Olenin, Peter Alekseevich (1794)

Born in the family of Alexei Nikolaevich Olenin and Elizabeth Markovna , nee Poltoratskaya . At the baptism that took place on December 28 in the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Sennaya , the recipients were Major General Ivan Fedorovich Dmitriev-Mamonov (1754-1812) and Agafokleia Aleksandrovna Poltoratskaya , a grandmother of a newborn.

From birth, like the elder Nikolai (1793-1812), the father was recorded in the Life Guards Semyonovsky Regiment , but with the reign of Emperor Paul, the brothers were excluded from the lists as “not present on call”. Olenin’s childhood passed in a parental mansion on Fontanka , as well as in a small family estate Priyutino , which served as a summer vacation destination for the family and their acquaintances from the capital: K. N. Batyushkova , P. A. Vyazemsky , A. S. Griboedov , V. A. Zhukovsky , N.I. Gnedich , I.A. Krylov . Fifteen-year-old Pyotr Alekseevich was also interested in writing: in 1809, the result of the author’s journey from the city house to the estate was the work “Thirteen Hours, or Priyutino” ^[3] .

Since 1807, Olenin has been in active military service: columned leader in the retinue of His Imperial Majesty along the quarter-master unit. April 25, 1809 transferred to the Life Guards Semenov Regiment with the rank of sword-warrant officer. Warrant Officer (9.03.1812). Pyotr Alekseevich was promoted to the first officer’s rank on the day of the campaign of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments from St. Petersburg to Vilna (03.03.1812), but the order for the regiment took place only on April 20 ^[3] . After the parade and maneuvers on May 29 and 31, the regiment was supposed to return, but on June 13, Emperor Alexander declared war on France and the regiment went to Sventsyany , where the infantry was gathering. Sending the “young sons” to the war , Alexei Nikolaevich handed them the admonition: “Be pious without hypocrisy, kind without unnecessary tenderness, firm without stubbornness; help your neighbor with all your strength, not indulging in selfishness, which only drowns out conscience, and does not soothe it. Be courageous, not persuasive, do not ask for anything, but never refuse if you are sent where, at least you saw the inevitable death before you, because, as the common people say, “there are no two deaths, but one cannot be avoided” . ” The Olenin brothers were transferred by their parents to the care of the battalion commander Colonel Maxim Ivanovich de Dam , as well as two serf uncles - Mikhail Karasev and Timofey Meshkov ^[3] . The colonel wrote to A. N. Olenin:

The brothers took part in the Battle of Borodino as part of the regiment. M.I. Muravyov-Apostol recalled that Peter, as an adjutant of the 2nd battalion, was on horseback and was wounded by a core flying near his head. After falling from a horse, "he was considered dead . " Prince Sergei Petrovich Trubetskoy , visiting the wounded, told his colleagues that the younger Olenin was only shell-shocked.

The wounded Peter "unconscious" was brought to Moscow by Colonel Dama, and Nikolai and Count Sergei Nikolaevich Tatishchev (son of Count N. A. Tatishchev ) were buried by servants. The latter wrote to Olenin: “Having traveled along the road with the bodies, we found the wounded Peter Alekseevich in the dressing room in the previous position. Upon our arrival in Mozhaisk, we found two coffins for Nikolai Alekseevich and G. Tatishchev, and the Priest, having buried them, buried them according to Christian duty. - In this case, there was Colonel Maxim Ivanovich, who was also wounded in the left arm with a light early wound. “He went with Peter Alekseevich to Moscow and his shore, as his son” ^[3] . For two days, Olenin did not recover, but gradually began to recover. K. N. Batyushkov wrote to Gnedich: “Venison will make you happy; he is much better; his memory is weak, but from bodily weakness, that is, from the whole body, and not from the brain, although the blow was to the head ^[3] . ”In 1813, during his illness, O. Kiprensky painted a portrait of Peter.

A month later ^[5] after the shell-shock, Peter Olenin returned to the army. In 1813, with the rank of second lieutenant, Olenin was an adjutant to Count P. A. Stroganov and participated in foreign campaigns of the Russian army . In 1814, Olenin was appointed adjutant to M.S. Vorontsov and, as part of the occupation corps, took part in the battle of Paris .

In 1819, in the rank of headquarters captain, Olenin was appointed adjutant P.P. Konovnitsyn . After the unrest in the Semyonovsky regiment and the order to unassociate him, Pyotr Alekseevich was transferred to the Life Guards Regiment on January 24, 1821. March 26, 1823 was dismissed "due to illness" with the rank of captain .

