Artillery General - military rank and rank in the Russian Empire and some other countries.
Western Europe
The military rank of a number of European armies, derived from the post of general-feldzeichmeister : in the imperial army was called the feldzeichmeister . Later the title appeared in other European countries.
Germany
βGeneral from artilleryβ
(Army, Ground Forces)
The general from artillery ( German: General der Artillerie ) is the military rank of the general staff in the Armed Forces of Germany ( Wehrmacht ).
In the Wehrmacht, the rank of general from artillery was in seniority between lieutenant general and colonel general .
It is more correct to call this rank β general of the kind of troops β, because it was equated with the ranks , that is, the military rank of a certain military post:
- Heer
- Artillery General ( German: General der Artillerier )
- General from Infantry ( German: General der Infantrie )
- General of the Mountain Forces ( German: General der Gebirgstruppe )
- General from the cavalry ( German: General der Kavallerie )
- General of the Signal Corps ( German: General der Nachrichtentruppe )
- General of Engineering Troops ( German: General der Pioniertruppe )
- General ober headquarters ( German: Generaloberstabsarzt )
- Luftwaffe
- General of the parachute troops ( German: General der Fallschirmtruppe )
- General anti-aircraft troops ( German: General der Flakartillerie )
- General of Aviation ( German: General der Flieger )
- General of the Aviation Liaison Force
- General Luftwaffe ( German: General der Luftwaffe )
In the Third Reich, the rank of artillery general stood below the ranks of Field Marshal and Colonel General and above Lieutenant General . The German artillery general usually commanded an army corps or military district.
- Famous German artillery generals
- Andre, Alexander ( German: Alexander Andrae )
- Lemelsen, Joachim ( German: Joachim Lemelsen )
- Farmbacher, Wilhelm ( German: Wilhelm Fahrmbacher )
Russia
The rite was introduced by Peter I. The first general in the history of Russia , feldzeichmeister - Alexander Archilovich Imeretinsky (1699).
The highest general rank in artillery as a branch of the Russian army. The head of the Russian artillery was called the General-Feldzeichmeister .
Upon the accession to the throne of Emperor Paul I in 1796, the title / post of General-Feldzeichmeister was abolished and replaced with the post of inspector of all artillery. This position in the same 1796 was taken by P.I. Melissino , who received the rank of general from artillery (November 29, 1796), which corresponded to the second grade of the Table of Ranks.
The artillery general could ex officio be the inspector general of artillery, the commander of the military district , lead large military formations ( corps ) and associations ( army , front ).
In the territory of the Petrograd Military District, the rank ceased to exist on December 3 ( 16 ), 1917 on the basis of an order in the district [2] .
In the army units in the rest of the territory of the Russian Republic, controlled by the Council of People's Commissars , the rank ceased to exist on December 17 ( 30 ), 1917 - the date of entry into force of the Decree on the Equation of All Military Personnel in Rights adopted by the Council of People's Commissars [3] .
In the modern sense, Colonel General (in 1940-1984, the rank of Colonel General of Artillery existed in the Red Army and the Soviet Army).
Artillery Generals List
Before the name is the year of production in the rank, after the name - years of life.
- 1796 - Wolf, Karl Ivanovich von (d. 1798)
- 1796 - Zubov, Platon Aleksandrovich (1767-1822)
- 1796 - Melissino, Peter Ivanovich (1726-1797)
- 1797 - Brigman, Grigory Petrovich (1740-?)
- 1797 - Mertens, Ivan Fedorovich (?)
