Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Pavel Vasilievich

The early years

P.V. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, commander of the Cavalry Guard regiment, 1801-1803

The representative of the ancient Novgorod clan Kutuzov ^[2] . The son of the guard, Captain Lieutenant Vasily Petrovich and his wife Maria Trifonovna. Received home education.

In 1782 he was formally enlisted in the Life Guard as a cavalry regiment commander , in 1784 he received the rank of cornet . In addition, in 1783 he received the title of page, and in 1788 - chamber-page, in this capacity he served in the court of Catherine II . March 17 ( 28 ), 1794 promoted to lieutenant of the Horse Guards . On December 17 ( 28 ), 1796 he was appointed the adjutant wing to Emperor Paul I , in January 1797 he was promoted to second captain, and on April 5 ( 16 ), 1797 to captain.

After that, Golenishchev-Kutuzov was appointed by personal order to the Novorossiysk Governor , Lieutenant General Berdyaev , who was entrusted with the settlement and arrangement in Novorossia “ near the Sea of ​​Azov, between Dairy Waters and the river Byrd "emigrants from revolutionary France; Golenishchev-Kutuzov was ordered to report to the emperor on the progress of the case.

April 17 ( 28 ), 1798 promoted to colonel . On March 29 ( April 9 ), 1799 resigned, on December 2 ( 14 ) 1800 he again enlisted in the Horse Guards, receiving the rank of Major General at the age of 28, and was transferred to the Life Guard on December 23, 1800 ( January 4, 1801 ). Hussar Regiment . Involved in a conspiracy that led to the assassination of Emperor Paul on March 11 ( 23 ), 1801 ; That night Golenishchev-Kutuzov arrested the chief of his regiment, Lieutenant General A. S. Kologrivov . March 16 ( 28 ), 1801 was appointed commander of the Cavalier Guard regiment .

Turkish War

May 16 ( 28 ), 1803 was appointed chief of the newly formed Belarusian Hussar Regiment . For the excellent condition of the regiment in 1806 received the "highest favor" from Alexander I. He commanded his regiment in battles with the Turks in 1806-1807 in the corps of General Miloradovich .

He participated in the occupation of Yass ( November 16 ( 28 ), 1806 ), in the capture of Bucharest (December 13 ( 25 ), 1806 ) and in the persecution of Turkish troops against Jourget , then in the battles near Turbat (March 5 ( 17 ) March 1807 ) and near Jourzha ( 6 (March 18 ), 1807 ). He was especially distinguished during the siege of Ishmael , when on June 7 ( 19 ), 1807 (according to other sources, July 12 ( 24 ), 1807 ), with his regiment, repulsed the Turkish garrison sally from the fortress, while being shot in the leg and arm; for courage on August 5 ( 17 ), 1807 he was awarded the Order of St. George of the 3rd class.

From December 9 ( 21 ), 1807 to February 2 ( 14 ), 1809 , he was retired and healed. Due to this temporary resignation, his seniority with the rank of major general was reckoned from February 16, 1802, and not from December 1800. Returning to service, he was appointed to the retinue of the emperor.

Chief Police Officer of St. Petersburg

On February 14 ( 26 ), 1810 , he was appointed Chief Police Officer of St. Petersburg and on August 30 ( September 11 ), 1810 was granted Adjutant General . After a year and a half ( September 24 ( October 6 ), 1811 ), at his own request, he was dismissed from this post, remaining the adjutant general. For his activities during his tenure as Chief Police Officer, he was awarded the Order of St. Anna of the 1st degree, and with the resignation from this position - with diamond signs for this order.

Patriotic War of 1812

In the summer of 1812, Golenishchev-Kutuzov accompanied the emperor on a trip to Vilna and was left at the headquarters of the 1st Western Army. He participated in the battle of Ostrovno on July 14 ( 26 ), 1812 , where he was wounded, after which he returned to Petersburg. In the emperor’s retinue, he traveled to Abo , where Alexander I made an alliance with the Swedish Crown Prince Bernadotte , the de facto ruler of Sweden.

After the French occupation of Moscow, Golenishchev-Kutuzov, by order of the emperor, gathered from the coachmen of the Tver and Novgorod provinces (3,747 horsemen) the Yamskaya equestrian Cossack regiment and the artillery half regiment ; these formations were intended to cover St. Petersburg, among other troops. Due to the capture of the French by the French General F.F. Wincingerode took his place as commander of a cavalry detachment, covering the road from Moscow to St. Petersburg, and successfully acted against the enemy.

