Rainbow

The word "Rainbow" is of Slavic origin and is probably associated with the name of Radogosh, Radogost - the god of the Lutichs , encouraged . The name is similar to the names of some other geographical objects located at a relatively short distance from the village. In particular, the name "Radubichi" is the eastern part of the village of Kopenki, Zheleznogorsk district, and in the Komarichsky district of the Bryansk region there is the ancient village of Radogoshch . Also names similar in the way of formation are: Butezh stream, Trubezh river, the city of Fatezh ^[4] . The names "Radobezh" (Radubezh) and "Raducha" (Rainbow) are considered by the linguist Yu. P. Chumakova as derivatives of the anthroponym Radobud, which is preserved in the Serbo-Croatian language and goes back to the basics of rad and bud (from * byti or * buditi ) . Such binomial anthroponyms arose even in the Slavic era, and therefore their reflections in toponymy are found in all modern territories inhabited by Slavs , as noted by many researchers ^[5] .

In the sources of the beginning of the XVIII century, the village is also mentioned under the name Nikolskoye-on-Radubezh ^[6] , which indicates the location of the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker here.

XVII — XVIII centuries

The village of Radubezh arose in the 17th century. At that time, it was part of the Usogsky camp of the Kursk district . According to the assumption of the researcher N. A. Blagoveshchensky (end of the 19th century), the first inhabitants of Radubezh were immigrants from the village of Soldatskoye . According to him, the pioneers of the village were five of the same palace : Azarenkov, Zinoviev, Polyansky, Tolstoy and Terekhov ^[7] . Over time, as sons-in-law, representatives of other single-family names began to settle here. For example, the Sotnikovs moved here from the village of Kolesnikova , the Efremovs from Gnezdilova , the Gnevshevs from Putchin , and Igina from Igin . After the names of the odnodvorets, some parts of Radubezh, for example, Sotnikov and Tolstovka, subsequently received names. At the turn of the XVII and XVIII centuries a temple was built here, consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and Radubezh became a village. On the French map of the 1720s, the village is indicated as “Riadoboje et Slabotka” - “Rainbow and Slobodka”, which may indicate the settlers living here from Sloboda Ukraine ^[8] .

By the beginning of the 18th century, some landowners had received estates in Radubezh, who began to transfer serfs here. Thus, the village becomes partly single-yard, partly ownership. According to the 2nd revision of 1745, the peasants of Radubezh were owned by: Yakov Yuryevich Trubetskoy, Grigory Terentyevich Ergolsky, heirs of Yakov Fedorovich Dolgorukov, Daria Nikiforovna Alferova, Vladimir Mikhailovich Savin, Yakov Efimovich Podymov ^[9] . In the middle of the 18th century, between the 2nd and 3rd revisions, the village of Zhuravinka was allocated from Radubezh.

According to the 3rd revision of 1762, the peasants of Radubezh were owned by: the widow of Major Ulyana Alekseevna Ergolskaya, court adviser Vasily Petrovich Durnovo, Avvakum Fedorovich Alferov, ensign Vasily Petrovich Alferov. According to the same revision, the Azarenkovs, Gnevshevs, Efremovs, Zinovievs, Polyansky, Ryshkovs, Sotnikovs, Terekhovs, Tolstoys lived here ^[10] . Between 1762 and 1785 the possessions of the Ergolsky nobles in Radubezh were separated into a separate village - Podymovka .

In 1779, Radubezh became part of the newly formed Dmitrievsky district . However, by 1785 the village was transferred to Fatezh uyezd , which included until 1924.

XIX - beginning of XX century

According to the 6th revision as of January 1, 1813, the peasants of Radubezh were owned by: captain Dmitry Avakumovich Alferov (2 male souls), minors Vasily Timofeevich and Avdotya Timofeevna Alferov (3 medical units), captain daughter Tatyana Stepanovna Volzhina (6 D.M.P.), children of the deceased major Ivan Degai - Pavel and Catherine (61 D.M. in Radubezh and Linz), young nobles Grigory and Dmitry Filippovich Kartashov (10 D.M.), Ensign Maria Ivanovna Sotnikova (38 dmp), girl Lyubov Petrovna Tsurikova (11 dmp), guard captain-guarantor Elena Vasilyevna Sheremeteva ( 577 dmp). The rest of the population was made up of one-man palaces, which were subordinate to the state Shakhov volost .

