The Republic of Tajikistan, after the end of the civil war and the post-conflict reconstruction of the infrastructure of state and economic activity, began to attract foreign investment for the implementation of three strategic objectives of the country's development: energy independence, rehabilitation of communications and the country's access to the external market, and food security. At the beginning of the 21st century, with the participation of Russia, China and Iran, the implementation of the following investment projects in Tajikistan began:
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Tajikistan and China
In June 2006 in Shanghai, during the visit of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan E. Rahmon to the PRC , an agreement was signed between the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the PRC on financing three projects in Tajikistan for a total of $ 603.5 million:
- rehabilitation of the Dushanbe - Aini - Istaravshan - Khujand - Buston - Chanak automobile road (border with Uzbekistan ), 411 km long (including the construction of the Shakhristan tunnel) [1] ;
- construction of a high-voltage power transmission line of the South-North power transmission line (power transmission line-500 kW) with a length of 350 km;
- construction of a high-voltage power line of the Lolazor-Khatlon power transmission line (power transmission line-220 kW).
The total cost of the projects is $ 640 million, of which $ 603.5 million is the share of China , the remaining $ 36.5 million is the share of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan .
These projects were successfully implemented during 2006 - 2011 .
Shahristan Tunnel
The tunnel under the Shahristan pass is located on the 180th km of the Dushanbe - Khujand highway. The tunnel construction project was one of the components of the Dushanbe - Chanak automobile road reconstruction project ( Uzbekistan ).
The length of the tunnel will be 5253 meters. The project cost is 175 million somoni. The construction was started on August 22, 2006 , and completed on October 27, 2012 . The general contractor of the project is the Chinese company ChainaRoad ( China ).
The tunnel was commissioned on October 27, 2012 [2] . [3]
Tajikistan and Russia
Sangtuda Hydroelectric Power Station-1
A fruitful example of cooperation is the joint Tajik-Russian project for the construction of the Sangtuda HPS-1 .
In February 2005 , the Sangtuda HES-1 OJSC was established by the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Tatarstan together with the Russian holding company INTER RAO UES.
The total cost of the Sangtuda-1 project amounted to $ 482 million, 75% of the shares belong to RAO UES of Russia and 25% to the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan .
The design capacity of the Sangtuda HPS-1 is 670 MW, the annual electricity production is 2.7 billion kWh / year.
The commissioning in 2009 of the Sangtuda HPS-1 was a demonstration of political will, mutual understanding and implementation of the obligations undertaken by the Russian Federation .
Tajikistan and Iran
Sangtuda Hydroelectric Power Station-2
A manifestation of cooperation with Iran was its large-scale participation in the construction of Sangtuda-2
Together with Tajikistan, this project began to be implemented in 2005. The total cost of the Sangtuda-2 project was $ 220 million. Iran invested $ 180 million in it, and Tajikistan contributed $ 40 million.
The construction of the Sangtuda HPS-2 officially began on February 20, 2006 . In September 2011 , the first unit of the Sangtudinskaya HPP-2 was commissioned. The second unit is scheduled to be commissioned in the spring of 2013 ) [4] . According to the project, the production capacity of the first phase of Sangtuda-2 is 110 MW. In September 2013 , the second unit of the Sangtudinskaya HPP-2, with a capacity of 110 MW, was put into operation in test mode. In September 2014 , a second 110 MW unit was launched. After full commissioning, Sangtudinskaya HPP-2 is capable of generating up to 1 billion kW / h of electricity, or 220 MW. [5] After commissioning for 12.5 years, Sangtuda-2 will be considered the property of Iran, after which it will become the property of Tajikistan. The design capacity of the station is 220 MW.
Tajikistan and ADB
Reconstruction of the Ayni β Penjikent β Uzbekistan border
An agreement was reached on the reconstruction of the Ayni - Penjikent - Uzbekistan border. The total cost of this project is $ 136 million. In addition to the Asian Development Bank , the Tajik government allocates $ 22 million for the project and the OPEC Fund for International Development - a loan of $ 14 million. Completion of the project is expected in 2016. The Ayni β Penjikent β Uzbekistan border road, 113 kilometers long, is part of the ancient Silk Road . It passes along the Zeravshan River through the Zeravshan Valley ( Aini and Penjikent districts) and reaches the border with Uzbekistan [6] .
