ( Maianthemum bifolium ) , spring rank ( Lathyrus vernus ), Galium septentrionale , horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum and angelica forest ( Angelica sylvestris ). Species of Pleurozium schreberi and Dicranum polysetum prevail in a poorly developed moss cover [1] .
Primary birch forests have been preserved in the north. They are dominated by a birch hanging with an admixture of fluffy birch , aspen, and sometimes linden. Shrub undergrowth is formed mainly by the species Rosa majalis , Crataegus sanguinea , Sorbus sibirica , Salix caprea , Viburnum opulus , Spiraea media . The grass cover is dominated by Calamagrostis arundinacea , Calamagrostis epigeios , Calamagrostis obtusata , Rubus saxatilis , Cnidium dubium , Geranium pseudosibiricum , Vicia cracca , Gentiana pneumonanthe , Delphinium elatum , Trientalis europaegaria pherieria pherieria pherieria , Drya pheria pheria teridae , Pantheria pheria teridae , Pantheria pheria teridae , Pantheria pentatomidae , Papillomonas pylori , papillonidae , papillomonium , papillonidae , papillomonium , and papillomonium papilloparidae . About 400 plant species grow in the primary birch forests of the region [1] .
In swamps , which occupy about 20% of the region's territory, fluffy birch prevails in the forest stand , Calamagrostis langsdorffii and Carex lasiocarpa prevail in the grass cover, and Aulacomnium palustre and Sphagnum warnstorfii in moss cover. Marshes are mostly not covered by forest [1] .
The flora of the West Siberian subtaiga includes about a thousand species characteristic of the southern taiga , forest-steppe, and sometimes the steppe [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 [1] Western Siberian hemiboreal forests . Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund