Crimea in philately

Crimea and its history are reflected on postage stamps and other philatelic materials of the pre-revolutionary time, the Civil War , the Soviet Union , Ukraine and Russia .

By mail of the USSR and Ukraine, a lot of postage stamps , art stamped and unmarked postal envelopes and single-sided postcards with the original stamp were published, the subject of which was connected with the Crimea.

In 1992-1994, pharmacies were used in mail circulation in the territory of Crimea.

The collection materials on Crimean subjects also include various calendar , franking , preferential and special postmarks .

The first post office on the Crimean peninsula of the Tauride province opened in 1802 in the central bazaar of Simferopol , on Malo-Bazarnaya Street. In 1845, the post office of the year was located on Pushkin Street, where a large one-story building, purchased in the same year, was equipped for it ^[1] .

After the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861 and the implementation of a series of reforms by Emperor Alexander II, the number of postal operations began to gain momentum. The building of the provincial post office is located in a rebuilt building, bought from the merchant J. Ioffe. Currently, there is a commemorative sign opened in the year of Simferopol celebrating its 200th anniversary ^[1] .

The number of letters sent to people living on the peninsula in 1910 amounted to 3.2 million ^[1] .

During the years of World War II, the building of the post office suffered tremendous damage. After the liberation of Crimea from the Nazi invaders, the post office was located in the building of the All-Union Textile Syndicate, erected in 1925 ^[1] .

In 1982, on Rosa Luxemburg Street 5, a new post office was built ^[1] .

  Pre-Revolutionary Period and Civil War

  Soviet period

Crimean themes are displayed on a number of postage stamps of the USSR . The first postage stamp in the series “Peoples of the USSR”, associated with the Crimea, was published in 1933 and dedicated to the Crimean Tatars ( CFA (ITC) # 413; Mi # 431) ^[1] .

In 1938, a series of stamps “Views of the Crimea and the Caucasus ” was made, consisting of 12 postal miniatures, ten of which captured the famous Crimean vacation spots ( CFA (ITC) # 613, 614, 616-618, 620-624; Mi # 625, 626, 628-630, 632-636) ^[1] :

• A series of stamps of the USSR "Views of the Crimea and the Caucasus ." Artist Sergey Pomansky (1938)
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  Crimea. Sea View ( CFA (ITC) # 613; Mi # 625)

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  Yalta . Sea View ( CFA (ITC) # 614; Mi # 626)

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  Crimea. Sea View ( CFA (ITC) # 616; Mi # 628)

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  Yalta. Sea View ( CFA (ITC) # 617; Mi # 629)

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  Swallow's Nest ( CFA (ITC) # 618; Mi # 630)

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  Crimea. Sea View ( CFA (ITC) # 620; Mi # 632)

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  Alupka ( CFA (ITC) # 621; Mi # 633)

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  Gurzuf ( CFA (ITC) # 622; Mi # 634)

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  Crimea ( CFA (ITC) # 623; Mi # 635)

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  Swallow's Nest ( CFA (ITC) # 624; Mi # 636)

In 1940, a series of 12 postage stamps was published on the theme “The 20th anniversary of the storming of the storming of Perekop by the Red Army (November 1920)” ( CFA (ITC) # 768–779; Mi # 780B — 785B, 780A — 785A) ^[2] :

• A series of stamps of the USSR "The 20th anniversary of the storming of Perekop by the Red Army ." Artist I. Dubasov (1940). Toothless option
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  Monument to the heroes of Perekop ( CFA (ITC) # 768; Mi # 780B)

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  A soldier with a grenade ( CFA (ITC) # 769; Mi # 781B)

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  Portrait of M.V. Frunze on the background of the Perekop operation scheme ( CFA (ITC) # 770; Mi # 782B)

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  Forcing Sivash ( CFA (ITC) # 771; Mi # 783B)

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  The village of Stroganovka . Headquarters M.V. Frunze ( CFA (ITC) # 772; Mi # 784B)

