The eighteenth Brumaire Louis Bonaparte ( German: Der achtzehnte Brumaire des Louis Bonaparte ) is the work of K. Marx . It was written in December 1851 - March 1852.
Based on materialist dialectics, the analysis of the main stages of the French revolution of 1848 is given, the reasons for the counter-revolutionary coup of Louis Bonaparte in December 1851 are explained. On a concrete example of France, the class struggle is regarded as the driving force of history. Marx emphasizes the profound distinction between the phrases and illusions of various political parties and their actual nature. The Bonapartist coup on December 2, 1851, is considered in the work not as a consequence of the personal machinations of the usurper Louis Bonaparte and his clique (which magnifies the role of his personality in history), but as a consequence of the growth of the counterrevolution of the bourgeoisie, the collapse of the policy of the bourgeois parties, out of fear of the revolutionary conquests that had given power to the Bonapartist to the conspirators. Marx notes that in the 1848 revolution in France, in contrast to the revolution of the late 18th century, the leading role passed into the hands of more and more right-wing parties:
The revolution thus moves in a downward line. [one]
On the example of the constitution of the Second Republic, the limited, contradictory nature of bourgeois democracy is noted.
Each paragraph of the constitution contains in itself its own opposition, its own upper and lower houses: freedom - in a common sentence, the abolition of freedom - in a reservation. [2]
The political characterization of Bonapartism is given. Its signs are a policy of maneuvering between classes, the apparent independence of state power, a demagogic appeal to all social strata, covering up the protection of the interests of the exploiting elite.
Bonaparte would like to play the role of a patriarchal benefactor of all classes. [3]
Marx emphasizes that the support of the Bonapartist regime is the conservative peasantry.
Bonaparte is a representative of the class, and, moreover, the most numerous class of French society, a representative of the partial peasantry. [four]
Louis Bonaparte took advantage of the political backwardness and overcrowding of the partisan peasantry.
The Bonaparte dynasty is not representative of the education of the peasant, but of his superstition, not his reason, but his prejudice, not his future, but his past ... [5]
Marx sees the task of the proletarian revolution in relation to the old state power in breaking it.
All coups improved this car instead of breaking it. [6]
Notes
- ↑ Marx, 1957 , p. 141.
- ↑ Marx, 1957 , p. 132.
- ↑ Marx, 1957 , p. 215.
- ↑ Marx, 1957 , p. 207.
- ↑ Marx, 1957 , p. 209.
- ↑ Marx, 1957 , p. 206.
Literature
- Bagaturia G. A. “The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte” // Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. Edition: L. F. Ilyichev , P. N. Fedoseev , S. M. Kovalev , V. G. Panov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1983.- S. 92. - 840 p. - 150,000 copies.
- Marx K. Eighteenth Brumaire Louis Bonaparte // Marx K. and Engels F. Works. - M .: Politizdat , 1957. - T. 8. - 689 p.