Energy of the Crimea is a large sector of the Crimean economy . The peninsula has significant reserves of energy minerals and the potential of renewable sources . Gas and oil are being extracted, as well as electricity and heat. The energy system of Crimea is heavily dependent on external supplies of electricity and oil products.
The level of gasification of the Crimea is about 80% [1] . 26 land gas and oil fields were discovered on land in Crimea, 8 in the Black Sea; proven reserves of these deposits - 15 million tons of standard fuel [1] .
With the actual accession of Crimea to Russia, the reliability of gas supply and power supply systems decreased. There are new tasks to reduce the energy dependence of the Crimea from Ukraine. [2] In 2015–2018, as a solution, it is planned to build two gas power plants of 470 MW each with a total capacity of 940 MW, as well as a cable crossing and gas pipeline through the Kerch Strait . [2]
The first line of the first stage power bridge for 200 MW was launched on December 2, 2015, and the second line of the first stage for 200 MW was launched on December 15, 2015. Thus, on December 15, about 400 MW of electricity was supplied from mainland Russia from the Kuban to the Crimea, and by May 2016, another 2 strands of the 2nd stage power bridge with a total capacity of 400 MW were launched, which ultimately amounted to 800 MW of the total power of the bridge. Thus, the Crimean energy system was physically connected to the UES of Russia. On December 29, 2016, the management of the Crimean power system, which was previously carried out by the State Unitary Enterprise RK Krymenergo, was transferred to the Black Sea Regional Dispatch Department of the SO UES of Russia [3] [4] .
Content
Electricity
| Primary energy carriers | 2012 [6] | 2013 [7] |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear power plants | 46.97% | 44.27% |
| Thermal Power Plants | 39.73% | 40.34% |
| Hydroelectric power stations | 5.85% | 7.88% |
| Thermal Power Plants | 7.02% | 6.65% |
| Small hydropower plants | 0.10% | 0.16% |
| Wind farms | 0.14% | 0.36% |
| Solar power plants | 0.18% | 0.32% |
| Biomass | 0.01% | 0.02% |
| Other | 0.00% | 0,0% |
In the structure of electricity consumption, the population accounts for 46%, industry - 17.6%, and agriculture - 6.7%. [1] There are no seasonal fluctuations in the region, which is usually not typical for enterprises in the energy sector. In the winter months, the proportion of electricity spent on lighting and heating increases; in summer, consumption in the resort area and for the needs of irrigation systems increase.
During the hours of the morning maximum, the consumption for 2014 reaches 1100 MW, and the evening consumption - 900 MW. [8] The maximum capacity of own generation is 182 MW (excluding solar and wind generation), mobile - 337 MW. [8] In October 2015, the capacity of its own generation was increased to 500 MW. [9] In 2017, the overflow from the UES of the South of Russia is up to 800 MW, the volume of own generation is about 160 MW, the generation of MHPPs is about 300 MW (the total amount of power supplied is up to 1260 MW, excluding alternative sources of electricity and RISE) [ 10] . By this year, in the Crimea, many-year maximums of energy consumption were achieved: winter - 1427 MW, summer - 1249 [11] .
Power Generation
Own electricity production on the peninsula is 1131 million kWh per year, which provides 21% of total consumption. One of the main suppliers of electricity is the Rostov NPP .
