Sir James Mann Wordy ( 1889-1962 ), scientist , geologist , researcher, member of the Imperial Transantarctic expedition Ernest Shackleton (1914-1917), seven Arctic expeditions to the shores of East and West Greenland and to Spitsbergen , one of founders, and for nearly twenty years, president of the Scott Institute for Polar Research , an honorary member of many scientific communities.
| James wordy | |||||
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| English James wordie | |||||
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| Date of Birth | |||||
| Place of Birth | Glasgow , Scotland | ||||
| Date of death | |||||
| A place of death | Cambridge , UK | ||||
| A country | |||||
| Scientific field | geology | ||||
| Place of work | |||||
| Alma mater | |||||
| Known as | researcher | ||||
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Content
- 1 Early period
- Shackleton's Imperial Transantarctic Expedition
- 3 Research
- 4 social activities
- 5 Awards
- 5.1 British
- 5.1.1 State
- 5.1.2 Public
- 5.2 Foreign
- 5.1 British
- 6 Memory
- 7 notes
- 8 Literature
- 9 References
Early Period
Born April 26, 1889 in Glasgow , Scotland , in the family of John Wardy and Jane Catherine Mann. After graduating from school and receiving a bachelor's degree in geology from the University of Glasgow, he moved to ( Cambridge ), where he continued his education and began to engage in scientific activities. In this field, he met closely with Frank Debenham and Raymond Priestley , scientists - members of the last Antarctic expedition of Robert Scott 1910-1913. After working with them, Wordy's keen interest in expeditions and scientific discoveries only intensified and, being recommended to Shackleton Raymond Priestley (who, in addition to the Scott expedition, was a member of the first Shackleton expedition ), he joined the ranks of the Imperial Transantarctic expedition announced in 1914 for the post geologist - head of the scientific staff [1] .
Shackleton's Imperial Transantarctic Expedition
The stated goals of the expedition - the crossing of Antarctica from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea through the South Pole , as well as the implementation of an extensive scientific program on Enderby Land and Graham Land could not be achieved. In the midst of the Antarctic summer of 1915, the Endurance expeditionary ship was sandwiched by pack ice in the Weddell Sea just one day sail from the intended landing site of the expeditioners and after long drift it was crushed by them. The ship’s crew, after many months of struggle for life, was able to reach Mordvinova Island (Elephant) , from where on September 30, 1916, Shackleton was evacuated to Punta Arenas [2] .
For Wardy as a geologist, this expedition proved to be unproductive from a professional point of view. As a geologist, Wordy was only able to work for a short time in South Georgia , the last port of call of Endurance. But, despite the misadventures of the expedition, the results of the work of its scientific staff were quite significant. Wordi was closely involved in oceanography , including the study of sea ice (based on which Wordi will formulate a specification of sea ice that is practically indistinguishable from the present), bottom sediments , physiography of the seabed, measurement of depths, measurement of temperature and salinity of water, speed and direction of currents, etc. etc. Thus, a significant part of the Weddell Sea was investigated, and the question of the existence of the Morrell Earth was also removed . In addition, meteorological and other scientific observations were made [3] .
Upon returning to his homeland, James Wordy went to the front and fought in France in field artillery . In the battle of Armantiere, he was seriously wounded in the left leg [1] . In 1917 he became second lieutenant [4] , and ended the war with the rank of lieutenant [5]
Research
At the end of World War I, Wardy returned to Cambridge and immediately resumed his research activities. In 1919 and 1920, he took part in the expeditions of William Spirsi Bruce to Svalbard (deputy head - geologist). Starting in 1921, he organized and conducted a series of his own polar expeditions: 1921 - the leader of the expedition to Jan Mayen Island , during which the first ascent to the main peak of the island of Berenberg volcano (2085 meters above sea level) was made; 1923, 1926, 1929 - leader of expeditions to the shores of East Greenland; 1934 - Head of an expedition to Baffin Bay - Western Greenland, during which first ascents to the peaks of Pioneer and Longstaff were made.
Among his students - participants of the 1929 expedition, was a simple Cambridge student Vivian Fuchs - the future leader (along with the conqueror of Chomolungma Edmund Hillary ) of the British Transantarctic expedition (1955-1958), who first implemented Shackleton’s plan to cross Antarctica from Fazela Bay to the Waddel Sea Ross Islands via the South Pole [6] [7] .
