Tereshchenko, Yakov Filimonovich

Born in 1907, in a peasant family, in the city of Sevsk, Orel province (now the Bryansk region ). Father - Filimon Yakovlevich - along with farming, was also engaged in mail delivery. He was the youngest child in the family, where there were still a brother and three sisters ^[1] . He began his career in 1917 working in agriculture (until graduation in 1925 - in the summer). In the winter of 1925-1926 he worked as a seasonal worker at an oil mill in the city of Sevsk, and the following winter - in the district criminal investigation department ^[2] .

In 1927, he first studied at the P. F. Lesgaft State Institute of Physical Education , then moved to the Leningrad Red Banner Chemical-Technological Institute , which he graduated in February 1933 ^[2] .

After graduation, he worked as a chemist at the Moscow Dorogomilovsky Chemical Plant named after Frunze (now the Experimental Plant of Polymer Materials ). In 1934-1935 he was the head of the building of the Kinesham Chemical Plant , in 1935-1937 he was the head of the workshop of the Akrikhin chemical-pharmaceutical plant in Staraya Kupavna , Moscow Region), in 1937-1939 he was the head of the installation department of the plant No. 148 under construction in Dzerzhinsk ( for the production of hydrocyanic acid and its equipment in ammunition) ^[3] .

In 1939-1941 he worked as a chief engineer in the construction of a chlorine plant No. 1000 in Kiev, in 1941 for a short time he was a chief engineer and deputy chief of installation works for a plant No. 96 in the city of Dzerzhinsk (now - Caprolactam Production Association ). In 1941-1943, he was the chief technologist at the construction in Kemerovo of the plant No. 510 of the People’s Commissariat for the Chemical Industry, created on the basis of several factories evacuated to Kuzbass . Then, until 1947, he was the director of this enterprise ^[3] .

From 1947 to 1974 he worked as director of plant No. 752 ( Kirovo-Chepetsk Chemical Plant ). December 27, 1974 went on a well-deserved rest.

In 1959-1963 - deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR V convocation ^[4] .

He was a delegate to the XXI Congress of the CPSU (1959) ^[4] .

He died on June 25, 1975, was buried in the Red Cemetery of the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk.

On June 20, 1947, Y. F. Tereshchenko was appointed, by order of the USSR Minister of Chemical Industry, the director of plant 752 and headed this enterprise until 1974. The name Ya. F. Tereshchenko is associated not only with the development of unique production, but also with the formation of the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk ^[5] .

Under the leadership of Ya. F. Tereshchenko, the USSR launched the first industrial production of uranium hexafluoride , which is necessary for the subsequent enrichment of uranium and is an integral part of the creation of the “ Soviet atomic bomb ” ^[6] . On December 19, 1949, the plant presented it to the technical control department and accepted the first batch of the product ^[7] .

On January 21, 1951, the USSR Council of Ministers issued a decree on the construction at the plant 752 of the production of enriched lithium-6 ( ⁶ Li) ^[8] , necessary to produce lithium deuteride-6 ⁶ LiD (or ⁶ Li ² H), used as a thermonuclear fuel in thermonuclear weapons . In the course of work on the development of production, the method of producing an isotope using many stages ( electrolyzers ) and requiring many cycles (including manual operations), high energy consumption, many devices (and, accordingly, production facilities), was replaced by a multi-stage process in one unit ^[9] . The act on acceptance of the workshop into operation was approved on September 17, 1952 ^[10] . On March 12, 1953, at a meeting at PSU under the Council of Ministers of the USSR , the results of the development of new production with access to a concentration of 25% were considered and the task was set to achieve 40% concentration during the quarter. After the first test of the hydrogen bomb on August 12, 1953, a significant increase in the output of the developed product was required to build up the thermonuclear potential. By a decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, plant 752 was instructed to double the capacity of the existing production in 1955 and five more in 1956. In May 1958, by a decision of the Committee on Lenin Prizes, the prize was awarded to a group of participants in solving the largest national economic and defense tasks for "improving chemical technology." Among the laureates were the production supervisor B. P. Konstantinov , plant director Y. F. Tereshchenko, plant chief engineer B. P. Zverev , plant head 49 V. N. Elsky ^[11] .

A significant achievement was the creation by 1955 at the plant 752 of the production of chlorine and caustic , which are products of mercury electrolysis of sodium chloride ^[12] . In the mid-1960s, a revolution was made in chlorine production at the plant, replacing captured trophy electrolyzers rated for 12 kA with devices of their own design R-20 and R-20M, bringing their load to 200 kA and increasing the current density from 7.5 kA / m² up to 10 kA / m² due to the adjustment of the interelectronic space, as a result of which labor productivity increased 4.7 times, prime cost halved, electricity consumption by 15%, mercury by 30% ^[13] .

Another direction in the development of the plant under the guidance of Y. F. Tereshchenko was the creation of the largest in the USSR production of organofluorine products. In 1952, the production of Freon-12 (refrigerant for household refrigerators) ^[14] , Freon-22 ^[15] and its processing into monomer-4 ^[16] was organized, which in 1956 allowed to master the industrial polymerization of this monomer to obtain the first USSR fluoroplast-4 ^[17] . With an initial design capacity of 100 tons of fluoropolymer per year, the production tasks of the ministry amounted to 800 tons in 1962, and already 2000 tons in 1965 ^[18] . The plant’s production of fluoroplast-4, unique in its properties, made it possible to use it in the conditions of its own technological workshops using highly aggressive media, and from 1964 began to manufacture fluoroplast-4 products as commercial products ^[19] . In parallel, the production of a whole class of copolymers was created on the basis of fluorine-containing olefins , including the most diverse substances in their properties: hard plastics and rubbers, plasticized materials, soluble plastics suitable for making varnishes, films, fibers, etc. Most of them were developed in the USSR the appearance of foreign information about their creation (or had no analogues) ^[20] . For the first time in the USSR in 1961, it was possible for the first time in the USSR to obtain 360 tons of Freon-142v , 50 tons of fluoroplast-42 , 40 - fluoroplast-40 , 30 - fluoroplast-3 and 47.5 - fluororubber SKF-32 ^[21] . At the end of 1964, the production of another fluororubber - SKF-26 was mastered ^[22] .

