Technical diagnostics - a field of knowledge covering the theory, methods and means of determining the technical condition of objects (according to GOST 20911-89, paragraph 3 of table 1).
Technical diagnostics - determination of the technical condition of objects (according to GOST 20911-89, p. 4 of table 1).
Content
Technical Diagnosis Tasks
Technical diagnostics is an integral part of maintenance. The main task of technical diagnostics is to ensure safety, functional reliability and efficiency of the technical object, as well as reducing the cost of its maintenance and reducing losses from downtime as a result of failures and premature conclusions for repairs.
Diagnostic Functions
Diagnosing technical objects includes the following functions:
- assessment of the technical condition of the object ;
- detection and determination of localization of faults ;
- prediction of the residual resource of the object;
- monitoring the technical condition of the object.
Diagnostic parameters
Diagnostic parameters are representative parameters that can be used to judge the state of an object. There are direct and indirect diagnostic parameters. The former directly characterize the state of the object, while the latter are related to direct parameters by functional dependence.
In functional diagnostics of an object in the course of its operation, along with separately considered parameters, it can also be used as a sign of the state of functional relationships (functional dependencies) of parameters.
Diagnostic Methods
Depending on the technical means and diagnostic parameters that are used in the diagnosis, you can make the following partial list of diagnostic methods:
- organoleptic methods of diagnosis , which are based on the use of the human sense organs (inspection, obedience);
- vibration diagnostic methods , which are based on the analysis of the vibration parameters of technical objects;
- acoustic diagnostic methods based on the analysis of the parameters of sound waves generated by technical objects and their components;
- thermal methods ; this includes diagnostic methods based on the use of thermal imagers ;
- tribodiagnosis ;
- diagnostics based on the analysis of wear products in combustion products ;
- Acoustic emission method ;
- radiography ;
- magnetic particle method ;
- eddy current method ;
- ultrasound testing ;
- capillary control ;
- parametric diagnostic methods .
- Electrodiagnostic control. Scope of application - electric motors, electromagnetic valves, coils, cables, transformers. There are static and dynamic tests of electrical units.
- specific methods for each of the areas of technology (for example, when diagnosing a hydraulic drive , a statoparametric method based on analysis of throttled fluid flow is widely used; methods based on analyzing the parameters of electrical signals are used in electrical engineering ; in complex multicomponent systems, diagnostic methods are used to determine the parameters averaged values, etc.).
Technical Diagnostics Issues
A common problem of technical diagnostics is to achieve an adequate assessment of recognition of the true state of an object and the classification of this state (normal or abnormal).
When conducting technical diagnostics to confirm the normal state of the object, there are two main tasks:
- ensuring the receipt of reliable information;
- ensuring acceptable promptness of information.
When conducting technical diagnostics to identify anomalies, there are two main problems:
- probability of missing a malfunction;
- the probability of a "false alarm", that is, the probability of a false alarm about the presence of a malfunction.
The higher the probability of a βfalse alarmβ, the lower the probability of missing a malfunction, and vice versa. The task of technical diagnostics of faults is to find the "middle ground" between these two problems.
See also
- Unbrakable control
- Fms
Literature
- Technical diagnostic tools: Reference book / V. V. Klyuev, P.P. Parkhomenko, V.E. Abramchuk and others; under total Ed. V. V. Klyuev. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1989. - 672 p.
- Veklich V.F. Diagnosing the technical condition of trolleybuses. - M .: Transport, 1990. - 295 p. - 15 000 copies - ISBN 5-277-00934-5
- Alekseeva TV, Babanskaya VD, Bashta TM and others. Technical diagnostics of hydraulic drives. M .: Mechanical Engineering. 1989. - 263 p.
- Kostyukov A.V., Kostyukov V.N. Improving the operational efficiency of enterprises based on real-time monitoring. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 2009. - 192 p.
- GOST 20911-89 Technical Diagnostics. Terms and Definitions