According to Soviet plans for the development of energy, Crimea had to fully support itself through its own nuclear power plant. But after the Chernobyl accident , it was decided to abandon the completion of the construction of the Crimean NPP , despite the fact that the readiness of the first unit was 90% and nuclear fuel was delivered. [12] In 2014, the refusal to continue the construction was due to the lack of ready-made projects for small and medium capacity blocks . [12]
Mobile gas turbine stations
| Primary energy carriers | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| million kWh | % | million kWh | % | million kWh | % | million kWh | % | million kWh | % | |
| Total | 7128 [14] | one hundred % | 5416.6 [15] | one hundred % | 5158 [16] | one hundred % | 7154 [17] | one hundred % | 7442 [17] | one hundred % |
| Own generation | 1171 | 16.43% | 1130.6 | 20.87% | 1336 | 25.90% | 2779 | 38.85% | 2236 | 30.04% |
| Thermal Power Plants | 828 | 11.62% | 678.2 | 12.52% | 708 | 13.73% | ||||
| MGTES | - | - | 169 | 3.13% | 165 | 3.20% | ||||
| Renewable sources | 343 | 4.81% | 280.3 | 5.17% | 462 | 8.96% | ||||
| Wind farms | 46 | 0.65% | 114.9 | 2.12% | 137 | 2.66% | ||||
| Solar power plants | 297 | 4.17% | 165.4 | 3.05% | 325 | 6.30% | ||||
In the spring of 2014, mobile gas turbine stations were installed in Crimea: 9 stations were delivered from Olympic Sochi, 4 more unused stations were brought from the Moscow Region. The costs of their movement amounted to 2 billion rubles. [eighteen]
On September 20, 2014, as a result of a short circuit and subsequent fire, one complete 110/10 kV mobile substation was damaged and malfunctioned at Simferopol MGTES. [19]
At the end of November 2015, the MHPP provided the generation of 70% of all Crimean electricity. [20] Then it was decided to supply two additional mobile gas turbine power plants from Vladivostok owned by PAO RAO Energy Systems of the East. On December 10, the power module of the first station was delivered to Crimea by An-124 Ruslan aircraft; on December 14, the automatic control system module and power transformer with a capacity of 30 MVA were delivered on the second flight. [21] As a result, the 14th MHPP was put into operation on December 31 at the Sevastopolskaya site. January 14, 2016 at the Zapadno-Krymskaya site - the last fifteenth MHPP.
As of February 19, 2016 all 15 MHPPs were operational and were in operation according to the commands of the dispatcher of the State Unitary Enterprise RK Krymenergo. An annual maintenance was planned for March and April. [22] In March, a fire broke out at the West Crimean MHPP and one unit was lost.
Since September 24, 2016, MHPPs have been operating in the basic mode to ensure repair work on power lines that provide power flow from the UES of the South.
In 2017, another 4 MHPPs with a total capacity of 90 MW were delivered. [23]
By the end of September 2017, the total generation reached 1925.6 million kWh. [24] Mobile stations 11,419 times connected to the network according to the FGP and the command of the duty dispatcher of the CRDU. [24] The total operating time was 113.1 thousand hours. [24]
Mobile gas turbine power plants with a total capacity of 405 MW (18 × 22.5 MW Pratt & Whitney Power Systems , 75 t [25] ) are located at three sites near substations of the same name and are connected to 110 kV switchgears: [26]
- “Simferopolskaya” (substation 330/220/110 kV “Simferopolskaya”, Denisovka village - 6 MHPP [27] ),
- "Sevastopol" (substation 330/220/110 kV "Sevastopol", the village of Sturmovoye - 6 MGTES):
- three stations in 2014, one in 2015 and two [24] in 2017,
- Zapadno-Krymskaya (330/110 kV Substation Zapadno-Krymskaya, Karyernoye village, Saki district - 6 MGTES)
- four stations in 2014, one in 2016 [27] and one [24] [28] in 2017, and GTU-3 was also commissioned in 2017 [28] .
Thermal Power Plants
Gas-fired thermal power plants:
- Simferopol TPP : 100 MW [29] , 490 Gcal / h. Two gas turbines GTU-100-750-3M with a total capacity of 210 MW, designed to cover peak loads, are decommissioned.
- Sevastopol TPP : 33 MW, 153.3 Gcal / h
- Kamysh-Burunskaya CHPP : 32 MW from December 10, 2015 [30] [31] , 175 Gcal / h. It is planned to install 126 MW CCGT. [32]
- Saki TPP : 12 MW, 20 MW (CCGT), 88.1 Gcal / h
- Thermal Power Plant of PJSC “Crimean Soda Plant”: 11 MW [33] ,
- Thermal Power Station of PJSC Crimean Titan: 9.8 MW [33] ,
- BKGPEA-500: 0.5 MW, 0.5 Gcal / h. Located in Yevpatoriya . It is used for autonomous power supply of boiler house electrical equipment. Thermal energy is used for hot water supply. [34]
In 2015, Simferopol, Sakskaya and Kamysh-Burunskaya TPPs were temporarily decommissioned for repairs. By the end of June, repairs were completed at the Simferopol TPP. Work was completed in Saki, in September work was to be completed at the Kamysh-Burun power plant. [35]
In March 2019, new TPPs were commissioned:
- Balaklava TPP : the customer is Technopromexport OJSC. Designer - the group of companies "Engineering". On May 15, 2015, a site was allocated in the area of Fedyukhin Heights [36] . The first unit with a capacity of 235 MW was put into operation (in commissioning mode) in October 2018 [37] [38] ; The second unit of the Balaklava TPP began to supply energy to the grid on December 28, 2018. [39] The official commissioning ceremony took place on March 18, 2019. [11] The total capacity is 470 MW. [40]
- Tavricheskaya TPP : the first unit with a capacity of 235 MW was put into operation (in commissioning mode) in October 2018 [37] [38] . The second unit of the thermal power plant reached its rated capacity on December 28, 2018. [41] The official ceremony of putting the TPP into operation at full capacity took place on March 18, 2019. [11] Two combined-cycle units of 235 MW each, total capacity - 470 MW. [40]
Planned construction:
- Dzhankoy TPP 24 MW; [42]
- Black Sea TPP 16 MW. [42]
Renewable Sources
In 2010-2012, four solar parks were built on the peninsula: Rodnikovoe , Okhotnikovo , Perovo , Mityaevo , with a total capacity of 227.3 MW.
