Kempo [1] or Kenreki [1] ( 建 保 э kempo :, kempo ) is the motto of the reign ( nengo ) of the Japanese emperor Juntoku [2] [1] , used from 1214 to 1219 [1] [3] .
| Kempo | |
|---|---|
| Jap. 建 保 | |
| Serial number | 120 |
| Ruling emperor | Juntoku |
| Duration | 1214-1219 years |
| Previous era | Kenryaku |
| Next era | Jokyu |
According to Hyakurensho ( 百 錬 抄 Mirror, polished a hundred times ) , the reason for the announcement of the new motto of the board was a major earthquake.
Content
Duration
Start and End of an Era: [3] [4] [1]
- The 6th day of the 12th moon of the 3rd year of Kenryak (on the Julian calendar , January 18, 1214);
- The 12th day of the 4th moon of the 7th year of Kampo (on the Julian calendar - May 27, 1219).
Origin
The name Nengo was borrowed from the classical ancient Chinese composition Shu Jing [3] : 「惟 天 丕 建 、 保 乂 有 殷」 [3] .
Events
Julian calendar dates
- January 24, 1213 (1st day of the 1st moon of the 1st year Kampo) - an earthquake occurred in Kamakura [5] ;
- 1213 (11th moon of the 1st year of Kempo) - Fujiwara-no Teika , also known as Fujiwara-no Sadeie, introduced the collection of 8th century poems " Manyoshu " to the shogun Minamoto-no Sanetomo [6] ;
- 1214 (2nd year of Kampo) - surviving supporters of the Wada clan raised a rebellion in the capital in the winter, but were defeated by the soldiers of the guard detachment who attacked them [7] ;
- 1214 (2nd moon of the 2nd year of Kempo) - Minamoto-no Sanetomo after a fair portion of sake felt unwell; and then the Buddhist monk Eisai , the rector of the Jiufuku-ji temple , prepared a tincture that allowed the shogun to restore good health [6] ;
- 1214 (3rd moon of the 2nd year of Kampo) - the emperor prayed in the temple of Kasuga Taisha [6] ;
- 1214 (4th moon of 2nd year of Kempo) - a group of militant monks living on Mount Hiei set fire to the central temple of the Enryaku-ji complex. The damage was offset by the Shogun Sanetomo [6] ;
- 1214 (7th moon of the 2nd year of Kempo) - the number of traders was determined in Kamakura, more than which they should not be [7]
- 1215 year (1st moon of the 3rd year of Kempo) - Hojo Tokimasa died at the age of 78 in the mountains of Izu province [6] ;
- 1215 (6th moon of the 3rd year of Kampo) - the famous monk Eisai died at the age of 75; his remains were buried in the Kyonning-ji temple founded by him in Kyoto [6] ;
- 1215 (8th-9th moon of the 3rd year of Kampo) - a series of earthquakes in the vicinity of Kamakura [6] ;
- 1217 (the 8th-9th moons of the 5th year of Kampo) - the emperor visited the shrines of Hirano ( Jap. 平野 神社 ) and Oharano ( Jap. 大 原野 神社 ) near Kyoto;
- 1218 (6th year of Kempo) - the shogun Minamoto-no Sanetomo received the title of chief of the Life Guards Konoefu and the right minister [7] .
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of the Japanese traditional and European numerals. The name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese system Gan-chi is indicated in brackets to the year number of the Japanese era. The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| 1st year Campo ( Water Rooster ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 9th moon * (leap) | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julian calendar | January 24, 1213 | February 22 | March 24 | April 23 | 22nd of May | June 20 | July 20 | August 18 | 16 of September | October 16th | November 14 | December 14th | January 13, 1214 |
| 2nd year Campo ( Wooden Dog ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 12, 1214 | March 13 | 12th of April | May 11th | June 10th | July 9 | 8 August | 6 September | October 5th | November 4th | December 3rd | January 2, 1215 | |
| 3rd year Kampo ( Wood Pig ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 1, 1215 | 2nd of March | April 1st | 1st of May | May 30 | June 29 | July 28th | August 27 | September 25th | October 24th | November 23rd | December 22 | |
| 4th year Kampo ( Fire Rat ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon | 6th moon * (leap) | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 21, 1216 | February 19th | 20th of March | April 19th | May 18 | June 17 | July 17th | August 15 | September 14th | October 13th | 11th of November | December 11th | January 9, 1217 |
| 5th year Kampo ( Fiery Bull ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 8, 1217 | 9th of March | April 8th | May 7th | June 6th | July 6 | August 4 | September 3rd | 2 October | Nov. 1 | December 1st | December 30th | |
| 6th year Kampo ( Ground Tiger ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | January 28, 1218 | February 27 | March 28 | April 27 | 26 of May | June 25 | July 24 | August 23 | September 22nd | October 21 | 20 November | December 20 | |
| 7th year Kempo ( Earthen Rabbit ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 2nd moon * (leap) | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * |
| Julian calendar | January 18, 1219 | February 17 | March 18 | April 16 | 16th of May | June 14th | July 13 | 12th of August | 11 September | October 10th | November 9 | 9th December | January 8, 1220 |
- * The asterisk is marked with short months (moons) lasting 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 738.
- ↑ East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V. V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355-358.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 (Jap.) 日本 一 『『 日本 大 百科全書 (Список ッ ポ ニ カ) 』小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( Japanese nengo list // Encyclopedia Nipponika . - Shogakukan , 1984—1994. )
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database on the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute website (Taiwan)
- ↑ Titsing, 1834 , p. 231.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Titsing, 1834 , p. 233.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Nihon Gaisi, 1910-1915 , Book IV. Epilogue to the history of the Minamoto clan. H Ходj race
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the RAS, 2010. - p. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Board Mottos // Description of Japanese Manuscripts, Prints and Old Printed Books. Issue I .. - Moscow: Eastern literature , 1963. - p. 204-210. - 243 s.
- Paradise Sanyo . The unofficial history of Japan = 日本 外史 / Trans. with jap V.M. Mendrina . - Vladivostok, 1910-1915.
- History of Japan / Ed. A. E. Zhukova. - Moscow : Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times to 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- (fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon Odai Itiran, or Review of Imperial Rule in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.