architectural monument (federal)
| Sight | |
| The main building of the arms factory | |
|---|---|
 Main building in 2007 | |
| A country |  Russia |
| City | Izhevsk, passage Deryabin , 3 [1] |
| Architectural style | Empire [1] |
| Project Author | Dudin S. Ye. [1] [2] |
| Architect | Dudin S. Ye. [1] [2] |
| Building | 1808 - 1843 years |
| Key dates | |
| 1807 - Decree on the construction of the plant 1807-1808 - drawing up a plan and project 1815 - construction of the building 1834 - severe fire, partial destruction 1843 - end of restoration after a fire 1966 - overhaul of the tower | |
| Status |  An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 181410166860006 ( EGROKN ). Object No. 1810003001 (Wikigid database) |
| Height | 50 meters |
| condition | Poor [3] |
The main building of the weapons factory is an industrial building of the 19th century, the central building of the Izhevsk arms factory complex, located at Izhevsk , Deryabin 3, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated February 20, 1995 No. 176, the building of the main building of the arms factory is recognized as a monument of town planning and architecture of the federal (all-Russian) values [3] [4] . The entire ensemble of the Main Building consists of six buildings [5] with a total area of 21,045 m 2 [6] . It belongs to the rare Admiralty type factory buildings, of which there are only four in Russia: the Votkinsk plant building , the Admiralty and the Izhora plant in St. Petersburg, and the main building of the Izhevsk arms factory [7] (project developer S. E. Dudin is a student of A. D. Zakharov [ 8] , the creator of the complex of buildings of the Admiralty).
History
The decree on the construction of the Izhevsk arms factory was given by Alexander I on February 6, 1807 [8] , on June 10, 1807, an arms office was founded in Izhevsk (this date is considered to be the birthday of the Izhevsk arms factory [8] ), a little later a decision was made to establish the production of weapons, building a new plant combined with an existing ironworks, potentially the main supplier of raw materials. The construction of the new plant was entrusted to the mining engineer Andrei Fedorovich Deryabin (later - the founder and first director of the Department of Mining and Salt Affairs), the head of Perm plants [4] .
It was decided to build a four-story building, the development of the project in 1807-1808 was entrusted to an artist of the 14th class [9] , a graduate of the Academy of Arts Semyon Yemelyanovich Dudin , a student of the outstanding architect A. D. Zakharov [8] , who already had experience in designing an arms factory in Italy .
By 1815 the building was erected, then a three-story east wing was built with a transition to the main building, the final decoration of the interior and installation of equipment continued until 1820. Izhevsk Arms Plant became the first multi-story industrial building in Russia [1] .
In 1833, chimes were installed in the tower. On the night of March 18, 1834, a severe fire occurred in the building of the Main Building, the tower collapsed. Restoration work began in May 1834. They were attended by: Colonel of the construction team, the author of the restoration project A. B. Andreev, architects D. I. Visconti, I. I. Charleman, A. D. Brykin, engineer A. P. Semenov, painter and sculptor A. I Samotokhin, sculptor-mint P. S. Trubenkov. Engineer A. B. Elfimov [4] [10] supervised the work.
As a result of restoration in 1836, an arch bridge was thrown from the dam to the third floor, and a year later the restoration was over. In 1838, the chimes newly installed on the factory tower were put into operation (they were again donated by the 74-year-old “retired haberdashery and stamp master” Schnotz with an assistant R. Glushkov) [4] .
In 1843, the construction of the Main Building, which cost the state 1.7 million rubles, was completed [4] .
On June 10, 1907, a monument to the founder of the arms factory A.F. Deryabin was erected on the dam opposite the Main Building in honor of the 100th anniversary of the plant [2] .
In 2011, the condition of the building became critical; in March, an initiative group of residents of Izhevsk proposed a “subbotnik”, within which it was proposed to remove a meter-long layer of snow from the roof of a dilapidated building [11] , on April 2, a rally was held on the central square of Izhevsk demanding the authorities of Izhevsk and Udmurtia take urgent measures to save the Main Corps of the Arms Plant [12] , and in August 2011 a phased restoration and reconstruction of the building began: first, the repair of the load-bearing roof structures and cornices, then the change of the roof. Later in the building it was planned to open a historical and cultural center [5] [13] .
As of April 2014, the condition of the building is unsatisfactory, but reconstruction cannot be started, since the building is federal property, and local authorities cannot begin repair and restoration work [7] .
On July 3, 2018, the tower of the main building caught fire; as a result of the fire, her spire collapsed [14] [15] .