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  Perekop taken! ( CFA (ITC) # 773; Mi # 785B)

• Prong option
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  Monument to the heroes of Perekop ( CFA (ITC) # 774; Mi # 780A)

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  Red Army man with a grenade ( CFA (ITC) # 775; Mi # 781A)

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  Portrait of M.V. Frunze against the background of the Perekop operation scheme ( CFA (ITC) # 776; Mi # 782A)

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  Forcing Sivash ( CFA (ITC) # 777; Mi # 783A)

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  The village of Stroganovka. Headquarters M.V. Frunze ( CFA (ITC) # 778; Mi # 784A)

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  Perekop taken! ( CFA (ITC) # 779; Mi # 785A)

On a postage stamp issued in 1944 from the series “Hero Cities”, a monument to V. I. Lenin in Sevastopol and a medal “For the Defense of Sevastopol” ( TsFA [ ITC “Marka” ] No. 886) ^[3] were depicted. The defense of Sevastopol is also covered on a postage stamp depicting a painting by the artist A. Deineka about the attack of the sailors defending Sevastopol ( TsFA [ ITC Marka ] No. 2715) ^[3] .

In 1950, the USSR Post issued a series of three stamps dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the death of the artist I.K. Aivazovsky , an honorary citizen of Feodosia , whose life and work were directly connected with the Crimea ( TsFA [ ITC Marka ] No. 1584-1586) ^[2] :

• A series of stamps of the USSR "The 50th Anniversary of the Death of I.K. Aivazovsky (1817-1900)." Artist N. Termorukov (1950)
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  Painting "The Black Sea" (1881) ( CFA [ ITC "Marka" ] No. 1584)

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  The painting "The Ninth Wave" (1850) ( CFA [ ITC "Marka" ] No. 1585)

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  Portrait of I.K. Aivazovsky (1841, based on a painting by A. Tyranov ) ( TsFA [ ITC Marka ] No. 1586)

In 1954, a series of postage stamps appeared in postal circulation, published on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855 ( TsFA [ ITC Marka ] No. 1790-1792) ^[2] . The first stamp of the series presents a monument to the scuttled ships in the Sevastopol Bay and a quote from Leo Tolstoy ’s story “Sevastopol in the month of December” ^[3] , the second stamp shows the heroes of the Sevastopol Defense soldier A. Eliseev, sailors A. Rybakov, P. Cat , I. Dimchenko, F. Zaika, on the third - the leader of the defense P. S. Nakhimov ^[3] :

• A series of stamps of the USSR "100th anniversary of the defense of Sevastopol (1854-1855) ." Artist I. Dubasov (1954)
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  Monument to the scuttled ships in the Sevastopol Bay ( CFA [ ITC “Marka” ] No. 1790)

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  Heroes of Defense A. Eliseev, A. Rybakov, P. Koshka , I. Dimchenko and F. Zaika (1855, based on lithograph by V. Timm ) ( TsFA [ ITC “Marka” ] No. 1791)

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  Head of Defense Admiral P. S. Nakhimov (based on lithograph by V. Timm) ( CFA [ ITC “Marka” ] No. 1792)

In 1962, the USSR Post prepared for circulation a series of four stamps to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden ( CFA (ITC) # 2742-2745; Mi # 2650-2653) :

• A series of stamps of the USSR "On the 150th anniversary of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden ." Artist E. Aniskin (1962)
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  Lebanese Cedar ( CFA (ITC) # 2742; Mi # 2650)

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  Canna Vostok-2 ( CFA (ITC) # 2743; Mi # 2651)

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  Strawberry ( CFA (ITC) # 2744; Mi # 2652)

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  Chrysanthemum “ The Road to the Stars ” ( CFA (ITC) # 2745; Mi # 2653)

In 1965, a postage stamp was issued depicting the landing of the Soviet landing, a monument to P. S. Nakhimov and the Golden Star medal, which was awarded to the hero city of Sevastopol ( TsFA [ ITC Marka ] No. 3296) ^[3] .

