Jögan [1] [2] [3] or Jokan [1] ( Jap. 貞 観 jo: Gan, Jo: Kan , uncomplicated look) is the motto of the rule ( nango ) of the Japanese emperors Seyva and Yozei [3] [1] from 859 in 877 year [1] [4] .
| Jogan | |
|---|---|
| Jap. 貞 観 | |
| Serial number | 32 |
| Ruling emperor | Saiva and Yozey |
| Duration | 859-877 years |
| Previous era | Tannan |
| Next era | Gengyo |
Duration
Start and End of an Era: [4] [5] [1]
- The 15th day of the 4th moon of the 3rd year of Tannan (May 20, 859 according to the Julian calendar );
- The 16th day of the 4th moon of the 19th year of the Jogun (according to the Julian calendar - June 1, 877).
Origin
The name Nango was borrowed from the classical Chinese composition of the Book of Changes [4] : 「天地 之 道 、 貞 観 者 也」 [4] .
Events
Dzogan-Eikho ( Jap. 貞 観 永 宝 ) - coins that were minted in 870
- 859 year (1st moon of the 1st year of Jögan) - all New Year holidays were suspended due to national mourning for the deceased emperor Montoku [6] ;
- 866 year (8th year of Dzögan) - Fujiwara clan concentrated in his hands the position of regent sessho ;
- 864 year (5th moon of the 6th year Dzogan) - Mount Fuji erupted in 10 days; from the crater flew a huge amount of slag and ash, which reached the Gulf of Edo . There were casualties, many residential buildings suffered;
- 869 year (the 11th year of Dzogan) - a son was born to the emperor, who in the following year was declared heir to the throne [7] ;
- July 9, 869 (the 11th year of Jogun) - earthquakes and tsunamis swept across the country , destroying most of the Sanriku coast near Sendai ;
- 876 (the 11th moon of the 18th year of Jögön) - the emperor Saves conceded his throne to his five-year-old son, who after some time reigned under the name of the emperor Yozei [7] ;
- 870 year (12th year of Dzogan) - the completion of amendments ( Jap. 貞 観 格式 ) to the basic law of ritsuryo was completed .
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of the Japanese traditional and European numerals. The name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese system Gan-chi is indicated in brackets to the year number of the Japanese era. The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| 1st year Jögan ( Earthen Rabbit ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julian calendar | February 7, 859 | March 8 | April 7 | the 6th of May | June 5 | 4th of July | August 2 | September 1 | September 30th | October 30 | November 28 | December 28th | |
| 2nd year Jögan ( Metal Dragon ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 10th moon (leap) | 11th moon * | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 27th 860 | February 26 | 26 March | 25th of April | May 24 | June 23 | July 22 | August 20 | September 19 | October 18 | November 17 | December 17th | January 15, 861 |
| 3rd year of jogan ( Metal Snake ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 14, 861 | March 15th | 14th of April | May 14 | 12 June | July, 12 | August 10 | 8 September | October 8 | November 6 | December 6 | January 4, 862 | |
| 4th year Jögan ( Water Horse ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 3, 862 | the 5th of March | April 3 | May 3 | June 1st | July 1 | July 31 | August 29 | September 28 | 27th October | November 25 | December 25 | |
| 5th year Jögan ( Water Goat ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 6th moon * (leap) | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon * |
| Julian calendar | January 23 863 | February 22 | March 23 | April 22 | 22nd of May | June 20 | July 20 | August 18 | September 17 | October 16 | 15th of November | December 15 | January 13, 864 |
| 6th year Jögan ( Wooden Monkey ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 11, 864 | March 12 | April 10th | May 10 | June 8 | July 8 | August 6 | September 5 | October 5 | the 3rd of November | December 3 | January 2, 865 | |
| 7th year of jogan ( Wooden rooster ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | January 31 865 | 2nd of March | March 31 | April 29 | May 29 | 27th of June | July 27 | 25-th of August | September 24 | October 24 | November 22 | December 22 | |
| 8th year of jogan ( Fire Dog ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 3rd moon * (leap) | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 21 866 | February 19 | 21 March | April 19 | May 18 | June 16 | July 16 | August 14 | September 13 | October 13 | 11th of November | December 11th | January 10, 867 |