A special place in the history of KCHHZ was occupied by the organization in its structure of a unit for the production of medical devices on the initiative of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences , in which domestic production of mechanical heart valve prostheses (MPKS) was started. The first spherical MPKS for the mitral position was developed and manufactured in 1963, for the aortic position in 1964. The MPKS models produced at the plant have entered into clinical practice and are still used for the correction of valvular heart defects ^[23] . Ya. F. Tereshchenko was not only the organizer, but also the co-author of several inventions that underlie the designs produced by the IPCC ^{[24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]} .

Since the post-war period, the history of the working village of Kirovo-Chepetskiy (since 1955 - the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk ), in which the company headed by Y. F. Tereshchenko was located, was inextricably linked with the formation of the largest in Europe Kirovo-Chepetsk chemical plant, which is a city-forming enterprise , which was occupied by the bulk of the working citizens of the city, and in a decisive way affecting the entire urban infrastructure.

At a ceremonial meeting held on October 8, 1971, dedicated to the awarding of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor to the KChKhZ, the report of the plant’s director, Y. F. Tereshchenko, sounded ^[30] :

“... Together with the plant, a wonderful city grew up on the site of the villages of Permyachikha, Balezino, Golodny Pochinok and others. Over 25 years, 288 thousand square meters of comfortable housing have been built. The medical unit created at the plant has 12 departments, 555 hospital beds, a children's sanatorium and dispensary for adults with 227 beds. In 1971, there were 24 children's institutions with 4095 places, and 9,340 students were studying in 9 schools. The city has a basic technical school, music and art schools, the Palace of Culture, a children's technical station, a pioneer camp, libraries, and sports facilities. It offers residents 61 shops (40 grocery). ”

State awards Ya. F. Tereshchenko ^[31] :

• Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1958)
• Order of Lenin (1951, 1956)
• Order of the October Revolution
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1944, 1953, 1962)
• Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (1946)
• Medal "For Labor Valor" (1950, 1966)
• Anniversary medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ” (1970)

Departmental and non-state awards by Y. F. Tereshchenko ^[32] :

• VDNKh Medal (gold - 1965, bronze - 1964)
• Badge "Excellent chemical industry" of the USSR (1942, 1955, 1956, 1966)
• Badge "To the excellent worker of public health services" of the USSR (1966, 1967)
• Badge “Excellent student of physical education and sport” (1966)
• Honorary citizen of the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk (1968) ^{[33] [34]}

• In the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk in 1976, a street was named after Y. F. Tereshchenko. ^[35] A memorial plaque with the inscription: “ The street is named after the Lenin Prize laureate , honorary citizen of the city of Tereshchenko Yakov Filimonovich ” is installed on the building of the “Two-Rivers” hotel, located at the beginning of the street.
• In 1989, a municipal award was established in the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk - the honorary title “ Laureate of the Y. F. Tereshchenko Prize”, awarded to citizens for activities in the development of the economy, science, technology, culture, art, upbringing and education, health care, and environmental protection , ensuring law, order and public safety and other activities for the benefit of the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk.
• In the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk, annual ring automobile ice races for the prize of Y. F. Tereshchenko are held ^[36] .
• In 2007, on the centenary of the birth of Y. F. Tereshchenko, a memorial room was opened in the Museum and Exhibition Center of the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk in which personal belongings, documents, photographs, home furnishings, souvenirs and gifts donated by Y.'s relatives are located. F. Tereshchenko ^[37] .

• History of the Kirov-Chepetsk Chemical Plant

• The dust and the legend of the city: Yakov Filimonovich Tereshchenko / comp. I.A. Kuznetsova. - Kirov: Rainbow-PRESS, 2014 .-- 266 p. - 200 copies. - ISBN 978-5-906544-46-9 .
• Prokashev V.N. Kirovo-Chepetsk: a chronicle of events. - Kirov: Loban, 2012 .-- 162 p. - 150 copies.
• Utkin V.V. Plant at the two rivers. Kirov-Chepetsk Chemical Plant: construction, development, people. - Kirov: Press House - Vyatka, 2004 .-- T. 1 (1938-1946). - 64 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-85271-162-4 .
• Utkin V.V. Plant at the two rivers. Kirov-Chepetsk Chemical Plant: construction, development, people. - Kirov: Press House - Vyatka, 2005 .-- T. 2 (1947-1953). - 160 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-7476-0008-7 .
• Utkin V.V. Plant at the two rivers. Kirov-Chepetsk Chemical Plant: construction, development, people. - Kirov: Printing House - Vyatka, 2006. - T. 3 (1954-1971). - 240 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-85271-250-7 .
• City of Sports Glory / comp. I.A. Kuznetsova. - Kirov: Vyatka Book Publishing House, 2006. - 344 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-85271-242-6 .
• Verbova T.A., Gritsenko V.V., Glossy S.P., Davydenko V.V., Belevitin A.B., Svistov A.S., Evdokimov S.V., Nikiforov V.S. Domestic mechanical prostheses heart valves (past and present creation and clinical use). - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2011 .-- 195 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-02-025450-3 .