A number of postage stamps of the USSR was dedicated to the Artek All-Union Pioneer Camp that worked in Crimea. They appeared in different years - in 1938 ( CFA [ ITC Marka ] No. 609) , 1948 ( CFA [ ITC Marka ] No. 1319) , 1958 ( CFA [ ITC Marka ] No. 2158) , etc. ^{[4 ]} :

• USSR stamps related thematically to the Crimean pioneer camp Artek
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  Series "Children of the Soviet country ." In the pioneer camp "Artek" (1938). Artist I. Dubasov ( CFA (ITC) # 609; Mi # 621)

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  Series "The All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin ". Artek. Pioneers on the Campaign (1948). Artist E. Bulanova ( CFA (ITC) # 1319; Mi # 1277)

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  Series "To the International Children's Day ." Bugler at the pioneer camp Artek. Artist L. Golovanov ( CFA [ ITC “Marka” ] No. 2158)

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  On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the All-Union Pioneer Camp Artek named after V. I. Lenin (1985). Artist N. Vetzo ( CFA (ITC) # 5644; Mi # 5523)

  Modern Ukraine

In 1993, on behalf of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , false stamps were distributed on which overprints with the inscription "Crimea" were produced.

In 2008, a series of Crimean Nature Reserve was released :

In 2009, a series of stamps "Viticulture of Ukraine" was released, where one of them is dedicated to White Muscat and contains an image of Prince L. S. Golitsyn :

In 2011, a series of stamps “Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine” was released, where one of them is dedicated to the Marble Cave :

In 2013, a block of stamps of Ukraine “Beauty and Greats of Ukraine. Autonomous Republic of Crimea. " On Ukrainian postage stamps from the series “Beauty and Majesty of Ukraine”, in particular, Ayu-Dag in Gurzuf , the Khan's palace in Bakhchisarai , Ghost Valley in Alushta , a panorama of the southern coast of Crimea , Massandra's wine cellars are depicted ^[2] .:

  Modern Russia

In 2014, as part of the series “Russia. Regions ”two postage stamps were prepared -“ Republic of Crimea ”(catalog number - 1828) ^[5] and“ Sevastopol ”(catalog number - 1829) ^[6] . The Republic of Crimea postage stamp depicts a seascape, vineyards and the Swallow's Nest palace. On the postage stamp "Sevastopol" there is a panorama "The Defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855", a monument to the scuttled ships and a sea landscape ^[7] . The issue of these postage stamps was dedicated to the event that took place on March 18, 2014, when in Moscow an agreement was signed between Russia and the Republic of Crimea on the acceptance of the peninsula into the Russian Federation. From this moment, two new entities formed in the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol.

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  Number 1828. Russia. Regions. Republic of Crimea

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  Number 1829. Russia. Regions. Sevastopol

On June 16, 2015, a postage stamp dedicated to the Artek International Children's Center (No. 1965) was issued ^[8] . On October 23 of the same year, within the framework of the World Cultural Heritage series, the brand “The Ancient City of Tauric Chersonesos and its Choir” was issued (No. 2019) ^[9] .

On February 18, 2016, in the continuation of the series “Cities of Military Glory,” a postage stamp dedicated to Theodosia (No. 2058) ^[10] was issued, and on September 29, 2016, as part of the series “Lighthouses of Russia”, two postage stamps “200 years to the Tarkhankut lighthouse ” were issued at once (No. 2145) and “200 Years of the Chersonesus Lighthouse ” (No. 2146) ^[11] .

On November 11, 2018, the Russian Post issued the postage stamp Crimean Bridge. Krymsky Bridge is a transport passage through the Kerch Strait, the longest in the Russian Federation and one of the largest in Europe. The bridge connects the Kerch and Taman Peninsulas through the island of Tuzla and the Tuzla Spit. The postage stamp shows a panorama of the Crimean bridge.