After the French left Moscow, the Golenishchev-Kutuzov detachment acted together with the Cossacks of Ataman Platov against the right (northern) wing of the retreating enemy in order to open the Main Army’s communication with Wittgenstein’s corps. Having overtaken the French army with reinforced marches, the Golenishchev-Kutuzov detachment at the crossing of the river. Vop and near the city of Dukhovshchina on October 2 ( 14 ), 1812 , the French detachment defeated, captured many officers, including the division general Sanson , and more than 500 lower ranks.

After Napoleon crossed the Berezina, a detachment of Golenishchev-Kutuzov advanced through Dokshitsy to Vilna, on November 20 ( December 2 ), 1812, caught the rear guard of the 6th (Bavarian) corps under the command of General Wrede , defeated him and captured up to 200 officers and more than 1,000 soldiers. Following in front of Wittgenstein's corps in the direction of Vilno and Kovno, Tilsit occupied. Combining with the broken detachment of Major General Vlastov , he retreated to the main forces of Wittgenstein. On December 25, 1812 ( January 6, 1813 ) Koenigsberg occupied, where he captured more than 9,000 enemy soldiers, and on December 31, 1812 ( January 12, 1813 ) captured Elbing .

For his actions during the Patriotic War he was awarded in 1813 the Order of St. Vladimir of the 2nd degree.

Overseas Campaigns

At the beginning of 1813, Golenishchev-Kutuzov was recalled to the main apartment of Alexander I. In the battles of Luzen , Bauzen , Dresden and Kulm he personally transmitted the orders of the emperor to the troops. For distinctions, he was promoted to lieutenant general on September 15 ( 27 ), 1813 . In 1813, he received the Austrian Order of Leopold , the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle of the 1st degree, the Bavarian Military Order of Maximilian Joseph and the Swedish Order of the Sword . For the courage shown in the battle of Leipzig (“Battle of the Peoples”, October 4-6, according to the old style), he was awarded a gold saber with diamonds and the inscription “For Bravery”.

After this battle, on October 7 ( 19 ), 1813, he was sent by Alexander I with a report on the victory to Petersburg, where he received a diamond ring as a gift from the Empress with an image on it dated October 4, 5 and 6. Returning to the emperor’s headquarters, in the campaign of 1814 he participated in the battles of Brienne , under La Rotier , at Arcy-sur-Oba , at Fer-Champenoise and in the capture of Paris , after which he was sent by Alexander I to Petersburg with a report on the occupation of the French capital . Golenishchev-Kutuzov, arriving April 13 ( 25 ), 1814 in St. Petersburg with a report on the capture of Paris, became a "messenger of glory", with glee met by all Russian society.

After the war he was appointed a member of the newly established " Committee on the Wounded ." He accompanied the emperor on trips to the army in Europe, to meetings of the Vienna Congress and to the huge viewing of Russian troops at Werty on August 29 ( September 10 ), 1815 before the army returned to Russia.

Post-war activities

From May 1816 to April 1817 he accompanied the Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich (future Emperor Nicholas I ) on his journey through Russia and abroad. Upon his return he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky .

In January 1823 he was appointed chief director of military schools and the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum and the Educational House , as well as a member of the Council on Military Schools. In 1825 he was appointed a member of the Council at the Imperial Educational Society of Noble Maidens .

By 1825, his official conflict with the leading was noted by contemporaries . Prince Konstantin Pavlovich , his immediate superior in the "vertical" leadership of military schools. The misunderstanding was associated with a violation of the order of subordination - the appeal of one of Golenishchev-Kutuzov's subordinates directly to the Grand Duke. Kutuzov filed a letter of resignation, but after an exchange of a number of polite letters, the conflict was settled.

Governor General of Petersburg

After the murder during the uprising of the Decembrists, Count Miloradovich , military governor-general of St. Petersburg, Golenishchev-Kutuzov took his post from December 15 ( 27 ), 1825 ^[3] ( December 27, 1825 ( January 8, 1826 ) was approved in office), and December 28, 1825 ( January 9, 1826 ) was appointed a member of the Council of State . He remained in the post of governor-general until February 19 ( March 3 ), 1830 .

