Brumer

Allegory of Brummer. Engraving by

Brumaire ( French brumaire , from brume - “fog”) - the second month (October 22/23 - November 20/21) of the French Republican calendar , valid from October 1793 to January 1, 1806 . Together with the previous vandemeier and the subsequent freer, he makes up the autumn quarter ( fr. Mois d'automne ) ^{[1] [2] [3]} .

Like all months of the French revolutionary calendar, the Brümer contains thirty days and is divided into three decades. Instead of the traditional saints in Catholicism, the name of an agricultural plant is attributed to each day. The exceptions are the fifth ( Quintidi ) and tenth ( Decadi ) days of each decade. The first of them is assigned the name of the animal, and the last is the name of the agricultural tool ^[3] . For the 22nd and 25th days of the Brumaire, instead of the originally proposed by Fabre d'Eglantine, Olive ( olive ) and Jars ( goose ) in the final version of the calendar, Azerole ( hawthorn azarole ) and Faisan ( pheasant ), respectively, were chosen. The names of the plants for the 12th, 13th and 16th days of the Brumaire are synonymous with the original proposals of d'Eglantin.

The eighteenth Brumaire of the 8th year of the Republic of Napoleon carried out a coup d'etat and took power into his own hands ^[1] . Since then, in political history, the concept of “brumaire” has been used both to refer specifically to this event, and to similar counter-revolutionary coups in general. Particularly famous in this regard was the work of K. Marx, “The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, ” dedicated to the 1851 coup, organized by Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (future Napoleon III ).