Grigory Andreevich Lishin (April 23, 1854, St. Petersburg - June 15, 1888, ibid.) - Graduate of the School of Law , a popular composer and accompanist of the XIX century, one of the first melodiclamators in Russia. Translator and author of numerous opera librettos. Poet and music critic.
| Grigory Andreevich Lishin | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of the Russian composer and poet of the second half of the 19th century Grigory Andreyevich Lishin (1854-1888) | |
| basic information | |
| Date of Birth | April 23, 1854 |
| Place of Birth | Saint Petersburg , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | June 15, 1888 (34 years old) |
| A place of death | Saint Petersburg , Russian Empire |
| Buried | |
| A country |  Russian empire |
| Professions | composer , poet |
| Genres | opera , operetta , romance |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 P.I. Tchaikovsky about Lishin
- 3 notes
- 4 References
Biography
Born April 23, 1854 in the family of Major General A.F. Lishin and Konstantin Ivanovna (Konstantinova), illegitimate daughter of the viceroy of the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich . The receiver at his baptism on May 7, 1854 was Emperor Nicholas I.
Received home education. In 1867 he entered the School of Law . In parallel, he continued musical studies, the beginning of which was laid by his mother, a student of F. Chopin . The lessons of the piano, the theory of music and composition were given to him by famous musicians-teachers A. Hanselt , K. P. Galler , N. F. Solovyov .
Already at the age of 13, Lishin performed as an accompanist at concerts of famous vocalists - K. Nantier-Didier ( FR. Constance Nantier-Didiée ) and E. Tamberlik ( Italian. Enrico Tamberlik ) [1] .
In 1875, G. A. Lishin graduated from the School of Law with the rank of college secretary and was appointed to the Kharkov District Court. In Kharkov , having abandoned the career of a lawyer, he began working as the second bandmaster at the local opera house. From October 1875 to February 1876 he conducted operas by the Russians ( Life for the Tsar by M. I. Glinka , Mermaid by A. S. Dargomyzhsky ) and foreign ( The Magic Shooter by K. Weber , Faust by S. Gounod , "Huguenots" by D. Meyerbeer ) composers.
As an entrepreneur, Lishin organized a tour of a mobile opera company in the provincial cities of Russia, while being both a conductor and an accompanist in it.
In 1878 he returned to Petersburg and was forced to find a job as a censor of books in foreign languages at the General Directorate of Press .
In 1880 he retired to devote himself to creative activity [2] .
He is known as the author of the operas “ Count Nulin ”, “ Spanish Nobleman ” (“ Don Cesar de Bazan ”), “ Bakhchisarai Fountain ”, “ Gypsies ” and several piano pieces. Arranged the opera Fra Devilo by French composer D. Aubert for the Moscow Maly Theater.
The author of music on verses of Russian poets - “ She laughed ... ” (A.N. Maykova), “ Rain of a noisy drop ... ”, “ Kolodniki ” (A.K. Tolstoy) and others. G. A. Lishin owns poetry and the musical version of the popular romance “ Oh, if I could express it in sound ... ” [3] . The composer's works included famous performers B. B. Korsov , I. V. Tartakov , F. I. Chaliapin and others in the programs of their concerts. He translated and wrote his own opera libretto. It was published under the pseudonym " Nivliansky " [4] . The result of the poetic work of G. A. Lishin was over 200 published poems. Among them is the poem " Glinka Monument ", read by the author on May 20, 1885 at the opening of the monument to the composer in Smolensk .
The dramatic actor V. N. Davydov wrote in his memoirs about Lishin [5] : “ He was simply a genius as an accompanist! He caught and foresaw every intention of the artist, helped him, taking into account all the shortcomings of his voice, phrasing, knew how to help out in unexpected trouble! ". Thanks to the talent of the performer-accompanist, G. A. Lishin initiated the new genre of stage art - melodiclamation , combining the author, reciter and accompanist in one performer. According to music critics, he brought to the performance " certainty and triumph of poetic and musical ideas " [6] .
In the last years of his life, G. A. Lishin wrote and published feuilleton and critical articles on music and theater in various periodicals - Petersburg newspaper , Citizen, and others.
