"Supernica War" ( Dutch: Keteloorlog or Marmietenoorlog ) - a military confrontation between the troops of the Netherlands of the United Provinces and the Holy Roman Empire on October 8, 1784. The conflict got its name because the only shot fired in this war destroyed only the soup soup.
| Soup War | |||
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| date of | October 8, 1784 | ||
| A place | Netherlands , Scheldt estuary | ||
| Cause | Scheldt traffic restrictions | ||
| Total | Fontainebleau Treaty | ||
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Content
- 1 Background
- 2 Events
- 3 Summary
- 4 notes
Background
After the Dutch revolution, the northern provinces of the Netherlands created their own republic , while the southern (now Belgium and Luxembourg ) remained part of Spain . In 1585, the Northern Netherlands placed barriers at the mouth of the Scheldt River, so merchant ships could no longer reach the ports of Antwerp and Ghent . This gave a huge impetus to the development of the economy of the Northern Netherlands (especially Amsterdam ), but the southern cities suffered greatly from the loss of their convenient trade position.
The blocking of the movement of ships on the Scheldt was confirmed by the Westphalian Peace Treaty in 1648, signed by the Spanish side. After the War of the Spanish Succession , in 1714, the Spanish Netherlands were transferred to Austria .
The diplomatic revolution of 1756 led to the fact that Austria, including the Austrian Netherlands , became an ally of France . Prussia , a former ally of France, entered into an alliance with England . This sensational change at that time made sense of all previous strategic assumptions and plans. It was previously assumed that the South Netherlands would serve as a barrier between the Republic of the United Provinces and France, and the security of the republic depended on close ties with Austria and the United Kingdom. Now, for the Dutch, it was all the more profitable to remain a neutral side and not to intervene in the conflicts between England and France, as well as Austria and Prussia [1] .
Events
In 1784, the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II demanded the unhindered passage of ships through the mouth of Scheldt. This requirement was supported by England. France supported the Dutch. Although the army of the Austrian Netherlands was not well equipped, did not have artillery and a supply system, Joseph II decided to threaten the war [2] , being convinced that the Dutch would not dare to resist. He sent three ships (including the merchant ship Le Louis with the imperial flag) along the Scheldt from Antwerp towards her mouth. On October 8, 1784, the Dutch warship Dolfijn was sent to intercept the imperial ships. After the only cannon shot that hit the tureen on deck, the Le Louis crew surrendered [3] .
On October 30, Joseph II declared war on the Republic of the United Provinces.
Austrian troops invaded Dutch territory and occupied the old fortress in Lillo (now part of Antwerp), at that time used as a vegetable garden. They destroyed the dams, which led to flooding in a large area with human casualties.
Summary
As a consequence of this short battle and with the mediation of France, negotiations were reopened between the countries. This led to the conclusion in 1785 of the Fontainebleau Treaty . It was decided that Scheldt would be closed to shipping, but the South Netherlands would receive compensation for this. According to rough estimates, the Republic paid two million guilders (according to other sources - ten million guilders) [4] .
Movement along the river was opened in 1792, but the Netherlands took a toll on it until 1863, even after Belgium gained independence .
Notes
- ↑ Israel, Jonathan. The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806. - Oxford University Press, 1995. - P. 1094. - ISBN 978-0198207344 .
- ↑ Allmayer-Beck, J. C. (1980) Das Heerwesen under Joseph II., P. 43. In: Ōsterreich zur Zeit Kaiser Josephs II. Mitregent Kaiserin Maria Theresias, Kaiser und Landesfūrst. Niederōsterreicheische Landesausstellung. Stift Melk.
- ↑ Habermehl, N. (2000) Joan Cornelis van der Hoop (1742–1825) Marinebestuurder voor stadhouder Willem V en koning Willem I, p. 91.
- ↑ Gutka, K. (1980) Die Aussenpolitiek Ōsterreich zwischen 1740 und 1790, p. 74. In: Ōsterreich zur Zeit Kaiser Josephs II. Mitregent Kaiserin Maria Theresias, Kaiser und Landesfūrst. Niederōsterreicheische Landesausstellung. Stift Melk.