Tenryaku [1] [2] [3] or Tenreki [2] ( p 天 эн tenryaku , celestial calendar) is the motto of the reign of the Japanese emperor Murakami [3] [1] from 947 to 957 [1] [4 ] .
| Tenryaku | |
|---|---|
| Japanese 天 暦 | |
| Serial number | 41 |
| Ruling emperor | Murakami |
| Duration | 947–957 |
| Previous era | Tengyo |
| Next era | Tentoku |
Content
Duration
Beginning and end of an era: [4] [5] [1]
- 22nd day of the 4th moon of the 10th year of Tengyo (according to the Julian calendar - May 15, 947);
- 27th day of the 10th moon of the 11th year Tenryaku (according to the Julian calendar - November 21, 957).
Origin
The name Nengo was borrowed from the classical ancient Chinese composition Lun yu [4] : 「天 之 暦 数 、 在 爾 躬」 [4] .
Events
- 947 (the 9th moon of the 1st year of Tenryaku) - the beginning of the construction of the Kitano Temple ( 北野 天 満 宮 ) [6] ;
- 947 year (11th moon of the 1st year of Tenryaku) - the emperor went hunting in Uji [6] ;
- 948 year (2nd year to Tenryak) - in the summer there was a severe drought, replaced by heavy rains in the fall [6] ;
- September 29, 948 (the 24th day of the 8th moon of the 2nd year of Tenryaku) - the sun and moon were simultaneously observed in the sky [6] ;
- 949 year (14th day of the 8th moon of the 3rd year of Tenryaku) - Fujiwara no Tadahira died at the age of 70. For 20 years he held the post of sessho , for 8 years - the campaign [7] ;
- September 9, 949 (9th moon of the 3rd year of Tenryaku) - the daijo tenno Yozei died at the age of 82 [7] ;
- 950 year (7th moon of the 4th year of Tenryaku) - Emperor Murakami declared his young son, Norihira, crown prince [7] ;
- 951 - 952 years. - written by Yamato-monogatari , one of the most important monuments of Japanese literature of the Heian period [8] .
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology. In parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era, the name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese Gan-chi system is indicated . The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| 1st year Tenryaku ( Fire Goat ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 7th moon * (leap) | 8th moon | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julian calendar | January 25, 947 | 24 February | March 25 | April 24th | May, 23rd | 21st of June | 21 July | August 19 | September 17th | 17 October | November 16th | December 15th | January 14, 948 |
| 2nd year Tenryaku ( Earth Monkey ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 13, 948 | March 14th | 12th of April | 12 May | June 10th | July 9th | 8 August | 6 September | October 5th | November 4th | December 4th | January 2, 949 | |
| 3rd year Tenryaku ( Earth Rooster ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 1, 949 | March, 3rd | April 1st | 1st of May | May 31 | June 29 | July 28th | August 27 | September 25th | October 24th | November 23rd | December 23 | |
| 4th year Tenryaku ( Metal Dog ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 5th moon (leap) | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * |
| Julian calendar | January 21, 950 | February 20th | 21 March | 20 April | May 20 | June 18th | July 18th | August 16 | September 15th | October 14 | the 13th of November | 12 December | January 11, 951 |
| 5th year Tenryaku ( Metal Pig ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 9, 951 | 11th of March | April 9th | May 9 | June 8 | July 7th | August 6th | 4 September | The 4th of October | November 2 | December 2nd | 31th of December | |
| 6th year Tenryaku ( Water Rat ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | January 30, 952 | 28th of February | March 29 | April 27th | May 27th | June 25 | July 25th | August 23 | September 22nd | 22 of October | 20 November | December 20 | |
| 7th year Tenryaku ( Water Bull ) | 1st moon | 1st moon * (leap) | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * |
| Julian calendar | January 18, 953 | February 17 | March 18 | April 16th | 16th of May | June 14th | the 14 th of July | 12th of August | 11 September | October 11 | 10th of November | 9th December | January 8, 954 |
| 8th year Tenryaku ( Wooden Tiger ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 6, 954 | March 8 | April 6th | 5 May | June 4th | 3 July | August 2 | August 31 | September 30th | October 30 | November 28 | December 28th | |
| 9th year Tenryaku ( Wooden Rabbit ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon | 9th moon * (leap) | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 27, 955 | 25 February | March 27th | 25th of April | May 24th | June 23 | July 22 | August 20 | September 19th | October 19th | November 17th | December 17th | January 16, 956 |
| 10th year Tenryaku ( Fire Dragon ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 15, 956 | March 15th | 14th of April | may 13 | June 11 | July 11th | August 9th | September 7th | October 7th | November 6th | 5th of December | January 4, 957 | |
| 11th year Tenryaku ( Fire Snake ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 3, 957 | the 5th of March | April 3 | May 3 | June 1st | 30 June | July 30th | August 28 | September 26th | October 26th | November 24th | December 24th |
- * An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 730.
- ↑ 1 2 Petrova and Goreglyad, 1963 , p. 206.
- ↑ 1 2 East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 (ニ ッ ポ ニ カ)』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponica Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database Archived July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute (Taiwan)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Titsing, 1834 , p. 139.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Titsing, 1834 , p. 140.
- ↑ Japanese literature of the VIII — XVI centuries. Petersburg Oriental Studies, 1997: - Page 124
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - S. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Slogans of rule // Description of Japanese manuscripts, woodcuts and early printed books. Vol. I .. - Moscow: Oriental literature , 1963. - S. 204-210. - 243 p.
- History of Japan / Ed. A.E. Zhukova. - M .: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times until 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- Eliseev D. History of Japan. Between China and the Pacific Ocean / per. with fr. M. Yu. Nekrasov. - St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2008 .-- 318 p. - ISBN 978-5-8071-0296-7 .
- (Fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.