Moses Savelievich Zhirmunsky (later Maximilian and Maxim Savelievich , at birth - Moses Shevakhovich Zhirmunsky ; [1] December 28, 1849 , Vilno - 1937 , Leningrad ) - Russian and Soviet otorhinolaryngologist, medical scientist [2] . The author of Russia's first textbook on diseases of the ear, throat and nose (1892). [3] [4] Father of the linguist V. M. Zhirmunsky .
| Moses Savelievich Zhirmunsky | |
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| Scientific field | otolaryngology |
| Place of work | Imperial Clinical Institute of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna |
| Alma mater | University of Berlin Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy (1879) |
| Academic degree | doctor of medicine (1885) |
Biography
Born on December 28 (old style) in 1849 in Vilna, in the family of the merchant of the third guild (subsequently the first guild and a hereditary honorary citizen) Shevakh Mendelevich Zhirmunsky (1820 - no later than 1880) and his wife Rohli Aronovna (1821-1891). [5] He graduated from the medical faculty of the University of Berlin (1871) and the Medical and Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg (1879). [6] [7] He defended the dissertation of a doctor of medicine on the subject “On the effect of rarefied air on the human body” at the Medical and Surgical Academy in 1885 . Until the end of the 1880s he lived in Vilna, then received the right to reside in St. Petersburg.
He was an employee (specialist) of the Imperial Clinical Institute of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna . [8] In the years 1891-1916, he also served as a consultant at the Christmas Hospital in St. Petersburg, taught at Christmas feldsher courses. In 1892 he published the “Quick Guide to Ear Diseases for Doctors and Students” - the first textbook in this field of medicine in Russian.
He is the author of a number of scientific works in clinical and surgical otorhinolaryngology, including the treatment of ozena , otitis media and hearing loss , a pioneer in the use of pilocarpine for ear diseases. [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]
M.S. Zhirmunsky was published in German medical journals until the 1930s. [17] [18] [19] Honorary member of the Leningrad Society of Otolaryngologists.
Family
- Younger brother - Semyon Savelyevich (Solomon, Shlema Shevakhovich) Zhirmunsky (1863-1935), a graduate of the Riga Polytechnic Institute [20] , was a chemical engineer, one of the technical managers of the Anglo-Belgian factory “Viscose”, the author of the first Russian-language monographs on artificial fibers - “Artificial fiber” (economics, production, consumption, with S. A. Anuchin, 1927) and “Artificial silk” (1930). [21]
M.S. Zhirmunsky was married three times.
- The first wife - Tauba (Theobalda) Samuilovna Rabinovich, originally from Kovno , died in 1886.
- Children - Victor (1874), Clara (1875), Maria (1878), Sergey (Shevakh, 1880-1881, died of typhus).
- The second wife (1887, Vilna) - Elizaveta Abramovna Yogyhes (née Wienaver, 1862-1911), her nephew - legal scholar A.M. Vinaver .
- Daughters - Vera (1887) and Alexander (1890).
- The third wife is Alexandra Yakovlevna (nee Malkiel ; 1859-1945), from a family of famous manufacturers and construction contractors from Dvinsk [22] [23] . Her brothers Mendel (Matvey) Yankelevich Malkiel (1868—?) And Lev Yankelevich Malkiel established in 1902 in St. Petersburg the partnership “Electro-Dynamic Russian-American Electromechanical Plants”.
- Son - German philologist Viktor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky .
- Grandson - Academician Aleksey Viktorovich Zhirmunsky , marine biologist. Granddaughters - philologist and literary critic Vera Viktorovna Astvatsaturova (born 1947), wife of cultural scientist A. G. Astvatsaturov ; artist Alexandra Viktorovna Zhirmunskaya (born 1949).
- Daughter - Raisa Maksimovna Zhirmunskaya ( Italian: Raisa Girmunschi , 1893-1971), in 1913 she married her cousin, artist Konstantin Arkadyevich Zhirmunsky (brother of M.A. Malkiel-Zhirmunsky ), with whom she lived in Italy from the beginning of the First World War. .
- Son - German philologist Viktor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky .
- Nephew (son of his brother Aron Shevakhovich Zhirmunsky, 1861—?) - Miron Arkadyevich Malkiel-Zhirmunsky , art critic. Nephew (son of Kuna Shevakhovna Zhirmunskaya’s sister) - surgeon Yakov Iosifovich Halpern .
