Juey [1] ( 寿 永 эй jui , Long Life [2] ) is the motto of the reign of the Japanese emperor Antoku [1] [3] , used from 1182 to 1184 [1] [4] .
| Jui | |
|---|---|
| jap. 寿 永 | |
| Serial number | 110 |
| Seijitai | 壽 永 |
| Ruling emperor | Antoku |
| Duration | 1182-1184 years |
| Previous era | Eve |
| Next era | Genryaku |
During this era, the war of Tyra and Minamoto (1180–1185) continued. In the current situation of dual power, in the country immediately adjoined two systems of chronology. The Minamoto clan did not recognize the nengos of Evo and Jui and in 1177–1184 counted the years of Jisho , and from 1184 declared the nengo to Genryaku [5] . According to the calendar of the house of Tyra , the era of Jui lasted from 1182-1185, until the end of the war.
Content
Duration
Beginning and end of an era: [4] [6] [1]
- 27th day of the 5th moon of the 2nd year of Eva (according to the Julian calendar - June 29, 1182);
- 16th day of the 4th moon of the 3rd year of Jui (according to the Julian calendar - May 27, 1184).
Origin
The name Nengo was borrowed from the classical ancient Chinese composition of Shi Jing [4] : 「以 介 眉 寿 永 言 保 之 、 思 皇 多 祐」 [4] .
Events
Julian calendar dates
- 1182 year (1st year of Jui) - hunger continues in the country;
- August 14, 1183 (the 25th day of the 7th moon of the 2nd year of Jui) - the Tyra clan left the capital with Emperor Antoku and the Three Sacred Treasures [7] ;
- September 8, 1183 (the 20th day of the 8th moon of the 2nd year of Juan) - after fleeing the capital of Emperor Antoku, the monk Emperor Go-Shirakawa issued a decree on the transfer of power to his younger brother. After some time, the new emperor Go-Toba ascended the throne [8] ; in the Tale of the House of Tyra, on this occasion, it is noted: “Although it is said that two suns do not shine in the sky, and there are no two sovereigns in the country, now, due to the unrighteous Acts of Tyra, two emperors have appeared - one in the capital, the other is on the outskirts, in the outback ” [9] ;
- 1184 (2nd moon of the 3rd year of Jui) - the monk Emperor Go-Shirakawa sent a letter to the Tyra family demanding the return of the Three Sacred Treasures [10] :
Mr. Dainagon Tokitade Tyra.
It has been several years since the emperor, our supreme lord, left his halls and, to the great sorrow of the entire reigning house and perishing the whole country, wanders in distant lands and lands, and three sacred treasures, imperial regalia, are buried in the provincial wilderness on the island of Shikoku, by the southern seas.
Prince Shigehira is the greatest criminal to burn the Great Oriental Temple, Todaiji: at the insistence of the ruler of Kamakura Yoritomo, he is certainly subject to the death penalty. Separated from all his relatives, he is already a prisoner.
As a bird in a cage yearns for heaven, so he yearns for the distant island of Shikoku, thousands of ri from the capital; like a wild goose, lagging behind the pack on the way to his native lands, so he strives for you, beyond the clouds, for multilayer clouds. And therefore, we declare: if you return the three sacred regalia, have mercy on Prince Shigehiru. This is our august decree.
Given on the fourteenth day of the third moon of the 3rd year of Jui.
Recorded: Chief Kravchiy Naritada
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology [11] . In parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era, the name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese Gan-chi system is indicated . The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| 1st year of jui ( Water Tiger ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6th year of Jiso | |||||||||||||
| Julian calendar | February 5, 1182 | March 7th | 5th of April | 5 May | June 3rd | 3 July | August 1 | August 31 | September 30th | 29th of October | November 28 | 27th of December | |
| 2nd year of jui ( Water Rabbit ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 10th moon * (leap) | 11th moon | 12th moon |
| 7th year of Jiso | |||||||||||||
| Julian calendar | January 26, 1183 | 24 February | 26 March | April 24th | May, 23rd | 22nd of June | 21 July | August 20 | September 19th | October 18th | November 17th | December 16th | January 15, 1184 |
| 3rd year of jui ( Wooden Dragon ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| 8th year of Jiso | |||||||||||||
| Julian calendar | February 14, 1184 | March 14th | April 13th | 12 May | June 10th | July 10th | 8 August | September 7th | October 7th | November 5 | 5th of December | January 4, 1185 | |
| 3rd year of jui ( Wooden Dragon ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| 1st year Genryaku | |||||||||||||
| Julian calendar | February 14, 1184 | March 14th | April 13th | 12 May | June 10th | July 10th | 8 August | September 7th | October 7th | November 5 | 5th of December | January 4, 1185 | |
| 4th year of jui ( Wooden Snake ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| 2nd year of Genryaku | |||||||||||||
| Julian calendar | February 2, 1185 | March 4th | April 2 | May 2 | May 31 | June 29 | July 29 | August 27 | September 26th | the 25th of October | November 24th | December 24th |
- * An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 736.
- ↑ Tale of the House of Tyra, 1982 , Scroll of Sixth. 12. The Battle of Yokotagavar.
- ↑ East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355-358.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 （ニ ッ ポ ニ カ）』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponica Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
- ↑ 北 爪 真 佐夫 「元 号 と 武 家」 （初 出: 『札幌 学院 大学 人文 学会 紀要』 第 68 号 （2000 年 9 月） / 所 収: 北 爪 『文士 と 御 家人』 （青史 出 出 、 、 2002 年） 4-921145-13-2 ）
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database Archived July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute (Taiwan)
- ↑ Tale of the House of Tyra, 1982 , Seventh Scroll. 17. Tyra leave Fukuhara.
- ↑ Titsingh, 1834 , p. 206-207.
- ↑ Tale of the House of Tyra, 1982 , Scroll of Eighth. 2. Nator.
- ↑ Tale of the House of Tyra, 1982 , Scroll of the Tenth. 3. The August Message to Yashima.
- ↑ Bramsen, 1910 .
Literature
- History of Japan / Ed. A.E. Zhukova. - M .: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times until 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- Kamo no Choi . Notes from the cell = 方丈 記 / Per. with yap. N.I. Conrad . - 1921.
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - M .: Oriental literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 2010 .-- 806 p. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 . - S. 695-803.
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Motto of government // Description of Japanese manuscripts, xylographs and early printed books. Vol. I. - M .: Eastern literature , 1963 .-- 243 p. - S. 204-210.
- The Tale of the House of Tyra = 平 家 物語 / Transl. with yap. I. L. Lvov . - M. , 1982.
- Bramsen, William. Chronological tables // Japanese chronological tables, showing the date, according to the Julian or Gregorian calendar, of the first day of each Japanese month: from Tai-kwa 1st year to Mei-ji 6th year (645 AD to 1873 AD). With an introductory essay On Japanese chronology and calendars . - 1910. - P. 50-131.
- Titsingh, Isaac. Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.