Irab

Nominative (marked by dummy ):

• subject of the verb sentence (الفاعل في جملة فعلية)
• subject and predicate of the sentence (المبتدأ والخبر في جملة اسمية) with some exceptions
• appeal (النداء)
• some adverbs (ظرف حال)
• initial form of name

Genitive (marked by Qasra ):

• preposition supplement
• complement locative adverb (ظرف مكان وظرف زمان)
• second, third and subsequent forms of supplement - idafa (المضاف اليه)
• elitive (comparison / superlative) adjectives

Accusative (marked by Fatah ):

• transitive verb complement (المفعول به)
• subject to a noun phrase starting with إن or similar.
• adverbs-circumstances and most adverbs
• internal complement or other accusative construction (المفعول المطلق), which enhances the action by adding a verb noun (مصدر) after the verb
• expression of state or mode of action (الحال)
• action reason expression (المفعول لأجله), usually using an indefinite verbal noun
• specific accusative (التمييز) answering the question how. Includes comp./excel. degrees and countable nouns in amounts between 11 and 99
• some special cases, for example: كان وأخواتها - إنّ وأخواتها - ظنّ وأخواتها
• half-prepositions
• addition (how much and how much)
• exclamation of surprise
• vocal member
• nouns following excluding particles in non-negative sentences
• nouns after categorical denial

A third root consonant “و” is also added if there are only 2 root consonants in a word. Some variations are possible, for example َتَان ((a) tan) for the female dual.

The first of two is the plural form in Arabic. The second way is a broken whole, using not i'rab, but a change of the word itself, and used for some nouns.

When the word ends with "ة" or "ــة", then -aat (ات) is used, although these letters must first be discarded. Some variations are possible, for example, the suffix -in (يْنَ) can be used for some nouns for multipliers. numbers of certain categories, such as: religion, nationality, profession.

Verb sentences (الجملة الفعلية) - Use the VSO word order. In such a sentence, the complement takes the accusative form, and the subject - the nominative.

Nickname sentences (الجملة الإسمية) - use the SVO word order. They can have an explicit verb (then the subject is nominative, and the predicate is accusative), but not (both are nominative).

Sisters (إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا):

Akhavat inna (أخوات إنّ) - a class of related and derivative words from أنّ:

• إنّ
• أنّ
• لكنّ
• لأنّ
• كأنّ

If the sentence begins with 1 of them, then the subject becomes in the accusative case instead of the nominative (including in the verbal appendix).

Akhavat kana (أخوات كان) is a class of 13 verbs of state / duration and time of action / events derived from كان (kana). Sentences with such verbs are considered verbless. When used, the subject becomes in the nominative case, and the addition - in the accusative. The word order is SVO, although at first glance it looks like a VSO.

• indicative (مرفوع)
• subjunctive (منصوب)
• yussiv (مجزوم)
• imperative
• short energetic
• long energetic