Non-singular black hole models are mathematical theories describing black holes without the occurrence of paradoxes that arise in the standard black hole model, including the paradoxes of the disappearance of information and the unobservability of the black hole event horizon .
Approaches to the development of the theory of the origin of black holes
In order for a black hole, as a solution of Einstein's equations , to really exist, it must form an event horizon in a time finite for an external observer. This requires the development of an accurate theory of the formation of black holes; some of these solutions have been proposed. In particular, in 2007, Shuan Nan Zhang from Tsinghua University proposed a model in which the event horizon of a potential black hole is formed (or expanded) only after the falling object reaches the existing horizon, or after the horizon exceeds the critical density . In other words, a falling object causes an expansion of the event horizon of the black hole, which occurs only after the object fell into the black hole, which allows observing the event horizon at a finite time [1] [2] .
The solution proposed by Shuan Zhang does not resolve the paradox of information disappearance.
Alternative Black Hole Models
At present, several models have been developed to describe the collapse of stars with a mass significantly exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit , including a gravastar and a dark energy star .
Alternative models of black holes attracted attention when , and later Lawrence Krauss , Dejan Stojkovic and Tenmey Vachaspati from the Case Western University reserve showed that in some models the black hole event horizon cannot form [3] [4] .
These results also attracted media attention [5] , since the issue of “black holes” has long been popular with the public. A number of works in the direction of nonsingular models were criticized and rejected. For example, with respect to some nonsingular models, it was shown that such black holes will be unstable during extremely fast rotation [6] , and while maintaining the angular momentum , will not be described by the usual scenario of a collapsing star (see pulsar ).
The question of the existence of black holes described by nonsingular models remains open.
Notes
- ↑ Zhang, Shuang Nan Witnessing matter falling into a black hole by a distant observer . Tsinghua University (July 6, 2007). Date of treatment November 3, 2007. (unavailable link)
- ↑ Zhang, Shuang Nan; Yuan Liu. AIP Conference Proceedings (neopr.) // AIPConf.Proc .. - 2007. - October ( t. 968 ). - S. 384-391 . - DOI : 10.1063 / 1.2840436 . - arXiv : 0710.2443 .
- ↑ Chapline, George (July 1998), "The Black Hole Information Puzzle and Evidence for a Cosmological Constant", arΧiv : hep-th / 9807175 [hep-th]
- ↑ Vachaspati, Tanmay ; Dejan Stojkovic , Lawrence M. Krauss . Observation of Incipient Black Holes and the Information Loss Problem (Eng.) // Phys. Rev. D : journal. - 2007 .-- June ( vol. 76 , no. 2 ). - DOI : 10.1103 / PhysRevD.76.024005 . - . - arXiv : gr-qc / 0609024 .
- ↑ Rockets, Rusty Rethinking Black Holes . Science A Gogo (June 22, 2007). Date of treatment November 3, 2007.
- ↑ Cardoso, Vitor; Paolo Pani; Mariano Cadoni; Marco Cavaglia. Ergoregion instability rules out black hole doubles (Eng.) // Phys. Rev. D : journal. - 2007 .-- September ( vol. 77 , no. 12 ). - DOI : 10.1103 / PhysRevD.77.124044 . - . - arXiv : 0709.0532 .
Links
- Black holes don't exist, Case physicists report
- George Chapline (1998), "The Black Hole Information Puzzle and Evidence for a Cosmological Constant", arΧiv : hep-th / 9807175 [hep-th]
- Abhas Mitra (2005), "Comments on the proposal of Dark Energy Stars by Chapline", arΧiv : astro-ph / 0504384 [astro-ph]