- 1800 - Korsakov, Alexei Ivanovich (1751-1821)
- 1807 - Arakcheev, Alexey Andreevich (1769-1834)
- 1814 - Meller-Zakomelsky, Peter Ivanovich (1755-1823)
- 1819 - Yashville, Lev Mikhailovich (1768-1836)
- 1829 - Ignatiev, Gabriel Alexandrovich (1768-1852)
- 1829 - Levenstern, Karl Fedorovich (1771-1840)
- 1830 - Gauke, Mauritius Fedorovich (1773-1830)
- 1834 - Gogel, Ivan G. (1773-1834)
- 1834 - Sukhozanet, Ivan Onufrievich (1788-1861)
- 1834 - Euler, Alexander Khristoforovich (1773-1849)
- 1837 - August, Prince of Prussia (1779-1848)
- 1837 - Ermolov, Alexei Petrovich (1777-1861)
- 1841 - Staden, Evstafy Evstafievich (1774-1845)
- 1841 - Shulman, Fedor Maximovich (1773-1845)
- 1843 - Gershtenzweig, Daniil Alexandrovich (1790-1848)
- 1843 - Gilleschmidt, Yakov Yakovlevich (1782-1852)
- 1843 - Gorchakov, Mikhail Dmitrievich (1792-1861)
- 1843 - Zakharzhevsky, Yakov Vasilievich (1780-1865)
- 1845 - Kosen, Peter Andreevich (1776-1853)
- 1851 - Arnoldi, Ivan Karlovich (1780-1860)
- 1851 - Korf, Nikolai Ivanovich (1793-1869)
- 1851 - Sumarokov, Sergey Pavlovich (1791-1875)
- 1852 - Bibikov, Ilya Gavrilovich (1794-1867)
- 1852 - Glinka, Vladimir Andreevich (1790-1862)
- 1852 - Primo, Dmitry Pavlovich (1774-1859)
- 1852 - Sukhozanet, Nikolai Onufrievich (1794-1871)
- 1854 - Adalbert Heinrich Wilhelm, Prince of Prussia (1811-1873)
- 1854 - Karl, Prince of Prussia (1801-1883)
- 1856 - Stroganov Alexander Grigorievich (1795-1891)
- 1859 - Bezak, Alexander Pavlovich (1801-1868)
- 1859 - Stakhovich, Parmen Ivanovich (1792-1861)
- 1859 - Philosophers, Alexei Illarionovich (1799-1874)
- 1860 - Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich (1832-1909) [4]
- 1861 - George Georgievich, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitzky (1823-1876)
- 1861 - Dyadin, Alexey Vasilievich (1791-1864)
- 1861 - Korsakov, Vasily Dmitrievich (1788-1870)
- 1861 - Koshkin, Philip Gerasimovich (?)
- 1861 - Lingen, Alexander Ivanovich (?)
- 1861 - Lovtsov, Nikolai Petrovich (?)
- 1861 - Merhelevich, Sigismund Venediktovich (1800β1872)
- 1861 - Staden, Ivan Evstafyevich (1803-1871)
- 1862 - Sobolev, Mikhail Ivanovich (1788-1866)
- 1862 - Khalansky, Vasily Ivanovich (?)
- 1864 - Waltz, Alexander Ivanovich (1790-1864)
- 1864 - Medem, Nikolai Vasilievich (1796-1870)
- 1865 - Wrangel, Roman Egorovich (1797-1884)
- 1865 - Yakovlev, Grigory Kuzmich (1801-1872)
- 1866 - Brimmer, Eduard Vladimirovich (1797-1874)
- 1866 - Knorring, Roman Ivanovich (1812-1876)
- 1867 - William, Archduke of Austria (1827β1894)
- 1867 - Maykov, Mikhail Apollonovich (1799-1881)
- 1868 - Barantsov, Alexander Alekseevich (1810-1882)
- 1868 - Lutkovsky, Ivan Sergeevich (1825-1888)
- 1868 - Schwartz, Vladimir Maksimovich (1808-1872)
- 1869 - Drake, Ludwig Ivanovich (1803-1883)
- 1869 - Kryzhanovsky, Nikolai Andreevich (1818-1888)
- 1869 - Mitton, Roman Romanovich (1801-1890)
- 1869 - Popov, Nikolai Gerasimovich (1802-1893)
- 1869 - Stackelberg, Ernest Gustavovich (1814-1870)
- 1869 - Yafimovich, Nikolai Matveyevich (1804-1874)
- 1870 - Novitsky, Georgy Vasilievich (1800-1877)
- 1870 - Rosen, Ivan Fedorovich (1797-1872)
- 1871 - Rezvoy, Orest Pavlovich (1811-1904)
- 1876 ββ- Segerkranz, Robert Fedorovich (1808-1879)
- 1877 - Gagman, Eduard Fedorovich (1807-1880)
- 1877 - Yafimovich, Vladimir Matveevich (1809-1888)
- 1878 - Alopeus, Jacob Samoilovich (1881-1882)
- 1878 - Ignatiev, Andrei Gavrilovich (1802-1879)
- 1878 - Kostanda, Apostle Spiridonovich (1817-1898)
- 1878 - Masalsky, Nikolai Fedorovich (1812-1880)
- 1879 - Fadeev, Alexander Alexandrovich (1811-1898)
- 1880 - Ivanov, David Borisovich (?)