As Governor-General, he began the construction of buildings of the Technological and Forestry Institutes, the Senate and the Synod , and the Alexandrinsky Theater . A number of bridges were built under it ^[4] across the rivers and canals of St. Petersburg: Bankovsky , Bolshoi Konyushenny , Egyptian , Lion , Old Believers , Novo-Brick , 2nd Engineering , Malo-Krestovsky , Molvinsky Uralsky (Vinnichny) , Admiralteysky (Galerny), Humpback, Officer (Havana), New Cast Iron, Rastanny, Kursky (Shmelev), Vozdvizhensky, Blacksmith (Vladimir), Basseyn, Hospital, Sand (Gateway), 4th Tarakanovsky; started the construction of the Triple Bridge .

He was included by Emperor Nicholas I in the " Commission for the Investigation of Malicious Societies ", which investigated the uprising of the Decembrists . A well-known historical anecdote transmitted by Prince P.V. Dolgorukov is associated with his activities in this capacity. At the confrontation of the Decembrists P.I. Pestel and S.G. Volkonsky, Golenishchev-Kutuzov could not resist and said: “I am surprised, gentlemen, how could you decide on such a terrible thing as regicide?” Pestel immediately replied: “I am surprised at the surprise Your Excellency, you should know better than us that this would not be the first time . ” Kutuzov (who once participated in the conspiracy that led to the assassination of Emperor Paul ) turned pale and turned green, and Pestel turned to the other members of the commission and added: “It happened that in Russia Andreyeva taped us for this!”

Golenishchev-Kutuzov personally led the execution of five Decembrists on July 13 ( 25 ), 1826 , sending a report about it to Nicholas I ^{[5] [6]} :

The execution ended with due silence and order, both on the part of the former troops, and on the part of the audience, of whom there were few. Due to the inexperience of our executioners and the inability to make gallows, the first time three, namely: Ryleyev , Kakhovsky ^[7] and Muravyov-Apostol , fell apart, but were soon hanged again and received a well-deserved death - which my imperial majesty fully informs.

In the literature on the execution of the Decembrists, it is often noted that it was Golenishchev-Kutuzov, the senior official during the execution, who did not adhere to the custom prohibiting the re-hanging of those executed who had been torn down during the execution of the sentence.

August 22 ( September 3 ) 1826 , at the coronation of Emperor Nicholas I, was granted the rank of general from the cavalry . On December 14 ( 26 ), 1826, he was dismissed from the post of chief director of military schools with the retention of the right to wear the uniform of the cadet corps. When resigning on petition from the post of St. Petersburg Governor-General on February 19 ( March 3 ), 1830 Golenishchev-Kutuzov received the Highest Rescript with gratitude, and on April 5 ( 17 ), 1830 he was awarded the Order of St. St. Andrew the First - Called - the highest award of the Russian Empire.

He was a member of the Board of Trustees of public charity institutions in St. Petersburg (1828-1830) ^[8] .

After resignation

Летом 1831 года был отправлен императором в Нижний Новгород для принятия мер по недопущению срыва Нижегородской ярмарки от эпидемии холеры , охватившей в том году многие губернии России. Летом следующего, 1832 года от холеры умерла жена Кутузова. 8 ( 20 ) ноября 1832 Голенищев-Кутузов был возведён в графское Российской империи достоинство.

В 1832—1841 граф Кутузов занимает пост председателя Совета военно-учебных заведений. С 20 апреля ( 2 мая ) 1839 года он находился в отпуске по болезни, с сохранением всех окладов получаемого им содержания. 16 ( 28 ) апреля 1841 , в день бракосочетания наследника престола вел. князя Александра Николаевича , граф Голенищев-Кутузов был награждён орденом св. Владимира 1-й степени. Последнее выступление Кутузова в Государственном совете состоялось 30 марта ( 11 апреля ) 1842 года.

Умер в Санкт-Петербурге 1 ( 13 ) ноября 1843 года в возрасте 71 года. На отпевании присутствовал император, за гробом шёл Кавалергардский полк . Похоронен в своем имении в селе Шубино Корчевского уезда Тверской губернии (ныне — с. Печетово Кимрского района Тверской обл.), в склепе под храмом великомученика Димитрия Солунского рядом с прахом его жены. В 1960-70-е годы склеп был разорён [1] , сохранились лишь надгробные камни супругов, сейчас установленные рядом с храмом ^[9] .

