applied Science

Applied are sciences oriented to the practical application of knowledge obtained in fundamental sciences; they serve directly the needs of society. ^[3]

Due to the development of the natural sciences of fundamental science, a set of new data and information arises that allows one to consider, predict and in some cases and explain - and thus understand - phenomena in the natural world. Applied science applies scientific knowledge to world practice. As a result, this provides a wide range of applied sciences. In particular, applied science can apply formal science, such as statistics, mathematics, medicine, which led to the formation of disciplines such as applied statistics , applied mathematics , applied medicine and so on. Along with this, the course of the formation and development of related fields of applied science has historically been determined, such as, for example: applied psychology , applied ethics , applied biomechanics, up to applied preschool education. ^[four]

Applied science includes research aimed at using scientific knowledge and methods to solve practical problems , at creating new ones, or improving existing types of products or technological processes. Applied research may include calculations, experiments, prototyping and testing of models, computer modeling, etc. ^[5]

Features of the phenomenon

The separation of applied science into a separate definition is associated, first of all, with the integral characteristics of the types of scientific and cognitive activity , which differ in their purpose. So, the goal of basic research is knowledge as such; the most objective, rational representation of reality. The purpose of applied research is instrumental-effective knowledge of a fragment of reality, designed to solve a specific practical problem. ^[6]

For basic research, the truth of knowledge of the world is the highest value; for applied research, the highest value is the technological effectiveness of information about the world, which does not always coincide with its truth. In the case of fundamental science, the prospects and progress of research are determined mainly by the task of identifying and rationally presenting new, not yet known characteristics of the world. In applied science, the course of research is determined by the need to solve specific technological problems, for this reason the novelty of knowledge about the world itself appears here as a by-product of the search for these solutions . The knowledge gained in the framework of applied research is recorded, first of all, as a means of solving a local practical problem; this knowledge often appears in forms that do not imply its further direct cognitive use, but having direct practical application: for example, instruction, methodology, technological recipe, etc. ^[7]

Science as a defining system of knowledge has a complex structure. There is a traditional division of sciences into fundamental ( FN ) and applied sciences ( PRN ). The task of FN in the field of natural sciences is to learn the fundamental laws that govern the behavior and interaction of the basic structures of nature. The tasks of the fundamental sciences lie on the verge between the known and the unexpected, in connection with which the FN differs in the uncertainty of the final result, which, as a rule, leads to a scientific discovery . ^[8]

The immediate goal of applied sciences is to apply the results of FN to the solution of cognitive and socio-practical problems . In particular, for this reason, an important role of the PRN and the introduction of their results in production, medicine, engineering, the humanities and social sciences objectively arise.

• Applied research

• Science and Life , Issue No. 12, 2013
• I.A. Batanina . New University - Grif & Co., 2002 - Total Pages: 384
• Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron. F.A. Brockhaus. Ripol Classic
• Komsomolskaya Pravda . Moscow. The editors of the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda. Moscow: Litres, Jan 12 2017 (116-117 c.)