Building Description
Since the plant was built in a low swampy area, on the banks of the Izhevsk Pond , special attention was paid to the construction and strengthening of foundations. 8 million bricks went to the four-story building [4] .
The interior is eight large vaulted halls.
The length of the building is 350 meters [12] . In the central part of the building there is a colonnade of 10 semicircular pilasters, which supports entablature and a two-tier attic serving as the foot of the tower (total height 50 [1] or 51 meters [12] ), consisting of three volumes and ending with a high spire in the form of a Doric column - traditional the tower spire was replaced by a triumphal column with a bronze double-headed eagle that trampled trophy cannons and armor and French single-headed eagles (as a symbol of the recent victory in the Patriotic War of 1812 ), but in 1919 the eagle was dropped and drowned in a pond [4] . In the lower, more massive tier of the tower, high ringing openings are cut, in which a set of ten bells of the factory clock-chimes is placed (authorship of the master Schnotz with assistant R. Glushkov) [4] .
The general condition of the monument is unsatisfactory [3] , the deviation of the top of the column from the vertical is more than a meter [4] [16] .
Gallery
Main building in 2007
The main building after the fire in July 2018
Building view
Columns of the main building
A plaque on the building of the building
A plaque on the building of the building
Model of the main building of the arms factory in the Izhmash Museum
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 The main building of the Izhevsk arms factory . Date of treatment December 2, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Tuganaev, 2008 , p. 525.
- ↑ 1 2 3 The main building of the arms factory (inaccessible link) . Of. FSUE GIVC website of the Ministry of Culture of Russia. Date of treatment December 2, 2014. Archived March 4, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The main building of the Izhevsk arms factory . Site "Izhevsk Museum". Date of treatment December 2, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Fedor Antonov. The main building of the Izhevsk arms factory will become a historical and cultural center (Rus.) // Bulletin of the Udmurt Republic: Newspaper. - May 24, 2011.
- ↑ The architectural monument “The main building of the Izhevsk arms factory” is the property of the Russian Federation . Of. site of the Head of the Udmurt Republic and the Government of the Udmurt Republic. Date of treatment December 2, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Irina Burtseva. Is it possible to restore the building of the Armory in Izhevsk in three years? (Russian) // Komsomolskaya Pravda (Izhevsk). - April 29, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Izhevsk Plant . Site "Archeology and Local History of the Urals". Date of treatment December 2, 2014.
- ↑ Semen Emelyanovich Dudin - a professional Izhevsk architect . Date of treatment December 2, 2014.
- ↑ Igor Bobrov. The spire of the Izhmash tower collapsed during a fire in Izhevsk . Online edition of IZHLIFE . LLC "Radio - Invest" (18-07-03). Date accessed August 29, 2018.
- ↑ To clean the attic of the main building of the Izhevsk arms factory Izhevsk citizens are asking for snow . IA "Arguments in Izhevsk." Date of treatment December 2, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 3 A rally in Izhevsk to save the Main Corps of the Arms Plant (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment December 2, 2014. Archived February 18, 2015.
- ↑ Reconstruction of the main building of the Izhevsk arms factory began in the capital of Udmurtia . GTRK Udmurtia (08/12/2011). Date of treatment December 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bobrov, Igor . The spire of the Izhmash tower collapsed during a fire in Izhevsk , IZHLIFE (July 4, 2018). Date of treatment July 4, 2018.
- ↑ Andrey Andreev. In Izhevsk, as a result of a fire, the spire of an ancient tower Collapsed . Internet portal of the "Russian newspaper" . Federal State Budgetary Institution "Edition of" the Russian newspaper "(18-07-03). Date accessed August 29, 2018.
- ↑ Architecture and architecture . State Institution “Republican Library for Children and Youth”. Date of treatment December 2, 2014. (unavailable link)
Literature
- Udmurt Republic: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. V.V. Tuganaev . - 2nd ed., Rev. and additional .. - Izhevsk: Udmurtia , 2008 .-- 767 p. - 2200 copies. - ISBN 978-5-7659-0486-2 .
- Bolkhovitinov E. A. Description of the Izhevsk Iron-Making Arms Plant // Herald of Europe. - 1817. - No. 15-16.
- Shumilov E.F.City-plants on Izh and Votka // Monuments of the Fatherland. Full description of Russia. Udmurtia: Almanac of VOOPIIK. - 1995. - No. 1-2.
- Monuments of the Fatherland. Full description of Russia. Udmurtia. 1995.