In the first third of the nineteenth century, part of the peasant rainbow ranks belonged to the infamous Kursk Saltychikha Olga Konstantinovna Bryskorn . In 1836 she died and her possessions in Radubezh were inherited by her son Pyotr Ananyevich Strukov . According to the 9th revision of 1850, several landowners owned the peasants of Radubezh at once: Major General Pyotr Ananyevich Strukov (87 male souls), wife of the titular adviser Natalya Sinitsyna (18 MD), minors Alexander and Konstantin Zvyagintsevs (17 D.M.P.), the wife of the provincial secretary Marya Koshurova (9 D.M.P.), the wife of the second lieutenant Avdotya Malkevich (33 D.M.P.), Anna Degay with sisters (53 D.M.P.) ^[11] . With the abolition of serfdom, the administrative and territorial affiliation of the village changed: until 1861, Radubezh was part of the Nizhneereutsky volost of Fatezh district , then, in 1861-1924, it was part of the Dmitrievsky volost of the same district.

In 1862, there were 60 yards in the village, 830 people lived (405 males and 425 females), the Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and a mill operated ^[12] . In 1877, there were already 97 yards in Radubezh, with a population of 797 people. By this time, a school was opened in the village ^[13] . According to the Zemstvo census of 1883, there were 15 Azarenkovy courtyards, 12 Tolstoy courtyards, 11 Zinovievyh courtyards, 11 Polyansky courtyards, 8 Terekhovy courtyards (indicated courtyards of former odnodvory ). At that time, Radubezh consisted of 4 communities ^[14] . In 1897, 976 people lived in the village (468 males and 508 females). The entire population of Radubezh professed Orthodoxy ^[15] .

In 1900, 1241 people lived in the village (625 males and 621 females) ^[16] , and in 1905 - 1269 (633 males and 636 females) ^[17] . At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, a huge agricultural economy in Radubezh and neighboring Linz was owned by the hero of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 , General Alexander Petrovich Strukov .

Soviet time

With the establishment of Soviet power, the village became the administrative center of the Radubezh village council . In the 1920s, the Linetsky state farm was created on the basis of the former estate of General Strukov. In Radubezh there was a branch of this state farm. In 1924, Fatezh Uyezd was abolished, Radubezh became part of the Kursk Uyezd . Since 1928, as part of the Fatezhsky district . In 1930, the Krasny Putilovets collective farm was established in Radubezh (chairmen: Zaitsev, Anton Fomich Azarenkov and others), which initially included 12 peasant farms. After 2-3 years, almost all the inhabitants of the Radubezhsky Village Council were in this artel. In October 1931, Krasny Putilovets won one of the prizes at the first agricultural exhibition in the region and was awarded a certificate of appreciation and a prize of 250 rubles. There were 7 plots on the collective farm: Radubezhsky, Podymovsky, Proletarsky and others. In 1934, 3 more collective farms were allocated from Krasnoye Putilovets: named after Kaganovich (chairman A. F. Gladkikh), “Ilyich's Way” (d. Zhuravinka ) and “Stalin's Way” (v. Podymovka and the village of Proletarovka , chairman Fedosey E. Filippov). Thus, since 1934 there have been 2 collective farms directly in Radubezh: “Red Putilovets” and the name of Kaganovich.

In the 1930s, Radubezh was one of the largest settlements in the Fatezh region: there were 320 yards ^[18] . For comparison, in neighboring Linz at that time there were “only” 209 yards, in Soldatsky - 193, in the administrative center of the neighboring region , in the settlement of Mikhailovka - 467.

