Rogachev, Alexander Nikolaevich

Born in 1912 in the Mordovian village of Aldia (Ryazan province, after the revolution, he moved to the Morshansk district of the Tambov province ) in a family of poor people . His father, Nikolai Ivanovich, was drafted into the soldiers in World War I and went missing. Mother, Pelageya Lukyanovna, was left with two children; she worked as a cook at the Nikolaev mill in Spassky Uyezd , and according to other stories of A. N. Rogachev they happened to go with a bag . After the Civil War he labored , attended a rural school in the winter. Alexander Nikolaevich subsequently warmly recalled his school teacher, A.S. Troepolsky, at the insistence of which, after the fourth grade, he went to Morshansk to continue his education at the age of seven. In 1925 he joined the pioneer organization , in 1928, without completing the seven-year plan, he successfully entered the Morshansk Pedagogical College , from where, in the spring of 1930, he entered the pedagogical department of Voronezh University . Due to his illness, he missed the beginning of his studies, in connection with which he was transferred to the Leningrad Institute of Literature and History (later the Leningrad Institute of History, Philosophy and Linguistics ), which then functioned at 11, Universitetskaya Embankment , where he found himself at the “Museum- local history department. " In the summer of 1931, the future scientist for the first time participated in a trainee archaeological expedition led by A. A. Miller .

In LIFLI, Rogachev listened to lectures by I.N. Vinnikov (the history of primitive society ), F.V. Kiparisov (history of material culture and museology ). In 1933, having “shocked” graduated from high school, he entered the graduate school of the Institute for the History of the Pre-Class Society of GAIMK in the Department of the History of Antenatal Societies. Its supervisor was P. P. Efimenko ; the first two years of writing a dissertation under his leadership, A. N. Rogachev devoted to the study of a wide range of Soviet and world scientific literature on his subject. The topic of the candidate’s dissertation has changed several times, in the final version it sounded “Paleolithic site of Kostenki IV (Aleksandrovskaya) ” - in 1936, the applicant works on an archaeological expedition in Kostenki , with which he worked closely further. Since 1938, Rogachev has been officially approved by the head of the Kostenkov expedition of the IIMK Academy of Sciences of the USSR. During this period, he noticed that in some sections of the Aleksandrovskaya camp, the materials of round dwellings overlap the materials of long ones, from which it was concluded that one culture existed there later than another, which was a very fresh look for that time.

Work on the dissertation was interrupted due to draft in the army at the end of 1939 in connection with armed conflicts in the Far East. Before the German attack on the Soviet Union, A. N. Rogachev managed to get into the political department and receive an officer rank. During the war years he served in airdrome service units - first the 1st Air Army of the Western Front , then the 3rd Air Army of the First Belorussian Front . Until December 1945, he served in the occupation forces in Germany, then he was transferred to the Tauride Military District - he could only be demobilized and restored to the post of MNF LOIIIMK in the summer of 1947.

A year after coming from the army, on July 7, 1948, A. N. Rogachev defended his thesis “Primitive communal settlement of the Paleolithic time of Kostenki 4”. The dissertation contained a description of long dwellings and did not affect round ones. Immediately after the defense, he again went to Kostenki. Further studies concerning the real stratigraphic sequence of the monuments showed the failure in relation to the Kostenkov sites of the “stadial” Paleolithic concept adopted earlier in the USSR, according to which the stages of stone processing succeeded each other sequentially, regardless of the region, and the sequence of such stages was precisely established by Marxist science. Despite his own Marxist convictions, Rogachev opposed this method to a “concrete historical” approach, refused to consider a Marxist scheme inconsistent with facts ^[2] . Despite the fact that the official debunking of the “ teaching on the language ” of N. Ya. Marr helped the ideological opposition to the standard concept in the former Soviet Paleolithology, in 1953 the scientist was suspended from work, and he began to check the conclusions he made together with a group of geologists special commission. She acknowledged their conclusions about the marking value of humus interlayers and volcanic ash , as well as about terrace stratigraphy (the latter, however, later turned out to be not quite true).

In addition to Kostenok, Rogachev in 1949 also supervised the work of the Avdeev expedition in connection with the death of M.V. Voevodsky .

He defended his doctoral dissertation “Multilayer parking sites of the Kostenkovsko-Borshevsky district” in 1963.

A convinced supporter of Marxism-Leninism , a member of the Komsomol since 1928, the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (Bolsheviks) since 1932. According to the memoirs of A. A. Formozov , “he remained a man of little culture ... But he was naturally observant, working, even gifted. ... He indisputably proved that the development of culture in the Paleolithic was multilinear. " He did not speak foreign languages, but read foreign literature with a dictionary.

Rogachev considered primitive archeology an independent discipline, in contrast to the archeology of the historical period, which, in his opinion, is a section of general historical source study.

• Platonova N.I., Anikovich M.V. Alexander Nikolaevich Rogachev: materials, memories, reflections // Problems of the early pores of the Upper Paleolithic of the Kostenkovsko-Borschevsky region and adjacent territories. / Proceedings of the Kostenkov-Borschev Archaeological Expedition, IIMK RAS . - SPb. , 2005. - Issue. 3 . - S. 10-28 .
• Rogachev, Alexander Nikolaevich - article from the biographical dictionary “Historians of the Kursk Territory”