Sangtuda-Puli-Khumri power transmission line ( Afghanistan )
In Tajikistan, on October 27, 2011, the official ceremony of launching the 220 kV Sangtuda-Puli Khumri transmission line (OHL) took place, which will allow exporting Tajik electricity to the northern provinces of Afghanistan.
The commissioning of this major regional project, besides the fact that it will be another step in the development of the Tajik energy sector, the power transmission line will provide an opportunity in the summer to export electricity from Tajikistan to Afghanistan and will help reduce electricity losses in Tajikistan. The length of the Tajik section of the 220 kW Sangtuda-Puli Khumri power transmission line is 118 km (across Tajikistan), and the section along Afghan territory is 163 km [7] . It is assumed that the Sangtuda-Puli Khumri power transmission line project will allow Tajikistan to export up to 300 megawatts of excess electricity to Afghanistan annually in the summer. The electricity generated by the Sangtuda-2 hydroelectric power station (a joint project of Tajikistan and Iran ) will be supplied to Afghanistan . The construction of the Sangtuda-Puli Khumri power transmission line was started in 2009 under a soft loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in the amount of $ 21.5 million for Tajikistan and $ 35 million for Afghanistan) [8] .
Reconstruction of the Dushanbe - Tursunzade - Uzbekistan border
The official ceremony of the beginning of the reconstruction of the Dushanbe - Tursunzade highway - the border with Uzbekistan took place on November 7, 2011 . The general contractor of the project is the Chinese company China Road. In total, $ 131.3 million was allocated for the reconstruction of this road, of which $ 120 million is a grant from the Asian Development Bank and $ 11.3 million is a contribution from the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Dushanbe Highway - the border with Uzbekistan is part of the third corridor under the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) program. This corridor extends for almost 7 thousand km from Russia in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south. [9] .
Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan Railway Construction
The memorandum on the Turkmenistan - Afghanistan - Tajikistan railway construction project was signed on March 20, 2013 in Ashgabat during a trilateral meeting of the presidents of the three countries who arrived in the Turkmen capital to celebrate Navruz . The Tajik government turned to the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to take on the role of the main coordinator of the construction of this road. ADB has taken on a role in the project to build this railway and will provide assistance not only to Tajikistan, but also to Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. The connection of Tajikistan with Turkmenistan through the territory of Afghanistan will allow Tajikistan to avoid transport dependence on Uzbekistan and provide access to the CIS railway network and the Caspian Sea , as well as to the Persian Gulf in the long run. [10] .
Complex of textile factories
On December 19, 2014, the construction of a textile production complex began. It will unite four factories at once. In 2015, the largest enterprise in Central Asia will be built to process cotton from raw materials to finished products. The plant will provide jobs for about 6 thousand people. The complex is planned to be fully commissioned only in two years. Tajikistan and China are participating in the implementation of this project. [eleven]
Notes
- β Dushanbe-Khujand highway is open for travel | Tajikistan News-Asia Plus News
- β The delivery of the Shakhristan tunnel was again postponed for a month // Asia-Plus / No. 73 (760), September 27. 2012
- β E. Rahmon opened the Shahristan tunnel and stated that Tajikistan is breaking the communication deadlock (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment January 1, 2015. Archived October 11, 2017.
- β In the coming days, Sangtuda-2 will begin to generate electricity | Tajikistan News-Asia Plus News
- β The second unit of the Sangtuda hydroelectric station-2 will work in the presence of the presidents of Tajikistan and Iran Archived on December 29, 2014.
- β Construction of Ayni-Penjikent-Uzbekistan border road starts in October | Tajikistan News-Asia Plus News
- β The official launch of the Sangtuda-Puli Khumri power transmission line will take place tomorrow | Tajikistan News-Asia Plus News
- β Sangtuda-Puli Khumri power transmission line officially commissioned in Tajikistan | Tajikistan News-Asia Plus News
- β Reconstruction of the Dushanbe-Tursunzade-Uzbekistan border completed
- β Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan still have not decided on the route of the future railway
- β The head of Tajikistan launched the construction of a textile factory. News / Economics. World 24.tv Archived January 1, 2015.