9 × 18 mm PM , sometimes 9.2 × 18 mm , is a pistol unitary cartridge with a cylindrical wafer sleeve designed to replace the cartridge 7.62 × 25 mm TT . Developed by B. V. Syomin in 1951 [2] .
| 9 × 18 mm PM | |
|---|---|
 9 × 18 mm PM | |
| Cartridge type | pistol |
| Producing country |  USSR  Russia |
| Type of weapon using a cartridge | pistols , submachine guns |
| Service History | |
| Used | USSR , Russia |
| Production history | |
| Constructor | B. V. Semin [1] |
| Time of creation | 1951 year |
| Years of production | from 1951 to the present |
| Specifications | |
| Cartridge weight, g | 10 (PMM) [1] 7.4 (PBM) [1] |
| Cartridge Length, mm | 24.8 [1] |
| Real bullet caliber , mm | 9.27 [1] |
| Bullet weight, g | 6.1 (PM) [1] 5.4-5.8 (PMM) [1] 3.7 (PBM) [1] |
| The mass of the powder charge, g | 0.25 |
| Muzzle velocity , m / s | 315 (PM) [1] 420-435 (PMM) [1] 519 (PBM) [1] |
| Bullet Energy , J | 300 (PM) [1] 485-505 (PMM) [1] |
| The length of the test barrel, mm | 93.5 |
| Liner parameters | |
| Sleeve shape | Cylindrical |
| Sleeve length mm | 18.1 [1] |
| The diameter of the barrel muzzle, mm | 9.91 [1] |
| The diameter of the base of the sleeve, mm | 9.95 [1] |
| Diameter of sleeve flange , mm | 9.95 [1] |
| The mass of the sleeve, g | 3.65 |
One of the tasks assigned to the developers was to ensure the impossibility of using both this cartridge in weapons chambered for 9 × 19 mm Parabellum , and vice versa - 9 × 19 mm Parabellum cartridges in weapons designed for the cartridge being developed.
The Soviet 9 × 18 mm cartridge should not be confused with the German designation , which was once developed by Geko for use in police weapons and still has a certain distribution in Western countries. In fact, these cartridges, with comparable power, have different sizes of shells and, most importantly, different true bullet caliber - 9.0 mm for the Ultra and 9.27 mm for the Soviet cartridge. Like the Ultra, the Soviet cartridge 9 × 18 mm in power is between 9 × 17 mm Kurz and 9 × 19 mm Luger [1] .
Content
Description
The sleeve is bimetallic, the standard bullet is shell, with a steel mushroom core pressed into a lead shirt (in earlier versions the sleeve was made of brass, and the bullet had a lead core in a steel shell). Such a solution saves lead and increases the bullet's penetration ability in relation to non-metallic obstacles, however, when it enters a metal, the shell is destroyed and the core bounces off an obstacle due to its shape, therefore, a standard 9 × 18 mm PM bullet is not able to penetrate body armor . [1] . In addition, there was a great risk of rebounding indoors.
The caliber of 9 mm made it possible to increase the stopping effect at the cartridge level of 7.62 × 25 mm TT , while the twofold difference in muzzle energy made it possible to use simpler automation ( free shutter for PM , short barrel bore for TT ) [1] . This was one of the reasons for adopting the PM in service to replace the outdated TT.
In 1994, the designers of Tekhkrim JSC, on an initiative basis, developed a 9 × 18 mm cartridge with an expansive action bullet, which had a reduced tendency to ricochet and an increased stopping effect on targets without personal protective equipment [3] .
Nomenclature of Soviet / Russian cartridges 9 × 18 mm PM
- 9 P gf (hl) ( GAU index - 57-Н-181 ): a 6.1 g bullet with a lead core, a brass sleeve, a cartridge mass of 10.7 g [1] .
- 9 Pst gf (gf, hl) ( GAU index - 57-Н-181С ): a bullet weighing 5.9 g with a steel core, a bimetallic sleeve [1] .