Community Activities
In 1920, with the remaining funds from public donations about the tragedy of Captain Scott, Frank Debenham , Raymond Priestley and James Wardy established the Scott Polar Research Institute (Cambridge). The Institute acted as a repository of scientific, research and other materials on the subject of polar research for the benefit of future travelers (today it is the largest library and archive in the world where unique collections of handwritten and published materials and reports on research and geological exploration related with polar regions). From 1937 to 1955, Wordi was its Chairman [6] .
In 1933, Wordi became the head teacher ( Eng. Senior Tutor ) St. Johns College [6] .
From 1934 to 1948 - Honorary Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society [7] .
From 1939 to 1945 - Head of the Naval Intelligence Directorate for the Polar Regions [7] .
From 1951 to 1954 - President of the Royal Geographical Society (after Wardy from 1961 to 1963 he will be headed by Raymond Priestley). While in this position, he took an active part in planning and organizing the first successful expedition to Everest , which ended on May 29, 1953, ascent to the third pole of the Earth by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay [1] .
From 1952 to 1959 - rector of St. John's College [6] .
Rewards
British
Government
- Polar medal with "Antarctica 1914-16 "(February 16, 1917) -" for participating in the Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition of 1914-16 as part of the Endurance team " [8] [9] .
- Order of the British Empire, degree of commander (June 12, 1947) - "for merits in the study of the Antarctic" [10] .
- The title of a knight-bachelor with the right to the prefix " sir " to the name (January 1, 1957) - "for services to the Polar Studies" [11] . He was personally knighted by Queen Elizabeth II at a ceremony in Buckingham Palace [12] .
Public
- Royal Geographical Society (1920) [13] .
- (1926) [14] .
- Gold Medal of the Founders of the Royal Geographical Society (1933) [15] .
- (1944) [16] .
- (1952) [17]
Foreign
- The Order of St. Olav, degree of commander (April 24, 1944) - "in recognition of the services provided during the war" [18] .
Memory
He died on January 16, 1962 at the age of 72 in Cambridge. His remains rest in a family burial at in Sterling (Scotland) [1] .
In honor of James Wordy, ( South Sandwich Islands ), (Antarctica), (Antarctica) and (Mordvinova Island) are named.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Sir James Mann Wordie . University of Glasgow. Date of treatment October 29, 2014.
- ↑ Alexander, Caroline. The Endurance: Shackleton's legendary Antarctic expedition. - BY ALFRED A. KNOPF, INC, 1998 .-- ISBN 978-0-307-55594-6 .
- ↑ Shackleton, Ernest. South! The story of Shackleton's last expedition (1914-1917). - eBook, 2014. - ISBN none.
- ↑ Supplement 30124, page 5730 . The London Gazette (June 8, 1917). Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ Supplement 32538, page 9864 . The London Gazette (December 2, 1921). Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Obituary James Mann Wordie . Arctic Institute of North America's publications server. Date of treatment October 29, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 3 James Mann Wordie . The Endurance Obituaries. Date of treatment October 29, 2014.
- ↑ Poulsom, 1968 , p. 205.
- ↑ Our Chronicle // Contents . - . - Metcalfe & Co. Limited, 1918, March. - S. 151—161. - 269 p.
- ↑ Supplement 37977, page 2583 . The London Gazette (June 6, 1947). Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ Supplement 40960, page 2 . The London Gazette (December 28, 1956). Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ Issue 41003, page 1045 . The London Gazette (February 15, 1957). Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ Recipisents of Back Grant . British Museum . Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ WS Bruce Medal . . Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ Gold Medal Recipients . Royal Geographical Society . Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ Scottish Geographical Medal . . Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ Charles P. Daly Medal . . Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
- ↑ Issue 36485, page 1897 . The London Gazette (April 25, 1944). Date of treatment July 13, 2018.
Literature
- Neville Wright Poulsom. The White Ribbon: A Medallic Record of British Polar Expeditions . - Seaby, 1968 .-- 216 p.
Links
- Wordie Collection National Library of Scotland. Date of treatment October 29, 2014.