The ancient Persian calendar is the lunar-solar calendar of ancient Persia , recorded in the ancient Persian rock inscriptions of the Achaemenid kings (4th-5th centuries BC). [1] The calendar was synchronized with the Babylonian . The year began at the vernal equinox on the feast, which served as the prototype for the Persian Novruz , [2] and consisted of 12 lunar synodic months (29 or 30 days each), thus counting about 354 days. To compensate for the difference with the tropical year , the thirteenth month was inserted once every six years.
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Presumably in the middle of V century. BC er was replaced by the solar calendar , built on the Egyptian model and served as the basis for the Zoroastrian calendar [3] .
Month Names
The ancient Persian monuments do not provide enough material, and the inscriptions that have come down to us contain the names of only 8 months out of 12. Fortunately, the ancient Persian names of the months are recorded in the Elamian inscriptions of the Achaemenid era.
| Correspondence to the Julian calendar | Ancient Persian name | Elam Record | Value | The corresponding Babylonian month | |
| one | March, April | Ādukanaiša 𐎠𐎯𐎢𐎣𐎴𐏁 | Hadukannaš | canal cleaning | Nīsannu |
| 2 | April May | Ūravāhara 𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠𐏃𐎼 | Turmar | the height of spring | Ayāāru |
| 3 | May June | Igāigraciš 𐎰𐎠𐎡𐎥𐎼𐏂𐎡𐏁 | Sākurriziš | garlic assembly | Sīmannu |
| four | June July | Garmapada 𐎥𐎼𐎶𐎱𐎭 | Karmabataš | standing heat | Du'ūzu |
| five | July August | * Drnabāǰiš | Turnabaziš | harvest tax collection | Ābu |
| 6 | Aug. Sept | * Xārapašiya | Karbašiyaš | mating spikes on fuel | Ulūlū |
| 7 | September October | Bāgayādiš 𐎲𐎠𐎥𐎹𐎠𐎮𐎡𐏁 | Bakeyatiš | worship of god (probably Mithras ) | Tašrītu |
| eight | October November | * Vrkazana | Markašanaš | killing wolves | Arahsamna |
| 9 | November December | Āçiyādiya 𐎠𐏂𐎡𐎠𐎹𐎮𐎡𐎹 | Hašiyatiš | worship of fire | Kisilīmu |
| ten | December - January | Anāmaka 𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎣 | Hanamakaš | nameless | Tebētu |
| eleven | January February | * Θwayauvā | Samiyamaš | fierce | Šabāţu |
| 12 | February March | Viyax (a) na 𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎧𐎴 | Miyakannaš | digging | Addāru |
Notes
- ↑ Ancient Persian and Zoroastrian calendar systems .
- ↑ Revive Navruz (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Antonio Panaino, Reza Abdollahy, Daniel Balland. Calendars on iranica.com
Sources
- I.V. Rak, “Myths of Ancient and Early Medieval Iran (Zoroastrianism)”. - SPb.-Moscow: Neva Magazine - Summer Garden, 1998.
- The Babylonian calendar