Keiun [2] [3] or Kaeun [2] [4] ( Japanese 慶雲 Kane, Kyo: un , rainbow clouds) is the motto of the reign ( nengo ) of the Japanese emperors Mommu and Gemmei [4] [2] from 704 to 708 year [2] [5] .
| Kayun | |
|---|---|
| jap. 慶雲 | |
| Serial number | 5 [1] |
| Ruling emperor | Mommu and Gammay |
| Duration | 704–708 |
| Previous era | Taiho |
| Next era | Vado |
Content
- 1 Duration
- 2 Origin
- 3 Events
- 4 Comparison table
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
Duration
Beginning and end of an era: [5] [6] [2]
- The 10th day of the 5th moon of the 4th year of Taiho (according to the Julian calendar - June 16, 704);
- The 11th day of the 1st moon of the 5th year of Kayun (according to the Julian calendar - February 7, 708).
Origin
The name Nengo was borrowed [5] :
- from the 6th juan " Wenxuan ": 「朝 想 慶雲 興 、 夕 遅 白日 移」;
- from the 54th juan of the “History of the Jin Dynasty” ( Chinese trad. 晉書 , ex. 晋书 , pinyin : Jìn shū , pall .: Jin Shu ): 「天網 広 羅 、 慶雲 興 以 招 龍」.
Events
- 707 year (4th year of Keiun) - Emperor Mommu dies , Empress Gemmei becomes regent with his young son [7] .
- July 18, 707 - Gammai ascended the throne at the age of 48 years [8] .
- 707 year (4th year of Keiong) - a message about the discovery of a copper deposit in Musashi province (the territory of the modern city of Tokyo ) [9] .
- 708 year (5th year of Keiong) - a change in the motto of the reign on Vado in honor of the discovery of copper deposits: the new motto consists of the word wa (Chinese designation of Japan) and before (銅, Russian copper ), - letters. "Japanese copper."
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology. In parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era, the name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese Gan-chi system is indicated . The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| 1st year Kayun ( Wooden Dragon ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julian calendar | February 10, 704 | 10th of March | April 9th | May 9 | June 7th | July 7th | 5th of August | 4 September | The 4th of October | November 2 | December 2nd | December, 31st | |
| 2nd year Kayun ( Wooden Snake ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | January 30, 705 | 28th of February | March 29 | April 28th | May 27th | June 26th | July 25th | 24 August | 23 September | 22 of October | November 21 | 21 December | |
| 3rd year Kayun ( Fire Horse ) | 1st moon | 1st moon * (leap) | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * |
| Julian calendar | January 19, 706 | February 18 | March 19th | April 17th | May 17 | June 15th | July 15 | August 13th | 12-th of September | October 12th | 10th of November | December 10th | January 9, 707 |
| 4th year Kayun ( Fire Goat ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 7, 707 | 9th of March | April 7th | the 6th of May | June 5th | 4th of July | August 2 | September 1 | October 1st | October 30 | 29th of November | December 29th | |
| 5th year of Kayun ( Earth Monkey ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 8th moon * (leap) | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * |
| Julian calendar | January 28, 708 | February 26th | March 27th | 25th of April | May 24th | June 23 | July 22 | August 20 | September 19th | October 18th | November 17th | December 17th | January 16, 709 |
- * An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 日本 の 歴 代 の 元 号 一 覧。 奈良 時代 の 大化 か ら 令 和 ま で 通 算 し て 248 の 元 号 リ ス ト
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 724.
- ↑ Petrova and Goreglyad, 1963 , p. 207.
- ↑ 1 2 East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3.
- ↑ 1 2 3 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 （ニ ッ ポ ニ カ）』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponica Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database Archived July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute (Taiwan)
- ↑ Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press . ISBN 0231049404 , ISBN 9780231049405 ; OCLC 6042764 , p. 44
- ↑ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0 ; ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0 ; OCLC 251325323 , p. 271.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 63.
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - S. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Slogans of rule // Description of Japanese manuscripts, woodcuts and early printed books. Vol. I .. - Moscow: Oriental literature , 1963. - S. 204-210. - 243 p.
- History of Japan / Ed. A.E. Zhukova. - M .: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times until 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- Eliseev D. History of Japan. Between China and the Pacific Ocean / per. with fr. M. Yu. Nekrasov. - St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2008 .-- 318 p. - ISBN 978-5-8071-0296-7 .
- (Fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.