- 9 PPT gzh ( GAU Index - 57-T-181 ) - cartridge with tracer bullet PPT. Designed by designers V.V. Trunov and P.F. Sazonov. Produced at the NVA plant (Novosibirsk).
- 9 BZhT gzh ( GRAU index - 7N15 ) - a cartridge with an all-metal bullet of increased armor penetration, entirely made of steel. Muzzle velocity - 325 m / s.
- 9 SP7 GZ - cartridge with an expansive bullet of increased stopping power . It was developed by order of the KGB of the USSR at the turn of the 1970s-1980s [4] . Cartridge weight 7.47-8.14 g; bullet weight 4.2 g; the initial velocity of the bullet is 405-420 m / s [5] .
- 9 SP8 GZh - cartridge with an expansive bullet of reduced breakdown action. Bullet weight 5.0 grams. The initial velocity of the bullet is 250—255 m / s. Designed for use by anti-terrorist units when attacking airliners (a bullet is not able to penetrate the fuselage of an aircraft).
- 9 PPE GJ - cartridge with an expansive PE bullet. Designed in the early 1990s.
- 9x18 RG028 gzh - cartridge with an expansive bullet of increased breakdown action.
- 9x18 PS gs PPO - a cartridge of law enforcement agencies. Since 2005, it has been produced at the Tula Cartridge Plant , and is supplied to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service and the DOSAAF. Shell bullet with lead core. Bullet weight 6.3 g; muzzle velocity of 330 m / s; muzzle energy 330—343 J.
- 9x18 PRS GS - cartridge of reduced rebound ability (for law enforcement agencies). Manufacturer - Barnaul Machine Tool Plant OJSC.
- 9x18 PSV - cartridge with an expansive bullet type Hollow Point. The mass of the cartridge is 10.68-11.63 g; bullet weight - 7.3-7.8 g; bullet speed at a distance of 10 m - 280-305 m / s. It is not in service, it is proposed for export as commercial ammunition [6] .
- 9x18 PSO GZh - sport-hunting cartridge, shell bullet with a lead core. Bullet weight 6.1 g, the initial velocity of the bullet 290-315 m / s. Ballistic characteristics vary slightly depending on the manufacturer.
- 9 UCH GZ pistol ( GAU Index - 57-N-181UCH ) - a training cartridge with inert equipment.
- blank cartridge - there is no bullet, the edges of the sleeve are pressed in with an "asterisk".
9 × 18 mm PBM
The armor-piercing cartridge 9 × 18 mm PBM ( GRAU Index - 7N25 ) was developed in the Tula KBP for use in small arms under the usual 9 × 18 mm PM cartridge. It is made at the Tula cartridge plant. The mass of the cartridge is 7.4 g; bullet weight - 3.7 g; Muzzle velocity - 519 m / s.
The new half-shell bullet has a lively shape , between the core of steel with a hardness of more than 60 HRC units and the shell is an aluminum shirt. As a result of the improvements made, the new bullet gained one and a half-fold increase in kinetic energy (418 J against 273 J for a standard 9 mm PM bullet at a range of 10 m), and the recoil momentum increased by only 4%. The volume of the temporary pulsating cavity (one of the main indicators of the bullet's striking ability) increased 3 times relative to 9 mm PM and 1.4 times relative to 9 mm PMM [7] .
A new bullet pierces the armor plate 5 mm thick St3 steel at a distance of 10 m, armor 2.4 mm thick and a Kevlar sublayer at a distance of 11 m, and at a distance of 30 meters - a standard body armor of law enforcement bodies 6B5-12 (1.25 mm of titanium and 30 layers Kevlar tissue), while the remaining energy is enough to deepen into the gelatin block (approximately equivalent in density to the tissues of the human body) [1] .
9 × 18 mm PMM
The 9 × 18 mm PMM cartridge ( 57-Н-181СМ , GRAU Index - 7Н16 ) is a modernization of the 9 × 18 mm PM cartridge, aimed at increasing the bullet penetration ability.
