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Tenryaku

Tenryaku [1] [2] [3] or Tenreki [2] ( p 天 эн tenryaku , celestial calendar) is the motto of the reign of the Japanese emperor Murakami [3] [1] from 947 to 957 [1] [4 ] .

Tenryaku
Japanese 天 暦
Serial number41
Ruling emperorMurakami
Duration947–957
Previous eraTengyo
Next eraTentoku

Content

Duration

Beginning and end of an era: [4] [5] [1]

  • 22nd day of the 4th moon of the 10th year of Tengyo (according to the Julian calendar - May 15, 947);
  • 27th day of the 10th moon of the 11th year Tenryaku (according to the Julian calendar - November 21, 957).

Origin

The name Nengo was borrowed from the classical ancient Chinese composition Lun yu [4] : 「天 之 暦 数 、 在 爾 躬」 [4] .

Events

  • 947 (the 9th moon of the 1st year of Tenryaku) - the beginning of the construction of the Kitano Temple ( 北野 天 満 宮 ) [6] ;
  • 947 year (11th moon of the 1st year of Tenryaku) - the emperor went hunting in Uji [6] ;
  • 948 year (2nd year to Tenryak) - in the summer there was a severe drought, replaced by heavy rains in the fall [6] ;
  • September 29, 948 (the 24th day of the 8th moon of the 2nd year of Tenryaku) - the sun and moon were simultaneously observed in the sky [6] ;
  • 949 year (14th day of the 8th moon of the 3rd year of Tenryaku) - Fujiwara no Tadahira died at the age of 70. For 20 years he held the post of sessho , for 8 years - the campaign [7] ;
  • September 9, 949 (9th moon of the 3rd year of Tenryaku) - the daijo tenno Yozei died at the age of 82 [7] ;
  • 950 year (7th moon of the 4th year of Tenryaku) - Emperor Murakami declared his young son, Norihira, crown prince [7] ;
  • 951 - 952 years. - written by Yamato-monogatari , one of the most important monuments of Japanese literature of the Heian period [8] .

Comparison Chart

The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology. In parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era, the name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese Gan-chi system is indicated . The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .

1st year Tenryaku
( Fire Goat )
1st moon2nd moon *3rd moon4th moon *5th moon *6th moon7th moon *7th moon *
(leap)
8th moon9th moon10th moon *11th moon12th moon
Julian calendarJanuary 25, 94724 FebruaryMarch 25April 24thMay, 23rd21st of June21 JulyAugust 19September 17th17 OctoberNovember 16thDecember 15thJanuary 14, 948
2nd year Tenryaku
( Earth Monkey )
1st moon2nd moon *3rd moon4th moon *5th moon *6th moon7th moon *8th moon *9th moon10th moon11th moon *12th moon
Julian calendarFebruary 13, 948March 14th12th of April12 MayJune 10thJuly 9th8 August6 SeptemberOctober 5thNovember 4thDecember 4thJanuary 2, 949
3rd year Tenryaku
( Earth Rooster )
1st moon2nd moon *3rd moon4th moon5th moon *6th moon *7th moon8th moon *9th moon *10th moon11th moon12th moon *
Julian calendarFebruary 1, 949March, 3rdApril 1st1st of MayMay 31June 29July 28thAugust 27September 25thOctober 24thNovember 23rdDecember 23
4th year Tenryaku
( Metal Dog )
1st moon2nd moon *3rd moon4th moon5th moon *5th moon
(leap)
6th moon *7th moon8th moon *9th moon10th moon *11th moon12th moon *
Julian calendarJanuary 21, 950February 20th21 March20 AprilMay 20June 18thJuly 18thAugust 16September 15thOctober 14the 13th of November12 DecemberJanuary 11, 951
5th year Tenryaku
( Metal Pig )
1st moon2nd moon *3rd moon4th moon5th moon *6th moon7th moon *8th moon9th moon *10th moon11th moon *12th moon
Julian calendarFebruary 9, 95111th of MarchApril 9thMay 9June 8July 7thAugust 6th4 SeptemberThe 4th of OctoberNovember 2December 2nd31th of December
6th year Tenryaku
( Water Rat )
1st moon *2nd moon3rd moon *4th moon5th moon *6th moon7th moon *8th moon9th moon10th moon *11th moon12th moon *
Julian calendarJanuary 30, 95228th of FebruaryMarch 29April 27thMay 27thJune 25July 25thAugust 23September 22nd22 of October20 NovemberDecember 20
7th year Tenryaku
( Water Bull )
1st moon1st moon *
(leap)
2nd moon *3rd moon4th moon *5th moon6th moon *7th moon8th moon9th moon10th moon *11th moon12th moon *
Julian calendarJanuary 18, 953February 17March 18April 16th16th of MayJune 14ththe 14 th of July12th of August11 SeptemberOctober 1110th of November9th DecemberJanuary 8, 954
8th year Tenryaku
( Wooden Tiger )
1st moon2nd moon *3rd moon *4th moon5th moon *6th moon7th moon *8th moon9th moon10th moon *11th moon12th moon
Julian calendarFebruary 6, 954March 8April 6th5 MayJune 4th3 JulyAugust 2August 31September 30thOctober 30November 28December 28th
9th year Tenryaku
( Wooden Rabbit )
1st moon *2nd moon3rd moon *4th moon *5th moon6th moon *7th moon *8th moon9th moon9th moon *
(leap)
10th moon11th moon12th moon
Julian calendarJanuary 27, 95525 FebruaryMarch 27th25th of AprilMay 24thJune 23July 22August 20September 19thOctober 19thNovember 17thDecember 17thJanuary 16, 956
10th year Tenryaku
( Fire Dragon )
1st moon *2nd moon3rd moon *4th moon *5th moon6th moon *7th moon *8th moon9th moon10th moon *11th moon12th moon
Julian calendarFebruary 15, 956March 15th14th of Aprilmay 13June 11July 11thAugust 9thSeptember 7thOctober 7thNovember 6th5th of DecemberJanuary 4, 957
11th year Tenryaku
( Fire Snake )
1st moon2nd moon *3rd moon4th moon *5th moon *6th moon7th moon *8th moon *9th moon10th moon *11th moon12th moon
Julian calendarFebruary 3, 957the 5th of MarchApril 3May 3June 1st30 JuneJuly 30thAugust 28September 26thOctober 26thNovember 24thDecember 24th
* An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 730.
  2. ↑ 1 2 Petrova and Goreglyad, 1963 , p. 206.
  3. ↑ 1 2 East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355.
  4. ↑ 1 2 3 4 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 (ニ ッ ポ ニ カ)』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponica Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
  5. ↑ Japanese Nengo Database Archived July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute (Taiwan)
  6. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Titsing, 1834 , p. 139.
  7. ↑ 1 2 3 Titsing, 1834 , p. 140.
  8. ↑ Japanese literature of the VIII — XVI centuries. Petersburg Oriental Studies, 1997: - Page 124

Literature

  • Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - S. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
  • Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Slogans of rule // Description of Japanese manuscripts, woodcuts and early printed books. Vol. I .. - Moscow: Oriental literature , 1963. - S. 204-210. - 243 p.
  • History of Japan / Ed. A.E. Zhukova. - M .: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times until 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
  • Eliseev D. History of Japan. Between China and the Pacific Ocean / per. with fr. M. Yu. Nekrasov. - St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2008 .-- 318 p. - ISBN 978-5-8071-0296-7 .
  • (Fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenryaku&oldid=100554678


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