Zosterophyllous [1] ( lat. Zosterophyllópsida ) is a class of ancient plants that reached its peak in the early Devonian period. Close to rhinophytes , from which they differed in lateral position of sporangia. Found in the same deposits as rhinophytes.
| † Zosterophilic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Zosterofillum model | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Zosterophyllopsida | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nomenclature type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Zosterophyllum Penh. , 1892 - Zosterofillum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geochronology 427.4-360.7 Ma
◄ Nowadays◄ Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction◄ Triassic extinction◄ Mass Permian Extinction◄ Devonian extinction◄ Ordovician-Silurian extinction◄ Cambrian explosion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Description
For most zosterophyllae, a dichotomous branching was characteristic, some branching pseudomonopodially, the terminal branches developing spinning. The protostela is exarchal, often elliptical in cross section, more massive than rhinophytes. Sporangia are kidney-shaped to spherical in shape, arranged laterally along the stem, sessile or on short branches, and were often collected in strobil-like formations. When maturing, the sporangia spore was revealed along the slit with two wings, thickening was often along the slit. Zosterofillovye were equally spore plants.
The genera Barinophyton and Protobarinophyton were distinguished by the presence of large and small spores in sporangia.
Zosterofillaceae are considered to be relatives of the placental, several important common features are present in their structure: an exarchal protostel and lateral kidney-shaped sporangia. Unlike the plunders, the zosterophyllids had no leaves; instead of these plants, there were various types of lateral processes of the stem, which apparently served to increase the photosynthetic surface.
Systematics
The Zosterofillaceae occupied an intermediate position between the rhinophytes and the plaids . According to some scholars, these plants were the ancestors of the water-bearing, while other paleobotanists consider it a paraphyletic group or a sister group in relation to them.
The prenatal systematics is currently under discussion, the final distinction of the class into orders and families is not defined. The following genera are known in the class:
- (?) Adoketophyton CSLi & D. Edwards , 1992
- Anisophyton W. Remy , Schultka & Hass , 1986
- Barinophyton D.White ex E.Arber , 1921 - Barinophyton
- Crenaticaulis HP Banks & MRDavis , 1969 - Crenaticaulis
- Deheubarthia D. Edwards, Kenrick & Carluccio , 1989
- Demersatheca CSLi & D.Edwards, 1996
- (?) Discalis SGHao , 1989
- Ensivalia Gerrienne , 1996
- Gosslingia Heard , 1927 - Gossling
- Guangnania DMWang & SGHao, 2002
- (?) Gumuia SGHao, 1989
- (?) Hicklingia Kidst. & WHLang , 1923 - Hicklingia
- Hsua DMWang, SGHao & Q.Wang , 2003
- (?) Huia BYGeng , 1985
- Kaulangiophyton Gensel & Kasper , 1969
- Konioria Zdebska , 1982
- Krithodeophyton D. Edwards, 1968 - Cryodeodeophyton
- Macivera Kotyk , Basinger , Gensel & TAFreitas , 2002
- (?) Nothia AGLyon , 1964 - Nottia
- Odonax Gerrienne, 1996
- Oricilla Gensel, 1982 - Oricilla
- Protobarinophyton Ananev , 1955 - Protobarinophyton
- (?) Rebuchia Hueber , 1970
- Sartilmania Fairon-Dem. 1986
- Sawdonia Hueber, 1971 - Savdonia
- Serrulacaulis Hueber & HP Banks, 1979
- Tarella D. Edwards & Kenrick, 1986
- Thrinkophyton Kenrick & D. Edwards, 1988
- Trichopherophyton AG Lyon & D. Edwards, 1991
- Zosterophyllum Penh. , 1892 - Zosterofillum
Notes
- ↑ Botany. Systematics of higher or terrestrial plants / A. G. Elenevsky, M. P. Soloviev, V. N. Tikhomirov. - 3rd ed. - M .: Academy, 2004 .-- S. 70. - 432 p. - ISBN 5-7695-1712-3 .
Literature
- TN Taylor, EL Taylor, M. Krings. Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. - 2009. - P. 252—259. - 874 p. - ISBN 978-0-12-373972-8 .