Corral

Poland , ON

Stanislav Sobieski , coronet great crown , drawing approx. 1605 . Kingdom of Poland .

From the XIV century in the Kingdom of Poland there was a post of the Great Coronet coronet , and from the 15th century in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - the Great Coronet ON . The deputy of the great cornet was the outdoor cornet (since the XVI century ). Their duty was to wear the royal or grand duke banner (gonfalons) during ceremonies and stay with him at the monarch during the fighting.

From the XIV — XV centuries in Poland and on, a corral regiment , or a district corral - an elected military leader who gathered a militia of one district , which was called a banner (the militia of each district was a separate military unit, and therefore had its own banner ). Appointed himself to help district captains .

The ceremonial epaulette of the cornet army of the Ukrainian state

The post remained after the unification of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569 into the Commonwealth (the armed forces in the Commonwealth existed separately in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania). The povet cornet was subordinate to the chestnut , his functions included the organization of the militia (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) in the povet. It was one of the highest posts in the zemstvo board of the Commonwealth (the next after the senator , subcommittee and town elder).

In the army of the 18th century Grand Duchy of Lithuania , a coronier is a junior officer rank in infantry and cavalry. The sign of distinction was one asterisk on the epaulet. Corresponds to the modern rank of junior lieutenant .

Cossacks

Since the XVI century, coronets - military posts and among the Cossacks of the Zaporizhzhya Sich : troop general coronet, regimental and hundred coronet. They were part of the elders . With the accession of Ukraine to the Russian state in the 18th century, a coronet (first in the Cossack communities, then in the Cossack troops ) - a military rank. Since 1798 he corresponded to the cornet in the cavalry ^[1] , since 1884 he was in the XII grade of the Table of Ranks .

Persons from the Cossack estate in the Russian army, performing the duties of the respective Cossack officers - coronets, but not having the right to be promoted to military ranks , were called " ordinary coronet ". The rank of “mediocre coronet” was given to the warlords and officers for military distinctions. On epaulets of a corral they had “on top” of the epaulet, across it, stripes of that rank from which they were promoted to officer rank.

Some of the details of the uniform - the absence of officer lanyards , officer galloon on the sword-belt and others - were also distinguished from the Cossack officers by ordinary officers .

In military ranks

In 1919 - 1923 and in 1944 - 1957 in the Polish Army, the cornet was the youngest officer rank (introduced in 1919).

From 1963 to 2004, the Polish Army had a special class of ranks between senior podofitsery (non-commissioned officers) and junior officers, called coronets. The ranks belonged to it: junior coronet (introduced in 1967 ), coronet, senior coronet (introduced in 1963), junior staff coronet (introduced in 1997 ), staff cornet (introduced in 1967). This group of ranks roughly corresponded to warrant officers in the USSR and a number of other states.

Currently, in connection with the transition of the Polish army to NATO standards, the cornet class is combined with the classes of sub-officers and senior sub-officers. The titles “junior coronet”, “coronet”, “senior coronet” were retained. The titles "Junior Staff Coronet" and "Staff Coronet" are canceled. The title of "senior staff cornet" was introduced.

The youngest coronet belongs to the subofficers (who correspond to sergeants ) and is the eldest among them (that is, this rank corresponds to the rank of foreman ).

The coronet, senior coronet and senior staff coroner belong to the senior subofficers (roughly corresponding to the class of ensigns, that is, the coronet roughly corresponds to the ensign, and the senior coronet and senior staff coroner to the senior ensign ).

In the Navy and the maritime unit of the Special Forces, the word “ fleet ” is added to the names of all these ranks.

In official ranks

The Border Guard , the Agency for Internal Security, the Agency for Intelligence, the State Guard Service, the Wagon Service (punishment service) have classes of service ranks of coronets (correspond to the class of military ranks of senior subofficers). In the Border Guard, this class includes the ranks of Junior Coronet, Coronet, Senior Coronet, Staff Coronet, Senior Staff Coronet, with the addition of the words “Border Guard”. In the Internal Security Agency and the Intelligence Agency, this class includes the ranks of Junior Coronet, Coronet, Senior Coronet, Junior Staff Coronet, Staff Coronet, Senior Staff Coronet, with the words “Internal Security Agency” or “Intelligence Agency” respectively. In the State Guard Service and the Wagon Service, this class includes the ranks of Junior Coronet, Coronet, Senior Coronet, with the addition of the words "State Guard Service" or "Carriage Service, respectively."

Similar ranks are available in the police and the State Fire Guard. In 1954, the rank of coronet was introduced in the Polish police as the youngest officer. In 1974, a class of coronets was formed in the police (corresponded to the class of military ranks of coronets). The ranks of junior coronet, coronet and senior coronet belonged to him. In 1985, 2 levels of ranks were formed in the coronet police class: junior coronets and senior coronets. The junior coronets included the ranks of the junior coronet and coronet, the senior coronets - the senior coronet, staff cornet and senior staff cornet.

Subsequently, the names of service ranks in the police and the State Fire Service began to differ from the names of military ranks. In 1990, the police class was changed to the class of postgraduate students of the police, the ranks of the coronets were canceled, and instead of them one rank was introduced - the post-graduate student of the police (which existed in the police in 1918-1939 and corresponded to the military rank of coronets). In 1995, the titles of junior graduate student, senior graduate student and staff graduate student were also introduced. In 1997, the rank of junior graduate student was assigned to the rank of sergeant, and was the eldest among them; and the title of subcommissioner was introduced into the class of graduate students as the oldest. In 2001, the rank of junior graduate student was returned to the class of graduate students, and the rank of subcommissioner was transferred to the junior officer ranks as the youngest.

Thus, currently in the police the military ranks of coronets correspond to the official ranks: junior graduate student, graduate student, senior graduate student, staff graduate student.

The same official ranks are available at the State Fire Guard. The class of official ranks of graduate students, both in the police and in the State Fire Guard, corresponds to the class of military ranks of senior subofficers.

In the police, the word “police” is added to these official ranks.

The rank of junior graduate student and graduate student in a number of other countries roughly corresponds to the special rank of ensign of the police (police) or ensign of the internal service; and the official ranks of the senior graduate student and staff graduate student - senior warrant officer of the police (police) or senior warrant officer of the internal service.

The post graduate class in Poland also exists in the Customs Service; it includes the rank of junior graduate student, graduate student and senior graduate student, with the addition of the words “Customs Service”. This class is similar to the service classes of coronets in other services.

• Charopka, Stanislaў. The Sta сlenne sistemy znakў adroznennya ў armіі ON (Belor.) // Actual problems in the study and teaching of social sciences: humanitarian. articles. - Vitebsk , 2012 .