- 1881 - Nemchinov, Alexander Petrovich (1813-1889)
- 1881 - Opochinin, Alexei Petrovich (1807-1885)
- 1882 - Baumgart, Nikolai Andreevich (1814-1893)
- 1882 - Voronov, Pavel Alekseevich (1812-1894)
- 1882 - Forsellez, Eduard Fedorovich (1817-1891)
- 1883 - Vatatsi, Alexander Ivanovich (1810-1886)
- 1883 - Zhukovsky, Mikhail Mikhailovich (1821-1907)
- 1883 - Mordvinov, Dmitry Sergeevich (1820-1894)
- 1883 - Obolensky, Alexey Vasilievich (1819-1884)
- 1883 - Platov, Alexander Stepanovich (1817-1891)
- 1883 - Stolypin, Arkady Dmitrievich (1821-1899)
- 1884 - Baranov, Alexander Ivanovich (1821-1888)
- 1884 - Klodt von Jurgensburg, Vladimir Karlovich (1803-1887)
- 1886 [5] - Gershau, Alexander Petrovich (1825-1904)
- 1886 - Filimonov, Vasily Semenovich (1817-1891)
- 1887 - Lishin, Grigory Nikolaevich (1818-1898)
- 1887 - Sofiano, Leonid Petrovich (1820-1898)
- 1888 - Neyelov, Alexander Petrovich (?)
- 1888 - Spadier, Vasily Ivanovich (1815-1890)
- 1889 - Mayevsky, Nikolai Vladimirovich (1823-1892)
- 1889 - Molostvov, German Vladimirovich (1827-1894)
- 1890 - Gadolin, Axel Wilhelmovich (1828-1892)
- 1890 - Kokhanov, Ivan Semenovich (1825-1909)
- 1890 - Friede, Alexander Yakovlevich (1823-1894)
- 1890 - Staden, Nikolai Evstafievich (1815-1892)
- 1891 - Bashilov, Peter Alexandrovich (1819-1908)
- 1891 - Svistunov, Alexander Pavlovich (1830-1893)
- 1892 - Kilhen, Sergey Alekseevich (1825-1902)
- 1892 - Klevetsky, Alexander Zakharyevich (1826-1902)
- 1892 - Sokhansky, Georgy Dmitrievich (1826-1892)
- 1892 - Starynkevich, Sokrat Ivanovich (1820-1902)
- 1892 - Chebyshev, Vladimir Lvovich (1832-1905)
- 1893 - Pestich, Filimon Vasilievich (1821-1894)
- 1894 - Levashov, Vladimir Vasilievich (1834-1896)
- 1894 - Ovander, Yakov Ivanovich (1827-1898)
- 1894 - Poluboyarinov, Porfiry Nikolaevich (1824-1908)
- 1895 - Agafonov, Pyotr Petrovich (1823-1898)
- 1895 - Graff, Nikolai Gendrievich (1826-1904)
- 1895 - Kalachov, Arkady Ivanovich (1821-1898)
- 1896 - Barsov, Alexander Andreevich (1823-1908)
- 1896 - Grumm-Grzhimailo, Peter Moiseevich (1824-1897)
- 1896 - Diterichs, Fedor Karlovich (1831-1899)
- 1896 - Lalaev, Matvey Stepanovich (1828-1912)
- 1896 - Unkovsky, Sergey Semenovich (1829-1904)
- 1896 - Egerstrom, Nikolai Fedorovich (1831-1917)
- 1898 - Adamovich, Leonid Efremovich (1832-1911)
- 1898 - Demyanenkov, Nikolai Afanasevich (1830-1907)
- 1898 - Zavadovsky, Joseph Ivanovich (1836-1898)
- 1898 - Kaminsky, Stanislav Klementievich (1841-1899)
- 1898 - Kulstrem, Fedor Lavrentievich (1825-1906)
- 1898 - Svinin, Alexander Dmitrievich (1831-1913)
- 1899 - Anosov, Alexey Vasilievich (1822-1906)
- 1899 - Boltenkov, Ivan Grigorievich (1827-1915)
- 1899 - Govorukha-Otrok, Alexander Nikolaevich (1829 β N / A 1909)
- 1899 - Kobylinsky, Stepan Osipovich (1827β?)
