The common river stingray [1] ( lat. Potamotrygon hystrix ) is a species of stingrays of the genus of river stingrays of the same family from the order of stingrays . It lives in the subtropical waters of the basins of the Parana and Paraguay rivers , ( South America ). The maximum recorded length is 70 cm. The pectoral fins of these slopes form a rounded disk. Dorsal and caudal fins absent. In the middle of the caudal stem is a poisonous thorn. These stingrays reproduce by egg production [2] . It is an object of target fishing [3] [4] .
| Common river stingray |
|
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| View: | Common river stingray |
|
| International scientific name |
|---|
Potamotrygon hystrix ( JP Müller & Henle , 1834) |
| Synonyms |
|---|
- Potamotrygon histrix (Müller & Henle, 1841)
- Trygon hystrix Mueller & Henle, 1841
- Potamotrygon hystrix (Mueller & Henle, 1841)
|
| Security status |
|---|
Not enough data IUCN Data Deficient : 161657 |
|
Content
The species was first scientifically described in 1841 [5] . The species epithet comes from the word dr. ὕστριξ - “hedgehog” [6] . Data on the presence of common river stingrays in the waters of the rivers of French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela can be erroneously assigned to Potamotrygon orbignyi . In addition, they are often confused with Potamotrygon humerosa and immature short-tailed river stingrays [4] .
Ordinary river stingrays live in South America, in the tropical waters of the Parana and Paraguay river basins , in Brazil , Paraguay and Argentina . They probably make seasonal migrations [4] .
Dorsal and ventral side of the disc.
The wide pectoral fins of the river ordinary river stingrays fuse with the head and form an oval disk. The maximum recorded length is 70 cm, the width of the disc is 40 cm, and the weight is 15 kg. Dorsal fins and caudal fin absent. Behind the eyes are sprays . The ventral fins are rounded and almost completely covered by a disc. On the ventral side of the disc are nostrils and 5 pairs of gill slits [2] . On the dorsal surface of the tail there is a poisonous spike. Every 6-12 months it breaks off and a new one grows in its place. The length of the spike can reach 6 cm [3] . At the base of the spike are glands that produce poison, which spreads along the longitudinal grooves. In the normal state, the thorn rests in a recess of flesh filled with mucus and poison [7] [4] .
The dorsal surface of the disc is covered with scales . Body color is more often brownish in color with a meandering pattern. The ventral side of the disc is pinkish.
Like other caudatiformes, ordinary river tailworms breed by egg production . Females carry up to 9 embryos. Newborn stingrays feed on plankton, with age, their diet is replenished with small mollusks , crustaceans , insect larvae and small fish [4] .
The species is subject to target fishing. These stingrays have tasty meat. As a rule, they are hit with a harpoon in shallow water. In addition, ordinary river stingrays get along well in captivity, where they are able to breed, and are valued among aquarists. The species suffers from environmental degradation caused by anthropogenic factors, including the construction of dams, ports, agricultural development, etc. There is insufficient data to evaluate the conservation status of the species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature [4] .
- ↑ Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 48 .-- 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 McEachran, JD Urolophidae. Rayas redondas = W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, KE Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. - Rome: FAO, 1995 .-- T. 3 .-- S. 786-792.
- ↑ 1 2 Ordinary river stingray (Eng.) In the FishBase database.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Potamotrygon hystrix (English) . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- ↑ Müller, J. & Henle, FGJ (1841) Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlin, Veit, pp. 1-200
- ↑ Great Ancient Greek Dictionary (Neopr.) . Date of treatment June 9, 2014. Archived February 12, 2013.
- ↑ Kenneth Wingerter. Aquarium Fish: An Overview of Stingrays of the genus Potamotrygon, Part Two // Advanced Aquarist. - 2013. - Issue. XII .