Until April 2014, the Crimean alternative energy was subsidized by the “ green tariff ”, when the electricity from the producer was bought an order of magnitude more expensive than the consumer paid for it. [43] After the Crimean leadership refused to raise tariffs, the solar stations were stopped until August, when electricity producers agreed to lower the price from 14.5 to 3.42 rubles per kWh. [43] Moreover, the tariff for the population ranged from 0.95 to 3.26 rubles, for enterprises - from 3.3 to 4.22 rubles per kWh. [43]
In September 2014, the total actual capacity of solar power plants was 160-180 MW, wind generators - up to 50 MW [44] , with installed capacity of solar power plants 227.3 MW, wind farms - 87 MW. [45]
The previously built SES "Nikolaevka" was put into operation in 2015. The commissioning of the Vladislavovka SES was postponed due to the need to issue new technical conditions, taking into account the construction of the energy bridge and the Kafa substation.
In Crimea, there is a mini-hydroelectric power station on the Partizansky reservoir , the generated electricity is spent on the needs of a water supply pumping station. [46]
Diesel Generator Sets
In addition to mobile gas turbine stations in the Crimea, 1,500 diesel generators with a total capacity of 310 MW were placed [47] , including 215 diesel generators with a total capacity of 32 MW in Sevastopol [48] . Unlike MHPPs, they are not connected to the Krymenergo network, but are used in emergency mode to autonomously supply socially important facilities. In some cases, it was possible to implement a mechanism for the transition of social facilities to DGU to reduce fan outages during peak hours. [49]
At the end of 2015, the number of generators was increased to 2168, it was also decided to transfer generators to the balance of the State Unitary Enterprise “Crimean Generating Systems”. In February 2016, 152 generators were inoperative. [50] By March 2016, there were 2,223 autonomous generators in the Republic of Crimea. [51]
The lack of unification makes it difficult to repair diesel generators and requires working with dozens of suppliers. [52]
Diesel generators are complex and expensive to operate and maintain, a more cost-effective alternative to cover the deficit in the morning and evening rush hours is to replace incandescent lamps with LED ones. In the first project - the hospital to them. Semashko consumption reduction amounted to 0.53 MW. [53] The Crimean government is considering the possibility of transferring state institutions to LED lighting and calls on residents to do so.
Oil and Gas Sector
The first natural gas field in the Crimea with industrial reserves was discovered in November 1960. In 1965, the Glebovsky gas condensate field with reserves of 4.6 billion m³ was prepared for development.
Field development is carried out by the Crimean republican enterprise " Chernomorneftegaz " Krymgazseti. In 1999, gas reserves in the North-Kazantip field were estimated at 18–20 billion cubic meters [54] .
Gas consumption is approximately equal to its production: 1.5-1.6 billion cubic meters per year. Underground gas storage helps to solve the deficit problem during the heating season [55] : peak consumption during the heating period reaches 10 ... 12 million m³ with an average daily production of 5.3 million m³ [56] .
Gas transmission system
On October 7, 1966, the Ministry of Gas Industry of the Soviet Union commissioned the Glebovka-Simferopol trunk gas pipeline with a length of 102.4 km. [57] Gasification of Crimea continued with the construction of gas pipelines: Simferopol-Sevastopol, Dzhankoy-Simferopol, Armyansk-Dzhankoy, Bakhchisaray-Yalta. [57] In 1992, the Krasnoperekopsk-Glebovskoye UGS gas trunk pipeline, 97 km in length with a diameter of 1020/10, was put into operation, which looped through the Crimea gas transmission system. [57]
The existing gas transmission system of Crimea includes over 1800 km of gas pipelines, of which 950 km are trunk and 410 km are offshore. There is a connection with the gas transmission system of Ukraine. In 2013, about 1.6 billion m³ of local natural gas was pumped.