- 1899 - Korochentsov, Alexey Petrovich (1832-1904)
- 1899 - Lesovoy, Ivan Martynovich (1835β?)
- 1899 - Plazovsky, Anton Nikolaevich (1831-1917)
- 1899 - Smagin, Alexey Andreevich (1829-1901)
- 1900 - Gilchen, Eduard Vikentyevich (1831-1914)
- 1900 - Kryzhanovsky, Pavel Andreevich (1831 β N / A 1917)
- 1900 - Postovsky, Ivan Konstantinovich (1828β?)
- 1900 - Rubets, Ivan Pavlovich (1834-1900)
- 1900 - Savrimovich, Anton Osipovich (1834β?)
- 1900 - Sivers, Mikhail Alexandrovich (1834β1915)
- 1900 [6] - Taube, Maxim Antonovich (1826-1910)
- 1900 - Fedorov, Nikolai Pavlovich (1835-1912)
- 1901 - Martyushev, Vladimir Konstantinovich (1836-1905)
- 1901 - Nechaev, Victor Vasilievich (1822-1913)
- 1902 - Druzhinin, Yakov Alexandrovich (general) (1830-1902)
- 1902 - Kanishchev, Sergey Stepanovich (1836-1905)
- 1902 - Kokorin, Mikhail Ivanovich (1839-1906)
- 1902 - Mishchenko, Nikolai Nikolaevich (1838β?)
- 1902 - Onoprienko, Vladimir Vasilievich (1838-1902)
- 1903 - Volkovitsky, Victor Mikhailovich (1834-1911)
- 1903 - Lontkevich, Ludvik Justinovich (1840β?)
- 1903 - Prebybyano, Konstantin Pavlovich (1840-1905)
- 1903 - Friede, Vasily Yakovlevich (1840-1912)
- 1903 - Tsilliakus, Vasily Vladimirovich (1840-1915)
- 1903 - Chagin, Nikolai Ivanovich (1831-1915)
- 1903 - Shepelev, Alexander Dmitrievich (1829-1915)
- 1904 - Hoffman, Dmitry Antonovich (1828-1907)
- 1904 - Soltanov, Pavel Alekseevich (1839-1915)
- 1905 - Albedil, Fedor Konstantinovich (1836-1914)
- 1905 - Golmdorf, Nikolai Gustavovich (1841-1915)
- 1905 - Levanevsky, Alexander Alexandrovich (1842-1921)
- 1905 - Orel, Joseph Andreevich (1841-1908)
- 1905 - Reshetin, Nikolai Lavrentievich (1842-1914)
- 1905 - Stogov, Evgraf Evgrafovich (1842 β n / a 1917)
- 1906 - Alekseev, Pavel Alexandrovich (1836-1906)
- 1906 - Altfater, Mikhail Egorovich (1840-1918)
- 1906 - Baranovsky, Mikhail Nikolaevich (1847-1912)
- 1906 - Bobrikov, Eleazar Stepanovich (1843β?)
- 1906 - Boyer, Vladimir Alexandrovich (1844β?)
- 1906 - Buddha, Alexander Emmanuilovich (1833-1915)
- 1906 - Valevachev, Stepan Prokopyevich (1842-1915)
- 1906 - Vorotnikov, Mark Semyonovich (1843-1917)
- 1906 - Hoffmann, Dmitry Antonovich (1828-1907)
- 1906 - Zavadsky, Alexander Ignatievich (1838-1916)
- 1906 - Kakhanov, Ivan Vasilievich (1845β?)
