History of the Tver region

Monuments of the final Paleolithic include the sites Podol III / 1, Podol III / 2, Baranova Gora on the northern shore of Lake Volgo , near the village of Lanino ^[2] . The sites of Baranova Gora ^[3] , Teply Stream 2 ^[4] , Troitskoe 3 ^[5] , Ust-Tudovka 1, Rostislavl, Ladyzhino 3 ^[6] belong to the Podolsk culture . Also known are the Paleolithic sites of Avsergovo I and Sknyatino . The Mesolithic Butovo culture (7 thousand BC) includes the sites of Tikhonovo 1 and Sobolevo in the Kimrsky district, Butovo in the Staritsky district. The Yenev culture (end of the 7th – 6th millennium BC) includes the sites of Ienevo near Tver, Zhuravets and Kultino in the Staritsky district, Titovo in the Kimrsky district. The Neolithic era in the Tver region includes more than 2,000 sites related to the Upper Volga (5-3 thousand BC), Lyalovskaya (3 - beginning 2 thousand BC), Volosovo (2 thousand BC) e.) archaeological cultures. In one of the children's burials near the village of Yazykovo in the Kashinsky district, two pendants were found: amber and jasper, and the grave pit was saturated with ocher. The settlements of fishermen and Neolithic hunters were excavated in the Tver region on the Petrovsky Lakes east of Tver, on the Mologa near Bezhetsk, from Lesnoy (Ilovets site) to Ostashkovsky and Penovsky districts (Siniyaya Gora sites and Dubovets Island) on Valdaysky Lake District ^[7] . In the Bronze Age, the population associated with the culture of battle axes came to the territory of the Tver Volga region. Up to the beginning of 1 thousand BC. e. representatives of the Fatyanovo culture settled on the Tver lands (the burial grounds Likhachevsky, Turginovsky, Novinki 1, Novinki 2, the Fatyanovo burial ground on the Olochinsky mountain ^[8] , the Bolshnevsky burial ground ^[9] ). On the territory of the Tver region, quite a lot of settlements of the Dyakovo culture of the Iron Age have been excavated: Likhachevskoye near Zubtsov, Hatchet opposite Konakov, Borka near Vyshny Volochyok, Penturovo and Dulevo near Staritsa, Otmichi and Pominovo near Tver, Grafskaya Gora and Dyakov Lob in Kimry, Orlov Gorodok in Molry Sannikovskoye area in the Volga Volga region and others. The Dnieper-Dvina culture was found in the basins of Toropa, Zapadnaya Dvina, Velesa. Ancient sites were excavated near the village of Kurovo near Andreapol, near the village of Gorodok and in the tract Podgai near Toropets. In the middle of the 1st millennium AD, the Upper Dvina began to be intensely mastered by the Slavs ^[10] . Since the East Novgorod dialects have specific common isoglosses with Rostov-Suzdal and other dialects of the Near North-East, this may indicate that the original north-east dialect continuum was split by the Krivichi “wedge” in the Tver Volga region ^[11] .

The city of Tver has been known as the administrative center since the 13th century . First, as the center of the specific principality of North-Eastern Russia , then the capital of the Grand Duchy of Tver . The cities of Toropets , Rzhev and Kashin , which are now part of the Tver region, were centers of specific principalities .

The Tver uprising of 1327 was the first major Russian uprising against the Mongol-Tatar yoke . Brutally crushed by the Golden Horde with the participation of Moscow and Suzdal . In fact, it led to a redistribution of forces in favor of Moscow, drawing a line under the quarter-century rivalry between Moscow and Tver for supremacy in North-Eastern Russia .

After joining Tver in Moscow in 1488, Tver Uyezd was formed. In the XVI-XVII district centers of the Moscow state were also the cities of Rzhev , Zubtsov , Staritsa , Torzhok , Kashin , Bezhetsk , and the cities of Toropets and Bely were for some time the administrative centers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania .

In the XVIII century, Tver became the center of the Tver province, first the St. Petersburg (Ingermanland in 1708-1710) provinces (1708-1727), and then - the Novgorod province .

In 1775, the Tver governorship was formed, in 1796 - the Tver province .

After the liquidation of the provinces on January 14, 1929, Tver became the center of the district of the Central Industrial Region (from June 1929 - the Moscow Region ). In addition, in 1929-1930, the centers of the districts of the Moscow Region were the cities of Bezhetsk and Kimry ; Rzhev was a district center in the Western Region .

November 20, 1931 Tver was renamed the city of Kalinin (until 1990).