- The grand-niece (the granddaughter of his older brother - the Vilna merchant of the first guild and construction contractor Wulf Shevakhovich Zhirmunsky, 1840, Vilna - 1900, Druskeniki ) - Tamara Alexandrovna Zhirmunskaya (born 1936 ), poetess, translator, and literary critic.
Monographs
- Moses of Zhirmunsky . On the effect of rarefied air on the human body. The dissertation of a doctor of medicine. - St. Petersburg, 1885. - 63 p. [24]
- Moses of Zhirmunsky . A new operational way to achieve non-healing artificial perforation of the eardrum. - St. Petersburg: A. L. Eberman Printing House, 1891.
- Moses of Zhirmunsky . A quick guide to ear diseases for doctors and students. - St. Petersburg: Tipolithography by K. L. Pentkovsky, 1892. - 169 p.
- Moses of Zhirmunsky . Pilocarpine in diseases of the middle ear and labyrinth. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Ministry of Railways of the Partnership I. N. Kushnerev and Co. °, 1894.
Notes
- ↑ In German publications - MS Schirmunski .
- ↑ Tombstone at the Preobrazhensky Jewish cemetery : There is some confusion with the birth date of M. S. Zhirmunsky. Dates of life on a tombstone: 1854-1937 (the same is in Vengerov's Critical and Biographical Dictionary of Russian Writers and Scientists). The Jüdisches Biographisches Lexikon shows the dates of life 1856-1937. In a late autobiography (1930), Dr. M. S. Zhirmunsky is referred to as Maximilian Schirmunsky and the year of birth also indicates 1856. However, according to the revision tales for the Vilnius province and the rabbinical birth record available on the website of the Jewish genealogy JewishGen.org (database for Lithuania, registration is required), Movsha Shevakhovich Zhirmunsky was born on December 28, 1849 (circumcised on January 4, 1850)
- ↑ V. T. Palchun “Diseases of the ear, throat and nose”
- ↑ T. P. Mchelidze "The first Russian textbook on diseases of the ear, throat and nose" (inaccessible link)
- ↑ In the lists of Vilna merchants dated May 2, 1858, Shevakh-Hirsch Mendelevich Zhirmunsky still appears as a merchant of the third guild.
- ↑ Autobiographical questionnaire (1930)
- ↑ Ideology and Philology
- ↑ Moses Savelievich Zhirmunsky, specialist of the hospital of Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna : A Brief Guide to Ear Diseases for Doctors and Students. St. Petersburg: typographic lithography of K. L. Pentkovsky, 1892.
- ↑ Method of treatment of Zhirmunsky’s lake : V.V. Shapurov “Surgical treatment of diseases and injuries of the ear, throat and nose”.
- ↑ hearing loss
- ↑ Chronic suppurative otitis media
- ↑ Fetid runny nose
- ↑ Catarrhal salpingo otitis
- ↑ Surgical interventions for otitis media
- ↑ Selected list of scientific papers from Curriculum vitae by Dr. Maximilian of Zhirmunsky (1930)
- ↑ Residues of transferred inflammatory processes in the middle ear (residual and adhesive processes, dry perforation, scars) : M. S. Zhirmunsky, who used the operation of perforation of the eardrum by vertical or cross-section from 1890 with subsequent burning of the edges of the section with chromic acid, in 1925 year proposed a method consisting in the following: with a Politzer'a knife, an arcuate incision is made directly around the handle of the hammer with pulling the hammer outward. Due to the fact that there are no circular fibers of the substantiae propriae of the tympanic membrane at this site, the edges of this section diverge, and the perforation remains stable. This evens out the difference in air pressure between the tympanic cavity and the external environment and improves hearing .
- ↑ Die Mobilizationation der Gehörknöchelchen zum Zwecke der Hörverbesserung (link not available)
- ↑ Die künstliche Perforation des Trommelfells zum Zwecke der Hörverbesserung; ein neues Verfahren zur Erreichung einer persistenten Perforation (inaccessible link) .
- ↑ Facsimile of the autobiography of M.S. Zhirmunsky (Maximilian Schirmunsky, 1930)
- ↑ Solomon Zhirmunsky (Riga Polytechnic) Archival copy of October 6, 2014 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 100 years of the development of chemical fibers in Russia Archival copy of April 25, 2015 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ K. Mochulsky “Letters to V. M. Zhirmunsky”
- ↑ Tombstone of A. Ya. Zhirmunskaya (1859-1945) at the Preobrazhensky Jewish cemetery. In some sources, the date of life: 1862-1945.
- ↑ List of dissertations of St. Petersburg State University