Phanerochaéte chrysospórium is a species of fungi belonging to the genus Phanerochaete of the order Polyporales . It is the first representative of the class of basidiomycetes , whose genome was completely sequenced. The most well-studied species is the causative agent of white rot. The first type of brown rot fungus with a sequenced genome is Postia placenta .
| Phanerochaete chrysosporium |
| Scientific classification |
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| Kingdom : | Higher mushrooms |
| Department: | Basidiomycetes |
| Subdivision : | Agaricomycotina |
| View: | Phanerochaete chrysosporium |
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| International scientific name |
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Phanerochaete chrysosporium burds. 1974 |
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Content
Fruit bodies are open, filmy, moist, whitish or brownish-yellow in color, up to 0.25 mm thick, not cracking. The edge of the fruiting bodies is thickened to 2 mm, devoid of hymenia, white, covered with a powder coating.
The hyphal system is monomic; Hyphae 3.5-7 microns thick, often thin-walled, unpainted, without buckles, branching at right angles. Closer to the substrate, the hyphae are smooth, in hymenia - with noticeable inlays. Hymenia cystids 60-150 (250) microns, cylindrical in shape, unpainted, with a septum at the base. Basidia 22–35 × 5–6 μm, club-shaped, thin-walled, septate at the base, with 4 spores. Spores 6-7.5 × 3-4 microns, ovoid, smooth, non-amyloid .
It differs from related species of the genus by the complete absence of buckles on hyphae, as well as long smooth cylindrical cystids. Phanerochaete arizonica Burds & Gilb. cystids are shorter, in Phanerochaete sordida ( P. Karst. ) J. Erickss. & Ryvarden cystids are also shorter and inlaid.
Causes white decay of deciduous trees, most widely distributed in tropical regions. A model specimen was found on Wright sycamore wood in Arizona .
Phanerochaete chrysosporium in 2004 became the fourth species of fungi whose genome was completely sequenced (using the “ shotgun method ”) - after Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Neurospora crassa . It was found that the haploid genome consists of 7-9 chromosomes and 29.9 million base pairs.
It has been established that various oxidases and peroxidases , which form free radicals, are responsible for the degradation of lignin.
Ph. chrysosporium has several features that make it suitable for use as a model organism . In particular, white rot caused by this species destroys only lignin , and leaves plant cellulose almost untouched. Temperature Optimum Ph. chrysosporium - 40 ° C, an extremely high figure for lignin disruptors.
Synonyms for teleomorphs:
- Chrysosporium pruinosum ( JCGilman & EVAbbott ) JWCarmich. , 1962
- Chrysosporium lignorum O. Bergman & T. Nilsson , 1966, nom. nud.
- Grandiniella chrysosporium (Burds.) Burds., 1977
- Phanerochaete macrocystidiata Hallenb. 1979
- Phanerodontia chrysosporium (Burds.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden , 2010
- Sporotrichum pruinosum JCGilman & EVAbbott, 1927
- Sporotrichum pulverulentum Novobr. 1972
- Burdsall Jr, HH; Eslyn, WE A new Phanerochaete with a Chrysosporium imperfect state (English) // Mycotaxon : journal. - 1974. - Vol. 1 , no. 2 . - P. 123-133 .
- D. Martinez et al. Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 (Eng.) // Nature Biotechnology: journal. - 2004. - Vol. 22 . - P. 695-700 . - DOI : 10.1038 / nbt967 .