In 1935, the city became a regional center, which remains to this day.

Under the name Kalinin Oblast, an administrative unit existed on the territory of the RSFSR for 55.5 years from January 29, 1935 to July 17, 1990 . The administrative center is the city of Kalinin (in 1941, during the occupation of Kalinin (October-December), the regional governing bodies were located in Kashin ).

Territory and population

There are three periods of formation of the territorial composition of the region:

• 1935-1944 - an area of ​​106.4 thousand km² (data from 1939)
  • 1944-1957 - an area of ​​66 thousand km² (data from 1953)
    • 1957-1990 - an area of ​​84.1 thousand km² (1990 data)

Population in thousand people:

• 1937 - 3220
• 1939 - 3211
  • for 1944-1957 there are no data
    • 1959-1807
    • 1970-1717
    • 1979-1649
    • 1989—1663

History

Kalinin region was formed by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 29, 1935. It included 51 districts from Moscow , Western and Leningrad regions.

During the years of World War II, the Kalinin region underwent severe trials associated with occupation and a long frontal position. The Nazi invaders entered the territory of the western regions at the beginning of July 1941. During July-November, the western and southern parts of the region were occupied (38 out of 69 districts, 7 in part).

On the territory of the region there were battles of the Moscow battle ,
Toropetsky-Kholmsky operation ,
The first Rzhev-Sychev operation
The second Rzhev-Sychev operation
Velikiye Luki operation
Rzhev-Vyazemsky operation (1943) ,
Nevel operation .
The troops of the Western , Northwest , Kalinin , 1st and 2nd and 3rd Baltic Fronts took part in hostilities in the region.

July 19, 1944 Kalinin region was completely liberated from the invaders.

In August 1944, the Pskov and Velikolukskaya regions were formed and the western regions of the region were transferred to them.

In 1957, the Velikiye Luki region was abolished and its eastern part became part of the Kalinin region.

  On December 6, 1966, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Kalinin Region was awarded the Order of Lenin for the courage and perseverance shown by the working people in the struggle against Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War and for the successes achieved in the restoration and development of the national economy.

Administrative division

Counties

After the formation of the Kalinin region, on February 5, 1935, the Velikoluksky okrug was formed as its border okrug, which were created along the western border of the USSR (until 1940 the oblast bordered on independent Latvia ). On May 11, 1937, from the part of the districts of the Velikiye Luki okrug, the Opochetsk okrug was formed .

On July 9, 1937, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution to form the Karelian National District in the Kalinin Region in 5 districts with a center in the city of Likhoslavl .

The Velikiye Luki okrug was abolished in May 1938, the Karelian national okrug in February 1939, the Opochetsk okrug in February 1941. The districts of the abolished okrugs were directly subordinated to the Kalinin Regional Council of Workers' Deputies.

Neighborhoods

In the year the region was formed, it included 51 districts, at the beginning of 1936 there were 61 districts, at the beginning of 1937 - 68 districts, at the beginning of 1938 - 70 districts, and at the beginning of 1941 - 69 districts.

In 1944, 1 district was transferred to the Novgorod region, 3 regions were transferred to the Pskov region , and 19 regions were transferred to the Velikolukskaya region

Further, the number of districts changed as follows (at the beginning of the year):

• 1945 - 47,
• 1965 - 20 districts,
• 1966 - 31 district
• 1967 - 33 districts,
• 1974 - 36 districts.

This number of districts has been preserved in the Tver region .

Guide

1st Secretaries of the Kalinin Regional Committee of the CPSU (B.) - CPSU

National Economy

The gross output of large-scale industry in 1940 at constant prices amounted to 1,477 million rubles.

Some economic indicators:

On July 17, 1990, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the Kalinin Region was renamed the Tver Region. Finally, the region became Tver on April 21, 1992, after amendments to the Constitution of the RSFSR .

In 1991-1995, the head of the administration of the Tver region was Vladimir Suslov . With the adoption of the Constitution of Russia in 1993, the Tver region became a subject of the Russian Federation . In December 1995, Vladimir Platov was elected the 1st governor of the Tver region. November 5, 1996 adopted the Charter of the Tver region. In 2003-2011, Dmitry Zelenin was the governor of the Tver region. From 2011 to 2016, the region was led by Andrey Shevelev . Since September 23, 2016, the region has been led by Igor Rudenya .

• Electronic Encyclopedic Reference “Tver Region”
• Information on changes in the administrative-territorial division of the Tver province - Kalinin region.
• Handbook on the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union