Liu Zhang ( Chinese trad. 劉璋 , Ex . 刘璋 ), adult name Jiyu ( Chinese 玉 ) is a military and political leader of the period of the end of the Han dynasty .
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Liu Zhang was a descendant of Liu Yu, who was the fifth son of Emperor Jing-di and bore the title of "Prince Lu." His father Liu Yan was the court of the emperor Ling-di , and in 188 he was appointed governor of the province of Yizhou (益州, occupied the Sichuan Basin ). Liu Zhang, along with two older brothers - Liu Fan and Liu Danem - grew up at the imperial court.
After the death of the emperor Lin-di in 189, a political crisis began in the country. In 194, after the death of Dong Zhuo , the capital of the Chang'an Empire was under the control of Li Jue and Guo Si . Liu Yan joined the Han Sui and Ma Teng forces, and the combined forces attempted to attack the capital, counting on the support of Liu Yang’s sons from within. Liu Zhang was sent to Liu Yang's court to dissuade him from military actions, and his father did not let him back. When the attack on the capital was repulsed, the father and son fled back to Yizhou.
That same year, Liu Yan died. Liu Zhang, as the only survivor of his sons, in the face of the collapse of the central government, inherited power in the province of Yizhou. He did not seek to expand his domain, but focused on managing them.
In 200, Zhang Lu , who had previously submitted to Liu Yang, rebelled, and declared Hanzhong an independent possession. Liu Zhang executed all relatives of Zhang Lu, including his mother and brothers. In 211, on the advice of Zhang Sung Liu Zhang invited a commander Liu Bei to help against Zhang Lu; in fact, Zhang Song, Fa Zheng and Meng Da wanted Liu Bei to become the ruler of Yizhou instead of Liu Zhang. Wang Lei, Huang Quan and Li Hui tried to convince Liu Zhang not to allow Liu Bei to Yizhou, but he did not listen to them.
Only Zhang Su, the younger brother of Zhang Song, was able to open his eyes to the true intentions of his older brother. Liu Zhang executed Zhang Song, and began the fight against Liu Bei, who began the conquest of Yizhou , but could not resist the experienced commander. In 214, Liu Bei captured Chengdu , and Liu Zhang chose to surrender.
Liu Bei sent Liu Zhang and his eldest son Liu Xun to the east, to the lands of the western part of Jingzhou province, which Sun Quan had previously transferred to Liu Bei in temporary possession. In 219, General Sun Quan Lü Meng seized General Liu Bei Guan Yu and executed him, returning the whole of Jingzhou Province to control of Sun Quan. In order to obtain the right to the remaining lands under the control of Liu Bei, Sun Quan again announced Liu Zhang as governor of Yizhou, but did not attempt to seize this province by force. Soon, Liu Zhang passed away.