• Существует мнение ^[10] , что карцер стали в начале XIX века называть «кутузкой» по фамилии обер-полицмейстера П. В. Голенищева-Кутузова.
• О губернаторе Кутузове петербуржцам напоминает его дом на площади Искусств , 3. Построен в 1820-е и 1830-е гг. по проекту К. И. Росси . Памятник архитектуры федерального значения.

Жена — Екатерина Петровна Неклюдова (15.10.1781—05.10.1832), дочь тайного советника Петра Васильевича Неклюдова (1745—1797) от его брака с Елизаветой Ивановной Левашовой (1755—1799). Пользовалась благосклонностью императрицы Александры Фёдоровны и по отзыву современницы, была умная женщина с достойным уважения характером, приятная в компании и превосходная мать ^[11] . Кавалерственная дама ордена Св. Екатерины (малого креста) (30.08.1814) и председательница Совета Женского Патриотического Общества . Скончалась в 1832 году в Петербурге от холеры. I had children in marriage:

• Василий Павлович (1803—1873), генерал-адъютант, с 1836 года женат на фрейлине Софье Александровне Рибопьер (1813—1881), дочери графа А. И. Рибопьера .
• Елизавета Павловна (1804—04.03.1835), фрейлина двора, замужем за Иваном Андреевичем Михайловым (1799—1879). После первых родов у неё парализовало ноги, и она была прикована к креслу. Умерла от последствий застарелой подагры в Вене, похоронена на кладбище Святого Марка .
• Павел Павлович (26.12.1805— ?), крестник С. П. Неклюдова и М. П. Супоневой ^[12] .
• Мария Павловна (1808—1877), фрейлина двора, замужем (с 8 апреля 1836 года) ^[13] за генерал-майором бароном Леопольдом Фёдоровичем Корфом (1804—1852). По отзыву родственника, была добрая и милая женщина, примерная мать и жена, для устройства своего состояния вместе с мужем жила несколько лет в отдаленной деревне ^[14] .
• Иван Павлович (15.01.1810— ?), крестник А. И. Нелидова и девицы А. П. Неклюдовой ^[15] .
• Софья Павловна (10.02.1811 ^[16] —1848), крещена 14 февраля в Исаакиевском соборе, крестница А. И. Нелидова и девицы В. П. Неклюдовой; фрейлина двора, жила в Зимнем дворце и по дружбе своей с В. Нелидовой , принадлежала к самому тесному, домашнему кругу царской семьи. В 1834 году с Софьей произошёл несчастный случай, после чего её «подвергали различному лечению, как-то: подвешиванию, прижиганию каленым железом и другим мучениям, так что она долго была полуумирающей. Она кричала день и ночь от боли, покуда Мандт (лейб-медик) не услышал о её болезни и не стал лечить её другим методом, который в конце концов, после долгих лет, исцелил её. Она носила развевающиеся платья, чтобы скрыть своё убожество. Правильными чертами лица напоминала римлянку» ^[17] .
• Аркадий Павлович (1812—1859), сенатор; его сын поэт и прозаик Арсений Голенищев-Кутузов .

• Голенищев-Кутузов, Павел Васильевич, граф // Военная энциклопедия : [в 18 т.] / под ред. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
• А. Горшман. Голенищев-Кутузов Павел Васильевич (1773 — 1.11.1843) // Словарь русских генералов, участников боевых действий против армии Наполеона Бонапарта в 1812—1815 гг. // Russian archive. The history of the Fatherland in the evidence and documents of the XVIII — XX centuries. : Collection. - M .: TRITE studio N. Mikhalkova , 1996. - T. VII . — С. 361 . - ISSN 0869-20011 . (Comm. A. A. Podmazo )
• Нерегулярный историко-культурно-познавательный журнал о Санкт-Петербурге
• The official portal of the administration of St. Petersburg
• A. Doboshinsky. Count Pavel Vasilievich Golenishchev-Kutuzov // Collection of biographies of cavalry guards. [1724-1899]: On the occasion of the centuries. the anniversary of Her Majesty the Grand Duchess Maria Fedorovna Regiment / Comp. under the editorship of S. Panchulidzeva. - T. 3. - 1906. - S. 10-15 .