- 1906 β ΠΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎ, ΠΡΡΡ ΠΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1843β1913)
- 1906 β ΠΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΈΠ» ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1842βΠ½/Ρ 1917)
- 1906 β ΠΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π³, ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΈΠ» ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1836β1911)
- 1906 β ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1837βΠ½/Ρ 1917)
- 1906 β ΠΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΈΠ» Π€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1843β1920)
- 1906 β ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1844β1911)
- 1906 β Π‘Π΅ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉ Π‘Π΅ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1831β1906)
- 1906 β Π’ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1845βΠ½/Ρ 1917)
- 1906 β Π’ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ½, ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1846β1914)
- 1906 β Π’ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1835βΠ½/Ρ 1917)
- 1906 β Π£ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1841β1913)
- 1906 β Π₯Π»Π΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1836β1915)
- 1906 β Π¨Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1843β?)
- 1906 β Π―ΡΠΊΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ²ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1839β1919)
- 1907 β ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1842βΠ½/Ρ 1911)
- 1907 β ΠΡΠΊ, ΠΠ°ΡΠ» ΠΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1847β1910)
- 1907 β ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠΉ, ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ³Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1844β?)
- 1907 β ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1843β1915)
- 1907 β ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ Π’ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1845β?)
- 1907 β ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π€Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1839β1914)
- 1907 β Π‘ΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π², ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1843βΠ½/Ρ 1917)
- 1907 β Π‘ΡΡΠ΄Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1843β1907)
- 1907β1908, 1911 [7] β ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Π², Π’ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1843β1915)
- 1908 β ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ Π ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1844β1918)
- 1908 β ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1851β1919)
- 1908 β ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1845β?)
- 1908 β ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΡΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1848β?)
- 1908 β ΠΠ°Π½Π³Π΅, ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π» ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1846β?)
- 1908 β Π€Π°Π½-Π΄Π΅Ρ-Π€Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1844β1933)
- 1908 β Π₯ΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ΅Π², ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1836β1917)
- 1908 β Π₯ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1844β1909)
- 1908 β Π¦Π²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1844β?)
- 1908 β Π¨ΠΏΠΈΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ³, Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π² ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1841β1909)
- 1909 β ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1840β1912)
- 1909 β ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π²-Π ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1835β1910)
- 1909 β ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1850β1909)
- 1909 β Π Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ Π―ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1838β1913)
- 1910 β ΠΡΠ΄Π°Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1851βΠ½/Ρ 1917)
- 1910 β ΠΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΈΡΡ, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1847-?)
- 1910 β ΠΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1842β1914)
- 1910 β ΠΠ²ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1847β1912)
- 1910 β ΠΠ°Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1846β1914)
- 1910 β ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠΏΠ΅Π½, ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π» ΠΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1846β1911)
- 1910 β ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ°Π²Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1841β1917)
- 1910 β ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π») (1848β1922)
- 1910 β ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1844-?)
- 1910 β Π‘ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1850-Π½/Ρ 1917)
- 1910 β Π£ΡΠΊΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1845β1913)
- 1910 β Π₯Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π» ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1845-?)
- 1911 β ΠΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1848-Π½/Ρ 1917)
- 1911 β ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1854β1913)
- 1911 β ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½, ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1852-ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 1918)
- 1911 β ΠΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1837β1916)
- 1911 β ΠΡΠ±ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1848-Π½/Ρ 1917)
- 1911 β ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π» ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1853β1918)
- 1911 β Π¨ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1835-1915)
- 1912 β ΠΠ°Π»Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ², ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1845-?)
- 1912 β ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ³Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1842β1916)
- 1912 β ΠΡΠ·ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½-ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π²Π°Π΅Π², ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1856β1950)
- 1912 β ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΡΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1855β1940)
- 1912 β ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΠ΅ΡΡ Π€ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1851-?)
- 1912 β Π ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1844βΠ½/Ρ 1917)
- 1913 β ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1852β?)
- 1913 β ΠΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π², ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1838β1914)
- 1913 β ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ Π’ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1847β?)