The main gas pipelines:
- Black Sea shelf - Glebovsky UGS - Simferopol - Sevastopol;
- Perekop - Dzhankoy - Simferopol - Sevastopol, with a branch to Yalta - Alushta;
- Dzhankoy - Theodosius - Kerch, with a supply from the Azov shelf;
- Perekop - Glebovsky UGS facility
Knots: Simferopol, Dzhankoy, Glebovka, Perekop.
The construction of a new gas pipeline Kerch - Simferopol - Sevastopol will allow the system to be closed in a ring.
In 2016, the gasification rate in Crimea was 73%: in cities - 86.4%, in rural areas - 46.2% [58] , in 2017 - 73.4% [59] .
Underwater Pipeline
In 2016, an underwater gas pipeline was built through the Kerch Strait . First of all, the gas pipeline allows providing the base power plants in Simferopol and Sevastopol, which were commissioned in early 2019. [60]
The Krasnodar Territory - Crimea gas pipeline originates from the Southern Corridor . The total length of the pipeline will be 135 km, the diameter of the pipe - from 500 to 700 mm. [60] On the territory of the Kerch Peninsula, the highway enters the area of the village of Chelyadinovo . [61]
The branch is located between the Russkaya and Cossack compressor stations. The new Crimea-Kuban gas pipeline is connected to the existing Dzhankoy-Feodosiya-Kerch pipeline. [62] The throughput is 4.4 billion m³ per year, while the planned demand of Crimea is 2.2 billion m³ per year. [60]
Work began in the first half of 2016. [60]
In February 2015, information on the zone allocated for the construction of a 250-km gas pipeline with branches to Simferopol and Sevastopol TPPs was put on the cadastral map of the Russian Federation. [63] On December 27, 2016, the gas pipeline was commissioned [64] [65] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Energy system of the Crimea. Dossier . TASS (March 24, 2014). Date of treatment December 2, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Crimea can be an example for the rapid development of Russia . Portal Energy (2014). Date of treatment December 31, 2014.
- ↑ State Unitary Enterprise RK Krymenergo transferred the functions of operational dispatch control of the Crimean energy system to the system operator . State Unitary Enterprise RK Krymenergo. Date of treatment December 30, 2016.
- ↑ Crimean energy system adopted under the centralized operational dispatch control . Branch of JSC SO UES ODU Yuga. Date of treatment December 30, 2016.
- ↑ Share of various sources of electric energy in the total volume of deliveries to Crimean consumers.
- ↑ The share of each energy source in the total volume and value of the purchased electric energy in 2012 . DTEK Krymenergo (September 11, 2013). Date of treatment December 3, 2014.
- ↑ The share of each energy source in the total volume and value of electric energy purchased in 2013 . DTEK Krymenergo (March 6, 2014). Date of treatment December 3, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 INFORMATION ON THE SITUATION WITH ELECTRIC SUPPLY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA AND G. SEVASTOPOL . Ministry of Energy of Russia (December 26, 2014). Date of treatment December 26, 2014.
- ↑ Crimea increased electricity generation to 500 mW, providing half the demand . TASS. Date of treatment November 29, 2015.
- ↑ Andrei Cherezov held an offsite meeting of the Government Commission on ensuring the security of electricity supply (federal headquarters) on the preparation of electric power entities of the Southern Federal District for work in the autumn-winter period
- ↑ 1 2 3 How Crimea has changed as part of Russia // Kommersant. Error in the footnotes ? : Invalid
<ref>: name “: 0” defined several times for different content - ↑ 1 2 Rosenergoatom: building a nuclear power plant in the Crimea is futile; thermal energy should be developed . TASS (March 22, 2014). Date of treatment June 17, 2015.
- ↑ Share of own sources of electric energy in the total volume of deliveries to Crimean consumers in 2014.
- ↑ Ukraine has limited the power supply to Crimea by half . Finmarket (March 24, 2014). Date of treatment June 17, 2015.
- ↑ Electricity consumption in the Republic of Crimea in 2014 decreased by 478.8 million kilowatt-hours (8.1%) compared with 2013 . Crimea News (February 26, 2015). Date of treatment April 21, 2015.
