Karmanov, Diomid Ivanovich

Karmanov Diomid Ivanovich - a native of Tver . His father was a posad man, a parishioner of the Trinity Church of Zavolzhsky Posad of Tver . From childhood, he was distinguished by a thirst for knowledge and, having met with Tver seminarians, in 1752 - 1753 . He began to attend the Tver Theological Seminary as a volunteer . The seminary teachers treated him with attention, and since he did not know the Latin language , which was taught in the upper classes of the seminaries, some teachers gave him lessons at home. When he reached the rhetoric class, he stopped studying, got married and took the post of sub-clerk of the Tver Magistrate. Diomid Ivanovich independently compensated for the lack of education by reading books, such as The Mirror of the Hottest Spirit to the Lord God, Feofilakt Lopatinsky et al. By order of Karmanov, the seminary informant E. Ryazantsev translated Christoph Friedrich von Ammon for him and the teacher eleokventsii I. Bogdanov - “The Speech of Ambrose of Mediolans against Theodosius.” Diomid Ivanovich studied Russian spiritual literature, for example, Zlatoust, Margarit, and others. In January 1764, Karmanov attended a theology course taught by the rector of the Tver Seminary Makarii Petrovich in the Zheltikov Monastery , and then by Gabriel Petrov in the Tresvyatsky Monastery.

1766 - Karmanov read sermons in the seminary directed against the Old Believers . From October 14, 1768 to June 1769, he delivered 11 sermons on traditional topics. These sermons were approved by the new rector of the seminary Arseniy Vereshchagin , whose recall on February 3, 1768 said the following:

Karmanov actively helped Platon Levshin, facilitating the conversion of the Old Believers into a single faith : from October 1771 to March 1772 he corresponded with merchants who were about to go into a single faith, namely: A. Ya. Morozov from Torzhok and T.I. Voloskov from Rzhev . At the same time, Karmanov was counting on the wide distribution in the Old Believer environment of this correspondence ^[1] .

Karmanov received the greatest fame thanks to works on the history of Tver. Many historical examples have didactic conclusions. Works on the history of Karmanov’s hometown were reflected in the cultural life of Tver in the 1770s. They became a prerequisite for meeting, and then Karmanov’s close friendship with M.N. Muravyov , on the recommendation of which on September 2, 1777, Karmanov became an employee of the Free Russian Assembly. The historical works of Karmanov were interested in Novikov, Nikolai Ivanovich , who intended to publish them. There are assumptions about the possibility of Karmanov’s influence on I. A. Krylov through his father A. P. Krylov, who served from 1774 to 1778 in the provincial magistrate of Tver ^[2] and about the satirical dialogue A. P. Sumarokov directed against Karmanov “Irsinkus and Kasandr” ^[3] . On June 10, by order of T. I. Tutolmin , Karmanov delivered the speech “ E. and. at. thanks from the Tver merchants and philistinism on the occasion of the highest bounties rendered to this city ”(1778). Karmanov is famous for his speech on the opening of civilian schools in Tver ( 1776 ) and in honor of the appointment of J. E. Sievers as Tver governor ( 1776 ).

In 1780, Karmanov made a pilgrimage to Seliger in the Nilovskaya Stolbensky deserts.

In 1772, he donated manuscripts of his sermons to the library of the Tver Theological Seminary.

On March 7, 1780, a collection of historical works donated there.

Karmanov’s vast library after his death was divided between his three sons. Most of the books burned during the fire of Tver in 1837 . Some books from the Karmanov library were found at the end of the 19th century by Vladimir Kolosov . He also published a collection of works related to the history of the Tver region. Tver, 1893 (reprint: Tver, 1993). Based on extensive factual material, Karmanov’s works still retain scientific and reference value. Materials related to the biography of Karmanov are stored in the State Archives of the Tver Region (f. 1020).

Karmanov owns works of spiritual content:

• "The discussion of the number of wives who have anointed the Lord with the world ..." (1769)
• "Letter of congratulation to His Grace Bishop Gabriel on the occasion of his elevation to the rank of Archbishop of St. Petersburg" (1770)
• "Brief Interpretation for the Order of St. liturgy ... "(1773) and others.

In 1774, on the advice of the archimandrite of Novotorzhsky Theofilakt Karmanov, he wrote and presented to Plato Levshin "A short news about the beginning and adventures of the city of Tver with a description of its current state."

In 1775, Karmanov wrote “Historical News of the Principality of Tver ...” with the addition of “On the Holy Churches that were in Tver ...” ^[4] , submitted by Karmanov on December 13, 1775 ^[5] .

In 1778, by order of the governor of the Novgorod governor, T. I. Tutolmin, he compiled “Historical News on the Cities belonging to the Tver Viceroyalty”, which were included in the “General Consideration for the Tver Province, brought to Catherine II , extracted from a detailed topographic and cameral description of the cities and counties . 1783-1784 year ” (Tver, 1783). Karmanov’s work “The History of the City of Tver” did not survive.

In his writings Karmanov widely used the following literature:

• Russian History by Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev
• "A Brief Russian Chronicler with a Genealogy" by Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov
• “The core of Russian history” by A. I. Mankiev
• Printed annals, as well as handwritten scribe books.

Together with Arseny Vereshchagin, Karmanov composed and handed Platon Levshin "The cry of merchants and children of different marriages." The content of this essay is similar to the “Conversation of the Merchant’s Son with a Student on the Sciences”, presented on November 18, 1772 in the Novotorzhskaya school for clerical children on the occasion of the namesake Plato Levshin. Here Karmanov advocates teaching in a seminary in Russian instead of Latin and for expanding the circle of sciences studied at the seminary, demanding that physics and natural history be included in it. Having familiarized himself with the “Yelling of merchants and raznoshchinnyh young children" ", Plato Levshin left the following resolution on it:

The essay “Proof of the Immortality of the Soul” attributed to Karmanov does not really exist — he accepted the copy of the work of Eduard Jung, “Crying, or Nightly Thoughts ...” ^[6], which he saved in Karmanov’s papers.

• Vladislavlev V.F .:
  • D.I. Karmanov, Tver public notary // Tver eparch. Vedas 1881. No.20
  • D.I. Karmanov as a preacher // Ibid. 1889. No. 4; Runkevich, Stefan Grigorievich
• Karmanov D.I. // Rus. biogr. dictionary. T. "Ibak - Klyucharyov" (1897)
• Kolosov V.:
  • Library of the Tver archaeologist of the XVIII century D.I. Karmanov. Tver, 1897
  • History of the Tver Theological Seminary. Tver, 1889
• Struve, Peter Bernhardovich . An interesting philistine protest against 18th-century school classicism. // Peace of God, 1901, No. 7
• Plotnikov A. Opening of the Novotorzhskaya school for church and ministry children and the first year of its existence according to archival documents of the Novotorzhsky Theological School // Tver Diocesan Vedomosti, 1905, No. 15-16, 18. Unofficial part: N. Smirnov, “Vopl merchants and children of different races ”in Tver in the 18th century: (An essay from the history of enlightenment in Russia in the 18th century) //“ Tverskaya Antiquity ”, 1911, No. 7-12; 1913, No. 5-6.
• Dictionary of the Russian language of the XVIII century. - M .: Institute of Russian Literature and Language. The responsible editor of the dictionary is A. M. Panchenko. 1988-1999.