Ishaq Bay

Origin

At the moment, the main version of the origin of Ishaq Bey is that he was the son of Pasha Yigit Bey ^{[1] [2] [3]} . The Arabic inscription on the mosque built by Iskhak-Bey in Skopje ^[1] , as well as the message of Ashikpashazade , who personally knew Iskhak ^[1], testify in favor of this version. Despite these arguments, there are alternative versions of its origin. Including there are versions that say that Iskach Bay came from a noble Slavic family ^{[1] [3]} . As the Slavic roots of Ishaq Bey are called:

• Rod of the Pavlovich ^[1] ; this version says that Ishaq Hranic / Hranušić was captured during the akindzha raid on Pavlovichi estates. Pavlovich owned a large part of eastern Bosnia, including the Vhrbosna жupa, where Iskhak-Bey’s son subsequently founded the city of Sarajevo ^[3] . The lands of Pavlovich in the end in 1466 were in the possession of the son of Ishaq Bey, Mehmed Bey ^[3] .
• Kosach family; according to this version, Ishaq was the brother of Stepan Vukchich Kosach , who sent him to the Sultan as a hostage ^[3] .

Pavlovich and Kosach were related: the mother of the last Pavlovich was the sister of Stepan Vukchich Kosach. In the "Slavic" versions of the origin of Pasha, Yigit Bey is the adoptive father of Ishaq Bey ^{[1] [3]} .

• Tayyip Gökbilgin, Turkish historian, in his collection Edirne ve Paşa Livası XV. ve XVI Asırlarda / Vakıflar - Mülkler - Mukataalar posted two documents from the years 1453 and 1461, in which the father of Ishaq Bey indicated a certain Koch Hussein Bey, but this version is doubtful ^[1] .

Career

In 1420, Ishak Bey received the title of Sanjakbey of Bosnia (Skopje-Uskuba), taking the place of his father. Ottoman sources reported that in 1424 Murad II appointed him Uj-Bei , commissioning border lands in Serbia. A document from 1426 has survived that the Venetians paid him 200 ducats for the protection of Shkodra . This fact proves that Ishaq Bey was a force to be reckoned with ^[1] .

Based in Skopje, Ishaq Bay controlled Bosnia, Albania, Croatia and Serbia. According to the Oruj Bey chronicle, after the death of the Serb despot Stefan on July 19, 1427, Ishaq Bey participated in the capture of the Guvercinlik Fortress by Murad II ^[1] .

During the siege of Thessalonica , which lasted 8 years, in order to divert the Ottoman forces from Thessalonica, the Venetians persuaded Gyon Castrioti to raise a rebellion against the Ottomans in 1428. After the exhausted and deserted Thessaloniki surrendered in April 1430, the Turkish army, under the command of Ishaq Bey, crushed the uprising, a significant part of the ownership of Kastrioti passed to the Ottomans. Ishaq Bey left the garrisons in two castles of Kastrioti , and destroyed the rest of the fortress. The forces of Ishaq Bey, akindzhi of his brother, Turhan Bey, and the army of Rumelia under the leadership of Beylerbey Sinan Pasha joined in Sere in 1432 and led by Murad participated in the suppression of the rebellion in Albania ^[1] .

Ishaq Bay played a key role in establishing relations between Serbian despot George Brankovich and Murad. After George recognized the supremacy of the Ottoman Empire, his daughter , accompanied by Ishaq Bey, was sent to the harem of the Sultan ^[1] . According to Oruj Bey, after the death of the Hungarian king Sigismund in 1437, Ishaq Bey, along with Turhan Bey and Eurenos Bey, participated in the three-month Murad campaign in Hungary ^[1] . In the summer of 1438, Ishaq Bey performed the Hajj . In 1439, after the siege, the capital of Serbia, Smederevo , fell, and Ishaq Bay was sent to Smederevo Bay after returning from a trip to Mecca . He took part in a military campaign against Serbian despotism . On August 6, 1439, in the battle of Novo Brdo , the new capital of Serbia, the Ottoman army under the command of Ishaq Bey and Beylerbey Rumeliy Shekhabeddin Pasha defeated the Serbian army ^[1] .

In 1443-1444, the campaign Janos Hunyadi took a campaign in order to liberate the Ottomans from Serbian lands and thereby protect the borders of Hungary. In November 1443, Ishaq Bay was one of the Ottoman commanders in the battle of Nis , where the Ottomans were defeated ^[4] .

In the Ottoman sources, Ishaq Bey is mentioned as having died before the battle of Varna in November 1444. Based on the fact that on June 12, 1444, his son, Isa Bey Isakovich , is referred to in documents as the Sanjakbey of Bosnia, it is believed that he died earlier, in the spring of 1444. It is also commonly believed that the unknown burial in the vicinity of the mosque belongs to Ishaq Bey ^[1] .

Family

• Brother - Turahan Bey , the famous leader of akindzhi ^{[1] [5]} .
• Son - Isa Bey Isakovich , Sanjakbey of Bosnia ( 1454 - 1463 ), founder of Sarajevo ^{[1] [5]} .
• Son - Delhi Pasha (Pasha Bay), captured by the Serbs around 1436 ^{[1] [5]} .
• Grandson - Gazi Mehmed Bey Isakovich, Sanjakbey of Bosnia ( 1484 - 1485 ) ^{[1] [5]} .

The Kumbaradzic family, to which the art historian Lidia Kumbaradzic belongs, will descend from Isa Bey. At the old bazaar in Skopje, the inscription was preserved that the Bey Kumbaradzici, the descendants of Isa Bey, restored the building ^[3] .

Ishak Bey was one of the most powerful Ujbay in Ottoman history. He became a legendary person, a popular hero of menakibs ( everyday literature) ^[1] .

Ishaq Bay played an important role in transforming Skopje into an Ottoman city. Under him, two mosques were built: the in 1436, in 1438. In addition, the Sulu Khan Hotel was built (now the Faculty of Art of the University of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Skopje is located in its building), a double hamam, a madrasah. Waqf tax records from February 1445 show that there were still Old and New hotels (Yeshki Khan and Yeni Khan) and many shops ^[1] .

• Babinger F. Turahan Bey / In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor. - Leiden: BRILL, 2000. - Vol. X. - S. 670–672. - (EJ Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936). - ISBN 978-0-691-01078-6 .
• Babinger F. Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time / Edited by William C. Hickman, translated from the German by Ralph Manheim. - Princeton University Press , 1992 [1978]. - 549 p. - ISBN 978-0-691-01078-6 . (eng.)
• Emecen F. Ishak Bey : Islamansiklopedisi. - 2000 .-- T. 22 . - P. 524-525. (tour.)
• Emecen F. Turahan Bey : Islamansiklopedisi. - 2012 .-- T. 41 . - P. 405-407. (tour.)
• Fine John Van Antwerp. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. - University of Michigan Press, 1994. - ISBN 9780472082605 .
• Setton KM The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 . - American Philosophical Society, 1976. - Vol. II, The fifteenth century. - P. 580. - ISBN 0871691272 . (eng.)
• Suljović A. Gdje je mezar osnivača Sarajeva : Preporodov Journal. - Kulturno društvo Bošnjaka Hrvatske, 2010 .-- ISSN 1334-5052 . (Bosn.)