- ↑ Brief results of the economic development of the Republic of Crimea for 2015 . OK. Date of treatment May 27, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Branch of JSC SO UES Black Sea RDU . UES of Russia . Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- ↑ MOESK and Mobile GTES will receive 2.3 billion rubles. from the budget after sending their facilities to Crimea . Interfax (December 14, 2014). Date of treatment January 2, 2015.
- ↑ A COURT OF ARBITRATION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW. RESERVE A4 0 - 194461/15 - 151 - 1527 (January 21, 2016). Date of treatment November 4, 2017.
- ↑ In Kaliningrad, a comprehensive test of the parallel operation of a mobile gas turbine power station in the 110 kV network of the Kaliningrad region power system successfully conducted . Energy Base (April 18, 2016). Date of treatment May 27, 2016.
- ↑ Andrey Cherezov noted the work of power engineers in relocating mobile gas turbine power plants, ruscable.ru, December 15, 2015
- ↑ Andrei Cherezov held an offsite meeting in the Republic of Crimea on the issue of providing electricity to tourist leisure facilities (inaccessible link) . Mobile GTES (February 19, 2016). Date of treatment February 25, 2016. Archived March 3, 2016.
- ↑ Four mobile gas turbine power plants arrived in Crimea . Kryminform (October 31, 2017). Date of treatment November 4, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 RUSSIA. PREPARATION OF THE ELECTRIC NETWORK COMPLEX OF SEC PJSC ROSSETI IN THE SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT TO PASS THE AUTUMN-WINTER PERIOD 2017/2018 (September 28, 2017). Date of treatment November 4, 2017.
- ↑ Error in footnotes ? : Invalid
<ref>; for footnotes no text is specified - ↑ The head of Rosseti visited the Crimean Federal District in preparation for the power grid complex of the Russian Federation for the autumn-winter period 2014-2015. (inaccessible link) . Mobile GTES (August 14, 2014). Date of treatment December 4, 2014. Archived December 22, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation: almost 740 thousand people were left without electricity in the Crimea . RIA-Novosti (December 24, 2014). Date of treatment December 25, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Andrey Cherezov held an offsite meeting of the Government Commission for the Safety of Electricity Supply (Federal Headquarters) on the issue of preparing the electric power industry of the Southern Federal District for work in the autumn-winter period . minenergo.gov.ru . Official website of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation (September 28, 2017). Date of treatment November 4, 2017.
- ↑ A second turbine Was commissioned at Simferopol TPP . Interfax.ru. Date of treatment November 29, 2015.
- ↑ The reconstruction of the Kamysh-Burunskaya CHPP with an increase in capacity of up to 32 MW will be completed in early December (inaccessible link) . ruinformer.com. Date of treatment November 29, 2015. Archived December 8, 2015.
- ↑ Kamysh-Burunskaya TPP will triple its capacity (inaccessible link) . News online. Date of treatment November 29, 2015. Archived December 8, 2015.
- ↑ Kamysh-Burunskaya CHPP will increase capacity to 120 megawatts . KERCH.COM.RU (December 29, 2014). Date of treatment December 30, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 On measures taken by the Ministry of Energy of Russia to provide electricity to consumers of the Crimean Federal District mobilegtes.ru (November 28, 2015). Date of treatment February 25, 2016. Archived March 3, 2016.
- ↑ Presentation of the implemented pilot project for the installation of a block-container gas piston electric unit BKGPEA-500 in the boiler room at 119 Chapaeva Street in Yevpatoriya Neopr (Unavailable link) . http: //iggne.rk.gov.ru+ ( September 17 , 2014). Date of treatment December 31, 2014. Archived December 31, 2014.
- ↑ By the autumn-winter period, all thermal power plants of the Crimea will be modernized . Kryminform (June 23, 2015). Date of treatment June 23, 2015.
- ↑ In Sevastopol almost 18 km of power lines were built - Menyailo . Kryminform (May 25, 2015). Date of treatment May 26, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 The first blocks of new power plants in the Crimea were put into operation - Cherezov . Kryminform (October 1, 2018). Date of treatment October 2, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 The commissioning of the first TPP units in Crimea is scheduled for early November . TASS. Date of treatment October 2, 2018.
- ↑ The second unit of the Tauride TPP was brought to its rated capacity - Rostec . RIA Novosti Crimea (20181228T0757 + 0300Z). Date of treatment March 24, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 Nadezhda DATSYUK | Komsomolskaya Pravda website. 940 MW for the Crimea: Vladimir Putin launched the Tauride and Balaklava TPPs . KP.RU - Komsomolskaya Pravda website (March 18, 2019). Date of treatment March 24, 2019.