| 9th year Jögan ( Fire Pig ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 9, 867 | 10th of March | April 9 | May 8 | June 6 | 5'th of July | August 4 | September 2 | 2 October | October 31 | November 30th | December 30th | |
| 10th year of jogan ( Ground Rat ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | 12th moon (leap) * |
| Julian calendar | January 29th 868 | February 27 | March 28 | April 27 | 26 of May | June 24 | July 23 | August 22 | September 20 | The 20th of October | November 18th | December 18th | January 17, 869 |
| 11th year of jogan ( Earthen Bull ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 15, 869 | March 17 | April 16 | May 15 | June 14 | July 13 | 12th of August | 10 September | October 9 | November 8 | December 7th | January 6th 870 | |
| 12th year Jögan ( Metal Tiger ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 5, 870 | March, 6 | 5th of April | 5 May | June 3 | 3 July | August 1 | August 31 | September 29 | 28 of October | November 27 | December 26th | |
| 13th year of jogan ( Metal Rabbit ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 8th moon (leap) | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 25 871 | February 23 | March 25 | April 24 | May, 23rd | 22nd of June | 21 July | August 20 | September 18 | October 18 | November 16 | December 16 | January 14, 872 |
| 14th year of jogan ( Water Dragon ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 13, 872 | March 13 | 12th of April | May 11 | June 10th | July 10 | 8 August | September 7 | October 6 | November 5 | December 4th | January 3, 873 | |
| 15th year of jogan ( Water Snake ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 2, 873 | March, 3rd | April 1 | 1st of May | May 30 | June 29 | July 28th | August 27 | September 26 | the 25th of October | November 24 | December 24th | |
| 16th year of Jögan ( Wooden Horse ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 4th moon * (leap) | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 23 874 | February 21 | March 22 | 20 April | May 20 | June 18 | July 17th | August 16 | September 15th | October 14 | the 13th of November | December 13th | January 11, 875 |
| 17th year of jogan ( Wooden Goat ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 10, 875 | March 12 | April 10th | May 9 | June 7 | July 7 | 5th of August | 4 September | October 3 | November 2 | December 2nd | January 1, 876 | |
| 18th year Jögan ( Fire Monkey ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | January 30, 876 | February 29 | 30th of March | April 28 | May 27 | June 25 | July 25 | August 23 | September 22nd | October 21 | 20 November | December 20 | |
| 19th year Jögan ( Fire Rooster ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 2nd moon * (leap) | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 18, 877 | February 17 | March 19 | April 17 | May 17 | June 15 | the 14 th of July | August 13 | 11 September | October 11 | November 9 | 9th December | January 7, 878 |
- * The asterisk is marked with short months (moons) lasting 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 729
- ↑ Petrova and Goreglyad, 1963 , p. 210.
- ↑ 1 2 East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V. V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - p. 355.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 (yap.) 』 一 『 『日本 大 百科全書
- ↑ Database of Japanese nango Archive dated July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Humanitarian Institute of the Dharma Drum (Taiwan)
- ↑ Titsing, 1834 , p. 116.
- ↑ 1 2 Titsing, 1834 , p. 122.
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - p. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Board Mottos // Description of Japanese Manuscripts, Prints and Old Printed Books. Issue I .. - Moscow: Eastern literature , 1963. - p. 204-210. - 243 s.
- History of Japan / Ed. A. E. Zhukova. - Moscow : Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times to 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- Eliseev D. History of Japan. Between China and the Pacific Ocean / lane. with fr. M. Yu. Nekrasov. - St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2008. - 318 p. - ISBN 978-5-8071-0296-7 .
- (fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon Odai Itiran, or Review of Imperial Rule in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.