He died at the age of 34 in St. Petersburg on June 15, 1888. He was buried in the necropolis of art masters of the Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra [7] . The publisher of Citizen Prince V.P. Meshchersky , noting the undisputed musical talent of G. A. Lishin in his posthumous article, wrote: “ His talent was all the more valuable because he was one of the few, and even, it seemed, the only musical talent, who didn’t belong to any music camp and loved music with all his poetic soul ... and never cared that music would give him a career . ”
P.I. Tchaikovsky about Lishin
The name of the author of popular musical works was widely known in Russia and not only to music lovers. A. And Kuprin put him in a row with the name of P. I. Tchaikovsky - the heroine of his series of essays "Kiev types" - " Future Patty " at the request of " sings something from Tchaikovsky or Lishin ."
The musicians first met in St. Petersburg in 1871 at a musical evening at the director of the conservatory , MP Azanchevsky , at which G. A. Lishin accompanied the famous violinist L. S. Auer on the piano. In 1876, Lishin turned to Tchaikovsky to get an opinion on his works. On March 17, 1876, P. I. Tchaikovsky wrote to his brother that there were many people around him who “ wanted to exploit me a little, including, for example, Lishin (Grigory Lishin, composer) ”.
Already on April 29, 1876 in his letter to his brother Modest he gave a derogatory assessment to the young composer: “ Now Lishin, temporarily known to you, lives here in Moscow. Recently, he played me his opera Graf Nulin. Oh god What an abomination it is. And if you knew how generally this gentleman is disgusting to me with his amateurish self-confidence, cheap wit and unceremonious treatment ”.
Over the next years, Tchaikovsky’s opinion of Lishin’s abilities and personality changed several times.
In 1878, responding to the request of the singer B. B. Korsov to create the false aria of Vyazminsky in the opera The Oprichnik , he suggested that it was Lishin who would be involved in composing music for her: “ I am sure that he, knowing you so well, will be able to do it what you need. I give you permission to print on posters that the author of the false aria is Lishin, if that is his desire ... If Lishin wants to make me pleasure and come to see me, I will be very happy . "
In 1881, P.I. Tchaikovsky recommended that publisher P.I.
In 1885, having refused personal participation in the jubilee celebrations on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the School of Law, Tchaikovsky noted: “ I am glad that I did not go to the anniversary! The fact that Lishin shone there and stood out would be tantamount to a slap in the face! ". The composer complained in a letter to the manager of the St. Petersburg office of the Imperial Theaters V.P. Pogozhev that on my tour trips, “ having no close friends among the reviewers and editors, I went quietly and while the St. Petersburg newspapers sounded with noise about every romance of Mr. "Lishina, sung in Sterlitamak or Bogodukhov, very little was written about me ."
On June 27, 1888, Tchaikovsky wrote to V. Ф.. F. Headmaster about the early death of the composer: “ Have you read that poor Lishin is dead? In my opinion, he was completely mediocre, and his musical activity was very unsympathetic to me, but, my God, why am I sorry when a young man dies? Who knows, live a little longer, and poor Lishin would change for the better . ”
Notes
- ↑ Shirinsky N.A. Grigory Andreevich Lishin - // Moscow Journal. History of the Russian State - 2008, N 3, - ss. 43–51 ISSN 0868–7110
- ↑ History of the noble family of the Lishins - Grigory Andreevich Lishin .
- ↑ “Oh, if I could express it in sound ...” .
- ↑ Russian State Library. Electronic catalog of works by G.A. Lishin .
- ↑ Davydov V.N. A story about the past. Theatrical Memoirs - L.-M.: Art, 1962, 260 p.
- ↑ Grigory Andreevich Lishin - composer and poet of 1854 - 1888. .
- ↑ Lishin G.A. Necropolis of masters of art .
Links
- G.A. Lishin. Poetry - St. Petersburg: Type-I “Scooter”, 1903, second edition
- Zolotnitskaya L. M. Grigory Andreevich Lishin: composer, poet, translator - St. Petersburg: Union of Artists, 2007. - 101 p. ISBN 978-5-8128-0073-4
- Tchaikovsky M. Life of Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. (According to documents stored in the archive at Klin). In 3 vols. - M .: Algorithm, 1997 ISBN 5-88878-007-3