Time perspective ( English time perspective ) - a concept in psychology , introduced by K. Levin . According to Frank, “a complete set of ideas of the individual about his psychological future and psychological past, existing at a given time.” Researchers of the time perspective: F. Zimbardo , M. Seligman , D. A. Leontyev , A. Kronik, E. Golovakha, R. Akhmerov and others. In psychology, the terms “temporal transperspectivity”, “locus of time”, “life path of an individual”, and others that are similar in meaning, but are also used [1] .
Measurements of the time perspective: extension to the future, extension to the past, density of events in the past or future, the presence of connections between events, aspiration to the future (the speed of the course of life).
Usually the time perspective has the following features:
- a sense of speed of movement into the future is maximum in youth;
- the search for a balance between past and future is most in demand in adulthood;
- optimism in old age helps to cope with many adversities;
- in cramped conditions, it narrows;
- a sense of lack of prospects is one of the manifestations of the phenomenon of " learned helplessness ."