Epenteza ( other Greek: ἡ ἐπένθεσις , insert) - a phonetic phenomenon, the addition of one or more sounds to a word; consonant ( lat. excrescentium , growth) or vowel (so-called anaptixis, other Greek. ἡ ἀνάπτυξις , insert).
Epenteza in versification
Epenteza in ancient versification is the addition of a syllable to a word. E.g. “Mōrtalīs, quoniām bellī fera mōenera Māvors” (Lucr. Rer. Ι 32), where Māvors is used instead of Mars; or e.g. “Nāvita nēc mediā nēscius ērrat aquā” (Ovid. Amor. XIII 12), where navita is used instead of nauta. Here the phenomenon of epitheza often goes back to archaic forms of words; e.g. Māvors as an archaic form of Mars. It is usually found in Latin verse.
An example of epintheza in modern versification is the English song “The Umbrella Man”, where the meter requires the pronunciation of the word “umbrella” in four syllables, that is, um-buh-rel-la: “any umbrellas” is pronounced “ány úmberéllas”.
Epenteza in the practice of language
Epenteza in the practice of language is the addition of a reference or transitional sound to a word that is not etymological (that is, does not affect the meaning). The phenomenon, as a rule, boils down to a “bias” ( anticipation ) of the expected articulation position. The organs of speech, preparing for the utterance of sound, take the necessary position in advance, thus providing biodynamically “convenient” articulation, in which the least waste of energy occurs. In this case, the previous fragments of the word are subject to change. It has, as a rule, an evolutionary character, arising as the language develops. Often occurs when a language borrows a word with an unacceptable accumulation of consonants (in particular, borrowing words into languages with the applicable open syllable law , such as Japanese or Proto-Slavic , from languages without it). Examples:
Excrescentium
- protogrec. * amrotos → other Greek ἄμβροτος (pronounced ambrotos ); "immortal"
- lat tremulare → fr. trembler ; Shiver
- lat homine (m) → homne → homre → Spanish hombre "person"
- other English thunor → English thunder ; "thunder"
Anaptixis
- * bradar → Persian baradar ; "brother"
- lat stupidus → Spanish estúpido ; "stupid"
- lit. Mar. yocha “child” + at “even” → deb. yochayat “even a child” (added ja at merger)
- English street → Japanese ス ト リ ー ト : " sɯtoɾiːto "
- praslav. * lst "cunning, deceit" <Gothic. lists "trick"
See also
- Svarabhakti
- Prosthesis
- Epithesis
- Metathesis
- Elysia (linguistics)
Literature
- Bulich S.K. ,. Epenteza // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Tsisyk A.Z., Shkurdyuk I.A. , Antique metric. Minsk , 2004.