In 1992-1994, in connection with the transition to a new currency ( Carbovans ) and a constant increase in shipping tariffs , the Simferopol post office used its own pharmacies .

In September – October 1993, the Yalta City Industrial and Technical Communications Center (PTUS) also manufactured pharmacies.

Simferopol district zemstvo issued stamps of court fees ^[12] .

The passport stamp of the Sevastopol mayor is also known ^[12] .

In 1954, the first Crimean- branded art envelope appeared in the USSR with an image of a sanatorium located on the territory of the Livadia Palace ^[1] . In the same year, a labeled envelope was issued dedicated to the heroic defense of Sevastopol ^[3] .

The issue of two labeled envelopes marked the 20th anniversary of the liberation of Sevastopol from Nazi occupation in 1964 (No. 3141 and No. 3142) ^[3] .

In 1975, the USSR Ministry of Communications prepared a single-sided postcard with the original stamp for circulation, which marked the 50th anniversary of the Artek pioneer camp. On June 16, 1975, a commemorative special cancellation of this card was organized at the post office of Artek:

On March 10, 2015, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation published a marked postal card with a circulation of 18 thousand copies, marking the anniversary of the annexation of Crimea to Russia and depicting the outline of the peninsula with the colors of the Russian flag . On the occasion of the issuance of a postal card in Simferopol, a solemn ceremony of canceling it with an artistic stamp took place ^[13] .

In Soviet times , a pioneer post operated at the Artek All-Union Pioneer Camp in Gurzuf , using its own postmark with the text: “Artek”. Pioneer mail ” ^[4] .

Calendar Cancellation

Special Cancellations

On June 16, 1985, a special cancellation was carried out at the Artek post office on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the All-Union Pioneer Camp Artek named after V. Lenin:

• Barbukh V. N. To help science: philately // Sputnik of local lore specialist: collection. - Simferopol: Tavria, 1978.- S. 272 . Archived on February 20, 2015.
• Evgeniev O. Overprints of Crimea // Philately: Journal. - 1992. - No. 12 . - S. 20-21 .
• Manzheley S. Stamps Issued in Crimea // Rossika: Journal / Under the direction of E.M. Arkhangelsky. - Bela Crkva, Jugoslavia: Russian Society of Philatelists in Yugoslavia, 1935. - T. 2 , No. 22 . - S. 189-192; 1936. - No. 23. - S. 213-216; 1939. - No. 36. - S. 213-217 . Archived on November 4, 2015. (Retrieved November 4, 2015)
• Mramornov A. “Mark-money” of Crimea // Philately : magazine. - 2010. - No. 5 . - S. 45–46 . [About the special stamp issued by the Regional Government in March 1919.]
• Kholkin V.V., Man'ko V.L. On oars and under sails (from ancient times until 1855) // Black Sea Fleet in the ocean of philately. The history of the Black Sea Fleet, illustrated by philatelic materials. - Sevastopol, 2008 .-- Part I. - 287 p.

• Stamps of the Country of Soviets: catalog of postage stamps of the RSFSR and the USSR from 1917 to 1992. Digital catalogue. CD-ROM (unspecified) . - M .: MediaHouse; Com.Media, 2005. (The electronic publication is based on the specialized directory “Postage Stamps of Russia and the USSR (1857-1991) ..." by V. Yu. Soloviev, published since 1996.) (Retrieved December 7, 2008)
• Catalog (neopr.) . Date of treatment February 20, 2015. Archived December 3, 2012. USSR marked art envelopes for 1953-1991 on the site "konvert.web.ur.ru" (neopr.) . Date of treatment February 20, 2015. Archived December 3, 2012. (Retrieved December 7, 2008)
• Bulgakova O. At the Kursk post office opened the exhibition "History of Crimea on postage stamps" (neopr.) . The newspaper "Friend for friend . " Kursk : Network Media “For Each Other Kursk Online”; LLC "Friend for friend - Media" (March 26, 2014). Date of appeal April 15, 2019.