Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

The first news about AIIB appeared in October 2013 . During his visit to Indonesia at the talks with Indonesian President Susila Bambang Yudoyono, President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping offered to create AIIB to promote the development and economic integration of the Asian region ^{[5] [6]} . China was disappointed with the slow pace of reforms and other problems in such global financial institutions as the IMF , the World Bank , the Asian Development Bank . In addition, it was taken into account that they primarily act in the interests of the United States , Europe and Japan ^[7] . ADB estimated that the region would require about $ 8 trillion in infrastructure investments in the period 2010–2020 to maintain economic development ^{[7] [8]} . It is hoped that the new bank will allow China to finance such projects and increase its role in the economic development of the region ^[9] .

In June 2014, China proposed to double the authorized capital of the bank, increasing it from 50 billion to 100 billion dollars , and invited India to participate in the project ^{[10] [11] [12]} .

On October 24, 2014, a Memorandum of Understanding ( English Memorandum of Understanding, MOU ) was signed at a ceremony in Beijing . The memorandum was signed by representatives of 21 countries: China , India , Thailand , Malaysia , Singapore , Philippines , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Brunei , Cambodia , Kazakhstan , Kuwait , Laos , Myanmar , Mongolia , Nepal , Oman , Qatar , Sri Lanka , Uzbekistan, and Vietnam ^{. 13] [14]} . All these countries received the status of “potential founding members” ( English Prospective Founding Members, PFM ). The memorandum was open for other countries to apply for membership in potential founding members until March 31, 2015 ^[15] .

The next stage - the development and coordination of the Agreement on the establishment of the organization ( eng. Articles of Agreement, AOA }) - was launched at the first meeting of representatives of the participating countries in Kunming on November 27–28, 2014. At the second meeting in Mumbai on January 15–16, 2015 was continued, and at the third meeting in Almaty on March 30–31, 2015, it was stated that the text of the Agreement would be finalized and offered for signature to potential founding members in June 2015. The procedure for signing the Agreement may be completed by the end of 2015 ^{[16 ] [17]} .

Japan , one of the leading countries in Asia , refused to participate in the creation of the AIIB ^[18] under US pressure ^[19] , but the US is in favor of the cooperation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank with the World Bank ^[20] . The US Treasury Department supports the idea of ​​creating the AIIB ^[21] .

His willingness to join the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was expressed by Taiwan if he received such an invitation from the AIIB ^[22] , but on March 31, 2015, Taiwan itself applied for accession to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ^[23] using the name Chinese Taipei .

Three-level control system consisting of ^{[24] [25]}

1. Board of Governors, each member country is represented by one seat.
2. Board of Directors, 12 seats.
3. Executive Bodies (Bank's Management)
   1. The president
   2. Vice presidents
   3. Other

The organizing country is China , which proposes to form half of the capital of the future organization, but not claiming supremacy in its work ^[2] . Initially, the “Memorandum of Understanding” was signed by representatives of 21 countries, then other potential founding members were added to them. As of April 20, 2015, 57 states have joined the Memorandum. ^[26]

Belgium , Canada and Ukraine are considering joining the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Colombia , Japan and the United States have no direct intention to join. The DPRK was rejected by China as a member of the AIIB. On March 31, Taiwan applied for membership of the ABII as a founding member through the Taiwan Affairs Administration under the name of “ Chinese Taipei ”, but it was rejected by China on April 13 without specifying the reasons. However, China admits Taiwan membership at a later date. The representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, Hua Chunin, said that Taiwan should avoid statements in the spirit of " two Chinas " or "One China, one Taiwan."

Candidate countries

Country / Region Note

• * signed a memorandum

Russia and ABII

On March 28, 2015, Russia decided to join the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (ABII), created at the initiative of China. This was announced by First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov . Chinese President Xi Jinping welcomed Russia's decision to join the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) created by China, said Chinese Finance Minister Lou Jiwei ^[47] .

On April 14, 2015, Russia became a potential founding member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ^[15] .

On June 29, 2015 in Beijing, representatives of 57 countries signed an agreement to establish a bank. China, India and Russia are the three largest shareholders, receiving 26.06%, 7.5% and 5.92% of the vote, respectively.

In January 2016, it was announced that the representative of Russia Alexey Ulyukayev entered the Board of Governors ^[24]

On February 5, 2016, the appointment of vice-presidents of the bank was announced, the Russian representative was not among them. ^[48] They entered the United Kingdom, India, Germany, Indonesia and South Korea ^[48]

World Bank President Jim Young Kim spoke positively about creating a new bank ^[49] . Asian Development Bank President Takehiko Nakao noted that Asia needs infrastructure investors and expressed willingness to establish cooperation between ADB and ABII ^{[50] [51]} .

• Switzerland will join the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank // Switzerland Delovaya
• Asian investment bank: Realigning the status quo // The Straits Times
• India Considering Joining New Regional Infrastructure Bank // The Wall Street Journal
• Nepal to be founding a member of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank // GlobalPost
• China has created its own development bank // Roomian.org
• Switzerland has joined the Chinese alternative to the World Bank // NashaGazeta.ch, 04/28/2016