During the Great Patriotic War, from mid-October 1941 to February 11, 1943, the village was in the zone of Nazi occupation. After the liberation, from July 19 to August 19, 1943, 2 km east of Radubezh, near the tract of Lyubka there was a military airfield of the 721st fighter regiment. In 1986, on the site of the former airfield, the Komsomol members of the Kursk Knitwear Plant erected a monument to the pilots. In the summer of 2018, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Kursk, a new monument was erected on this site ^[19] .

In 1954, Radubezh was administratively divided into the villages of Trubitsyno , Tolstovka , Ponizovka and the main farm, Sotnikova and Proletarovka . At the same time, the Radubezhsky Village Council was abolished by joining the Nizhnehalchansky .

The Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker appeared in Rainbow between 1697 and 1710. In the 1840s, the parish was headed by Vasily Emelyanovich Makhov, later known for his round-the-world trip on the frigate "Diana" ^[20] . Since the mid-19th century, the clergy of the church consisted of a priest and a deacon. Then the position of deacon was abolished, and his duties were performed by a psalm-reader. The wooden church building was rebuilt several times due to its dilapidation, but was never replaced by a stone one. The last reconstruction was carried out from 1874 to 1878 at the expense of parishioners. In 1892-1906, priest Pavel Andrievsky served here, transferred to Radubezh from s. Olshanets . In 1906-1919, the priest was Gabriel Vasilievich Krempolsky, translated from s. Upper Khalchi . Father G.V. Krempolsky - Vasily Ivanovich in 1860-1873 served as a deacon in the Linets church of the Archangel Michael. Since 1919, the priest Alexander Karasev, who was transferred from s. Tazovo Kursk County . In addition to the population of Radubezh, residents of neighboring villages - Zhuravinki and Podymovka - were attributed to the parish of Nicholas Church. In 1915, there were 1705 parishioners in these three settlements. At that time, the church had at its disposal 10 acres of manor and 40 acres of arable land. In addition to the wooden church with a bell tower, the church house included the houses of a priest and a psalm-reader, a church gatehouse. There were up to 85 icons in the temple, among which are the images of the Assumption of the Mother of God in stone vestments and the Resurrection of Christ brought from Jerusalem , artistic images on the canvas of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called and the Lord of hosts, metal and satin banners and others. After the October Revolution of 1917, persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church and its ministers began. By the decision of the Presidium of the Kursk Oblast Executive Committee of October 15, 1935, the temple was closed, and the building was converted into a school. In the 1960s, the building of the former church was dismantled and used to build a new school building, erected near the old one. Currently, on the site of the destroyed church is a wasteland.

Azarenkovs, Bulokhovs, Smooth, Golubkovs, Efremovs, Zinovievs, Ighins, Kryukovs, Minchenkovs, Olenchenkovs, Polyansky, Ryabykh, Sotnikovs, Terekhovs, Tolstoys.

• Shkrebo, Vasily Andreevich (1922—?) - Chairman of the Fatezhsky District Executive Committee (1952–1955). Born in Rainbow.

The school in Radubezh has been operating since the second half of the 19th century. At different times, it was called the parish church, zemstvo, public school. Before the October Revolution, it was mainly taught by priests. After the civil war of 1918-1920, a first-level school (primary) was working in Radubezh. Before the Great Patriotic War, it was called the ShKM (school of collective farm youth), then the seven-year school. In subsequent years, the Radubezh school was called either eight-year or now basic. Graduates received their full secondary education most often in the Linetsk Secondary School. In the post-war period, the school bore the name of its student - Hero of the Soviet Union Ilya Prokhorovich Andryukhin . In 1961, the school building began to collapse, in connection with this a new school building was built, which has survived to this day. In the early 1960s, more than 130 students studied here. In 2009, the school was closed ^[21] . The directors of the school at different times were: Varvara Petrovna Golovina-Panova (? —1941), Vasily Andreyevich Shkrebo (1949-1951), G. A. Bykanov, Alevtina Sergeyevna Kuznetsova and others. The last principal of the Radubezh school was Lyudmila Ivanovna Kryukova.

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