In the cartridge, the powder charge was increased by 30% and a new bullet in the form of a truncated cone was used . As a result, the initial velocity of the bullet increased (up to 410-435 m / s), its kinetic energy (485-505 J) and, as a result, the breakdown, stopping and destructive action, and thanks to the new form of the bullet the probability of rebounds decreased. Cartridge length - 25 mm; sleeve length - 18 mm; bullet weight - 5.54-5.8 g [8] . At a distance of up to 20 meters, a PMM cartridge bullet penetrates 3 mm of St3 steel, and at a distance of up to 10 meters - army Zh-81 body armor.
Like other high-power ammunition, this cartridge can only be used in specially designed weapons with a reinforced structure ( PMM and OTs-27 pistols, PP-91 Kedr and PP-19 Bison submachine guns) [1] .
Photo Gallery
Cartridges 7.62 × 25 mm TT and 9 × 18 mm PM
Cartridge sleeves 9 × 19 mm Luger, 9 × 18 mm PM and 9 × 17 mm Kurz (from left to right)
Cartridges 9 × 18 mm PM: manufactured in 1969 (with a sleeve coated with a copper alloy) and the modern year 2008 (with a steel sleeve with a phosphate - polymer coating [9] and with a lead bullet with a tompak coating)
Cartridge sleeve 9 × 18 mm PM
Cartridges 9x18 PS gs PPO
Makarov pistol magazine equipped with 8 cartridges 9x18
Foreign names
- 9 mm Makarov (9 mm Mak)
- 9 × 18 mm Makarov
- 9 × 18 mm Soviet
- 9 × 18 mm PM
- 9 × 18 mm
- 9,2x18
See also
- 9 × 19 mm Parabellum
- .45 ACP
- 7.62 × 25 mm TT
- PM
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Cartridge 9x18 PM / PMM / PBM (inaccessible link) . weapon.at.ua. Date of treatment August 25, 2010. Archived February 4, 2009.
- ↑ A.I. Blagovestov. What They Shoot From The CIS: A Handbook of Small Arms. / under the general ed. A.E. Taras. Minsk, Harvest, 2000. pp. 532-533
- ↑ “ Yesterday Tekhkrim JSC carried out preliminary tests of a pilot batch of the so-called expansive cartridge for the Makarov family of pistols ... the new 9 mm cartridge, created on an initiative basis, has a significantly greater breakdown and stopping effect ”
Leo Ambinder . Police bullets will become police officers // Kommersant newspaper, No. 16 (484) of February 1, 1994 - ↑ Modern Small Arms - Ammunition (cartridges) for self-loading pistols and submachine guns Archived on August 8, 2010.
- ↑ website of the Klimovsk specialized cartridge plant http://www.kspz.ru/production/cartridges/sluzh/cp7/ Archival copy of August 16, 2014 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ site of the Novosibirsk cartridge plant
- ↑ Alexander Kumeyko. "Makarov" "sews" body armor Archival copy of December 11, 2017 on the Wayback Machine // magazine "Shotgun. Weapons and ammunition ”, No. 6, 1998
- ↑ A.I. Blagovestov. What They Shoot From The CIS: A Handbook of Small Arms. / under the general ed. A.E. Taras. Minsk, Harvest, 2000. p. 533-534
- ↑ Method of applying a phosphate-polymer coating to the surface of a cartridge case , “FindPatent.RU”.
Literature
- Monetchikov S. 9 × 18 PMM pistol cartridge // Brother: Monthly magazine of special forces. - M .: Vityaz-Bratishka LLC, 2011. - No. 9 . - S. 22-25 .
Links
- 9x18 PM . guns.arsenalnoe.ru. Date of treatment September 1, 2010. Archived February 21, 2012.
- Cartridge 9 x 18 mm PM . megasword.ru. Date of treatment September 1, 2010. Archived February 21, 2012.