He again returned to service on January 9, 1824, with the rank of lieutenant colonel in the corps of railway engineers as an adjutant to the Duke Alexander Württemberg, Chief of Railways . In 1830 he was appointed commander of the brigade of military workers of the battalion of communications , however, Olenin increasingly thought about resigning and turned to his father for advice, who wrote on July 8, 1832, that “we do not require you to remain in the service, but you wished I’d just want you to achieve the rank of general not out of vanity, but out of your own, in our opinion, benefit ” ^[2] . Without heeding his father’s words, in January 1833 Olenin resigned with the uniform and rank of major general .

The rest of his life he spent mainly in the Tver province in his estate Mashuk, which he built by the fall of 1835 on the lands donated by his father-in-law, and named after his wife. Only occasionally did the Olenin family briefly go to St. Petersburg or Moscow or visit with numerous relatives.

He died on August 22, 1868 in the village of Prutne.

Like his younger brother Alexei , P. A. Olenin had the ability to draw and was a good portrait painter. Of his works, the most famous is the portrait of Krylov, executed in 1824 and now stored in the State Russian Museum ^[6] . The engraving made by I.P. Friedrich on the basis of this pastel was printed in the edition of fables of 1825. In the same year, September 16, the Council of the Academy of Arts accepted Olenin into the “appointed”. September 21, 1827 became an honorary free-lance ^[1] . He also created portraits of A. N. Olenin, Gnedich, General P. P. Konovnitsyn , Pushkin , ballerina A. I. Istomina , composer K. Kavos .

In January 1831 in Mitin, Peter Alekseevich married his second cousin, Maria Sergeyevna Lvova (1810-1899), the daughter of the Novotorzh district leader of the nobility, Sergei Dmitrievich Lvov and Tatyana Petrovna Poltoratskaya. A relative of the Olenins, F.P. Poltoratskaya, wrote to the bride:

According to a contemporary, Maria Sergeyevna “all consisted of affability and affection; her conversation, all her movements were full of softness, meekness and love. She was rich in common sense, development and children. But her main wealth was a heart in which there was an abyss of love for all ” ^[7] . According to the recollections of the great-granddaughter of the Olenins, Maria Sergeyevna “raised her children in severity, in a simple rural setting without any luxury and excess”, she “loved Glinka’s songs very much, loved “ Eugene Onegin ” and knew many passages from him by heart, from somewhere she got numbers Herzen's "Bell" , but at the same time she loved to laugh at the adventures of "Madame Kurdyukova . " She never sat idly by, her favorite activity was embroidery on the embroidery frame, she embroidered “air”, shirts and donated them to numerous monasteries and churches ” ^[8] . Married born:

• Elizaveta (1832-1919 / 1922) - the bride of Jamaluddin , married in his first marriage to Alexander Alexandrovich Dmitriev-Mamonov (1829-1875), son of A. I. Dmitriev-Mamonov , in the second - Baron Roman Alexandrovich Engelhardt ;
• Alexey (1833-1910) - vowel of the Ryazan provincial zemstvo assembly, director of the Moscow Stroganov art school , married to Varvara Aleksandrovna Bakunina (1838-1894), daughter of A.P. Bakunin . Their children: Alexander , Peter , Barbara, Maria ;
• Sergei (1834-1895) - second lieutenant, married to Anna Mikhailovna Blagovo, in his second marriage Al (b) Yanchikova. They have sons: Sergey and Peter ;
• Tatyana (1836–1922) - since 1858, married to State Counselor Alexander Petrovich Balavensky (1827–1906);
• Nicholas (1838-1899) - Actual State Councilor, Tver leader of the nobility; married to Vera Apollonovna Uvarova (1844-1907), sister of S. A. Uvarov ;
• Eugene (1843 — circa 1887).

• Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with a bow;
• Order of St. Anne of the 3rd degree;
• Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree;
• silver medal "In memory of the Patriotic War of 1812" .

• Russian Biographical Dictionary : In 25 volumes / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov . - SPb. , 1896-1918. - T. 12. - S. 224.

• about P. A. Olenin
• Olenin, Peter Alekseevich, Major General (Neopr.) . On the website of the International Military Historical Association .
• ShitkovA.V. Staritsky noble generals in the Patriotic War of 1812. (Neopr.) On the site "Staritsa-Volga" .