- 1913 β ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1860β1940)
- 1913 β ΠΠ΅Π²Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1850-?)
- 1913 β ΠΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΠ΅ΡΡ Π€Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1850-?)
- 1913 β Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ½, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1849β1924)
- 1913 β Π‘ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1848βΠ½/Ρ 1917)
- 1913 β Π’Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΈΠ» ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1839βΠ½/Ρ 1917)
- 1913 β Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ Π’ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1850β1932)
- 1914 [8] β ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π², ΠΡΠΈΡ Π₯Π°Π½ Π‘ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ (1855β1920)
- 1914 β ΠΡΠ»Π³Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π» ΠΠ»ΡΠΈΡ (1856β1932)
- 1914 β Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Ρ Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1869β1918)
- 1914 β ΠΡΠΌΠ°Π½, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1852β1931)
- 1914 β ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΈΠ» ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1842β1914)
- 1914 β ΠΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠΈΠ½Π³, ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1854β1920)
- 1914 β ΠΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1857β1934)
- 1914 β Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π΅Π², ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1853-?)
- 1914 β Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1850-?)
- 1914 β Π’Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1852β1915)
- 1914 β Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1855β1917)
- 1915 β ΠΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΡΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1851-?)
- 1915 β ΠΡΠ½, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1846β1916)
- 1915 β ΠΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΠ², Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ-Π±Π΅ΠΊ Π‘Π°Π΄ΡΠΊ-Π±Π΅ΠΊ-ΠΎΠ³Π»Ρ (1855β1931)
- 1915 β Π₯ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1851β1933)
- 1915 β Π¨Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1849β1920)
- 1915 β Π¨Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π΅Π², ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1845β1916)
- 1915 β Π―ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π², ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1852β1922)
- 1916 β ΠΡΠ°Π±Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1854β1918)
- 1916 β ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΈΠ» ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1857β1921)
- 1916 β ΠΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ»ΡΠΈΡ (1857-?)
- 1916 β ΠΡΠΆΠ΅Ρ, ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΈΠ» ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1847-?)
- 1916 β ΠΠ°ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1855-?)
- 1916 β ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½, ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1855-?)
- 1916 β ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1866β1916)
- 1916 β ΠΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1865β1920)
- 1916 β ΠΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1860-Π½/Ρ 1920)
- 1916 β ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π» ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1857β1938)
- 1916 β Π‘ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π») (1842β1916)
- 1917 β ΠΠ°Π³Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, ΠΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1862β1933)
- 1917 β ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π², Π€ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1850β1926)
- 1917 β ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ-ΠΠ²Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1861β1932)
- 1917 β ΠΠΎΡ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1854-?)
- 1917 β ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ-ΠΠ΅ΠΉΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½, Π€ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1859β1927)
- 1917 β ΠΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1845β1917)
- 1917 β ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΅Π², ΠΠ°Ρ Π°Ρ ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1858β1935)
- 1917 β ΠΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΡΠ·ΡΠΌΠ° ΠΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1856β1931)
- 1917 β ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΈΠ» ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ (1854β1917)
- 1917 β Π’ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1854β1916)
Notes
- β Fig. 2148. ΠΠ±Π΅Ρ-ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π» ΠΠ²Π°ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, 1808-1809 // ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΠΊ, Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ : Π² 30 Ρ., Π² 60 ΠΊΠ½. / Ed. A.V. Viskovatova . β Π’. 16.
- β ΠΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π· ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Ρ. Π Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ // Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π° 1917β1918 Π³Π³.. β Π. : Π£ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° Π‘Π‘Π‘Π , 1942. β Π‘. 64.
- β ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ // ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ: ΡΠ±. doc / ΠΠ½-Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°-Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π¦Π ΠΠΠ‘Π‘; Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR: [multivolume ed.]. - M .: Politizdat, 1957-1997. - T. 1: October 25, 1917 - March 16, 1918 / preparation. S.N. Valk et al . β Π‘. 242β243 . - ISBN 5-250-00390-7 . (ISBN Ρ. 1 ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ: ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ: [ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΊ]. Π., 1957β1997.)
- β Π‘ 1878 Π³. β Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»-ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π».
- β Π 1892 Π³. ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
- β ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°Π²Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ.
- β ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ.
- β ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ.
See also
- ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π