Kento [1] ( 建 長 т kentyo:) is the motto of the reign ( nengo ) of the Japanese emperor Go-Fukakus [2] [1] , used from 1249 to 1256 [1] [3] .
| Kento | |
|---|---|
| jap. 建 長 | |
| Serial number | 136 |
| Ruling emperor | Go fucacus |
| Duration | 1249-1256 years |
| Previous era | Hoji |
| Next era | Kogen |
Duration
Beginning and end of an era: [3] [4] [1]
- 18th day of the 3rd moon of the 3rd year of Hoji (according to the Julian calendar - May 2, 1249);
- 5th day of the 10th moon of the 8th year of Kento (Julian calendar - October 24, 1256).
Origin
The name Nengo was borrowed from the 65th juan of the classical ancient Chinese composition Hou Hanshu [3] : 「建 長久 之 策」 [3] .
Events
Julian calendar dates
- 1249 (1st year of Kento) - Miura Yasumura became a Shikken along with Hojo Tokiyori [5] ;
- 1251 (Kento's 3rd year) - a collection of waka poems “Shokugosen Wakashu” ( Japanese 続 後 撰 和 歌集 , Continuation of the second collection of Japanese songs) was compiled;
- 1252 (Kento's 4th year) - a big fire in Kamakura [6] ;
- 1252 (4th year of Kento) - Prince Munetaka ( 宗 尊 親王 ) , the first son of Emperor Go-Saga , became the sixth shogun of the Kamakur shogunate ;
- 1253 (5th year of Kento) - a hurricane and an earthquake in Kamakura [6] ;
- 1253 (5th year of Kento) - the Kento-ji Temple ( 建 長 寺 ) was founded [7] [5] ;
- 1253 (5th year of Kento) - the monk Nichiren in the Sayyo-ji temple announces the establishment of the True Dharma, first pronouncing the mantra " Namu-Myo-Ho-Ren-Ge-Kyo " on Mount Kiyosumi; at the same time, the monk Nissho (1221-1323) became his student [6] ;
- 1254 (6th year of Kento) - a big fire, a great earthquake and other natural disasters in Kamakura [6] ;
- 1255 year (7th year of Kento) - Nichiren wrote "On finding the status of Buddha" [6] ;
- 1256 (8th year of Kento) - storm, flood and epidemic in Kamakura [6] ;
- 1256 (8th year of Kento) - Hojo Nagatoki became the new Shikken (1229–1264, reigned in 1256–1264) [6] .
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology. In parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era, the name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese Gan-chi system is indicated . The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| Kento's 1st year ( Earth Rooster ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julian calendar | February 14, 1249 | March 16th | April 15th | May 14 | June 13th | July, 12 | 10th of August | 8 September | October 8th | November 6th | December 6 | January 5, 1250 | |
| 2nd Kento Year ( Metal Dog ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 3, 1250 | 5th of March | April, 4 | May 3 | 2 June | July 1 | July 31 | August 29 | September 28th | 27th October | November 25 | December 25th | |
| 3rd Kento Year ( Metal Pig ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 9th moon * (leap) | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 24, 1251 | February 22 | March 24 | April 23 | 22nd of May | 21st of June | July 20 | August 19 | September 17th | 17 October | 15th of November | December 14th | January 13, 1252 |
| 4th Kento Year ( Water Rat ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 12, 1252 | March 12th | April 11th | May 10 | the 9th of June | July 8 | August 7 | 6 September | October 5th | November 4th | December 3rd | January 2, 1253 | |
| 5th Kento Year ( Water Bull ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | January 31, 1253 | March 1 | March 31 | April 29th | May 29 | June 28 | July 27th | August, 26th | September 24th | October 24th | November 23rd | December 22 | |
| 6th Kento Year ( Wooden Tiger ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 5th moon * (leap) | 6th moon | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 21, 1254 | February 19th | March 21 | April 19th | May 18 | June 17 | July 16 | August 15 | September 14th | October 13th | November 12th | 12 December | January 10, 1255 |
| 7th Kento Year ( Wooden Rabbit ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 9, 1255 | 10th of March | April 9th | May 8th | June 6th | July 6th | August 4 | September 3rd | 2 October | Nov. 1 | December 1st | December, 31st | |
| 8th Kento Year ( Fire Dragon ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | January 29, 1256 | 28th of February | March 28 | April 27th | 26 of May | June 24 | July 23 | August 22 | September 20 | The 20th of October | November 19th | December 19th |
- * An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 739.
- ↑ East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355-358.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 (ニ ッ ポ ニ カ)』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponica Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database Archived July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute (Taiwan)
- ↑ 1 2 Nihon Gaisi, 1910-1915 , Book IV. Epilogue to the history of the Minamoto clan. Rod Hojo.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chronological table of the main milestones of the life and work of the great teacher Nitiren. Composed by the senior monk of the Nippondzan Mekhodzi Order in Ukraine and Russia, Sergey Korostelev.
- ↑ Joint Council for Japanese Renzai Obaku Zen, Kenchō-ji
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - S. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Slogans of rule // Description of Japanese manuscripts, woodcuts and early printed books. Vol. I .. - Moscow: Oriental literature , 1963. - S. 204-210. - 243 p.
- Paradise Sanyo . Unofficial History of Japan = 日本 外史 / Per. with yap. V.M. Mendrina . - Vladivostok, 1910-1915.
- History of Japan / Ed. A.E. Zhukova. - M .: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times until 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- (Fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.