- ↑ The second unit of the Tauride TPP was brought to its rated capacity - Rostec . RIA Novosti Crimea (20181228T0757 + 0300Z). Date of treatment March 24, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 In Crimea, reconstruction of thermal power plants planned . Government of the Republic of Crimea (March 6, 2015). Date of treatment June 24, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Crimea includes the sun and wind . Kommersant (August 8, 2014). Date of treatment September 2, 2014.
- ↑ We won’t stay without light. Solar and wind power plants were launched in Crimea, Sevastopol deployed 217 diesel generators . Site of the city of Sevastopol (September 2, 2014). Date of treatment January 1, 2015.
- ↑ Crimea has a high potential for the development of alternative energy sources (Inaccessible link) . Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea (April 15, 2015). Date of treatment April 22, 2015. Archived June 17, 2015.
- ↑ A mini-hydroelectric power station built on the Partizan reservoir . crimea.kz (February 28, 2013). Date of treatment December 26, 2014.
- ↑ Crimea will increase Russia's energy consumption . Vesti-Economics (November 27, 2014). Date of treatment June 18, 2015.
- ↑ A quarter of Sevastopol's standby diesel generators are not ready to work in emergency conditions - the city government . Kryminform (July 6, 2015). Date of treatment July 6, 2015.
- ↑ Simferopol was able to abandon the blackouts of the housing stock - Bakharev , Kryminform, January 14, 2016
- ↑ Aksyonov instructed the Republican Ministry of Emergency Situations to conduct unscheduled exercises in energy-deficient Crimea . Interfax (February 25, 2016).
- ↑ The total generation in the Crimea is 850 MW , RIA Crimea, 03/10/2016
- ↑ Borodulina explained "unforeseen expenses" on generators: "they do not work" . RIA Crimea (July 27, 2016). Date of appeal September 23, 2016.
- ↑ The first project to replace old lamps with LED lamps in only one hospital gave a saving of half a megawatt . Kryminform (January 27, 2016). Date of treatment February 26, 2016.
- ↑ It is possible to provide Crimea with its own gas
- ↑ Sergey Pyatenko Economics of mood Archival copy of July 1, 2014 at Wayback Machine // Business Journal. — 2014.— No. 4.— P. 14-21
- ↑ 2 million cubic meters of gas are pumped daily to the Glebovsky storage facility for use during peak periods . Kryminform (October 7, 2014). Date of treatment January 12, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 The era of gas independence: half a century ago, the gas transmission system started operating in the Crimea . RIA Crimea (September 30, 2016). Date of appeal September 30, 2016.
- ↑ Krymgazstroy commissioned an inter-settlement high-pressure gas pipeline in the Crimea, which will provide gas to 6 villages . neftegaz.ru (September 16, 2016). Date of treatment September 18, 2016.
- ↑ Vadim Belik: Today, the gasification rate in the republic is 73.4% . Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Republic of Crimea (December 11, 2017). Date of treatment January 5, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 A gas pipeline to the Crimea worth 20 billion will be built in 2016 - the Minister . Kryminform (June 23, 2015). Date of treatment June 23, 2015.
- ↑ A gas pipeline will be laid in Crimea along the bottom of the Kerch Strait . Kryminform (December 9, 2014). Date of treatment December 9, 2014.
- ↑ The future Crimea-Kuban gas pipeline will free Crimea from energy dependence on Ukraine (Inaccessible link) . Kuban News (August 30, 2008). Date of treatment December 25, 2014. Archived December 25, 2014.
- ↑ Information about the zone for the construction of the largest gas trunkline in the Crimea , Goskomregister of the Republic of Crimea, February 20, 2016 is entered on the cadastral map of the Russian Federation
- ↑ Vladimir Putin commissioned a gas pipeline to Crimea // Kommersant. - 2016-12-27.
- ↑ Putin launched gas supply to Crimea from mainland Russia , RIA Novosti . Date of treatment December 27, 2016.
Literature
- Kondratiev S.V., Agibalov S.V. Crimea: Again with Russia. Analytical report . - Institute of Energy and Finance, 2014. - S. 28-31. - 38 p.
Links
- Energy of Crimea
- Development of the electric grid complex of the CFD
- Information on the development and current situation in the fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Crimea for 2014
- Crimea will be able to fully provide itself with electricity in 2018
- gup-krymenergo.crimea.ru - the official website of SUE RK Krymenergo
- krimtec.com - the official website of KrymTEC