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| Dog's bark | |
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Barking is a sound made , as a rule, by dogs , although sometimes similar sounds made by wolves , foxes , martens and pinnipeds are also called by the same word [1] . The transliteration of the sound of barking in different human languages is different; in Russian, the words "woof" and "yaw" are usually used. In one study, barking is designated as a jerky sound or a series of repeating sounds lasting an average of 40-140 ms [2] .
Researcher Sophia Ying in her work, based on the study of 4672 bark records, identified at least three different types of this sound in dogs, differing in frequency and cause: warning of danger (390-1156 Hz); communication with each other (476-1502 Hz); barking caused by isolation (frequencies are different, barking is most often jerky) [3] . Moreover, in a study by other authors, up to 12 different types of bark are distinguished [4] .
In wolves, this type of vocalization is also found, but studies have shown that barking in these animals is short and is rarely used by them, while dog barking is long, rhythmic and is used much more often and in a variety of situations [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Lord, Kathryn., Feinstein, Mark., Coppinger, Raymond. Barking and mobbing. Behavioral Processes. 2009.
- ↑ Acoustic parameters of dog barks carry emotional information for humans; Peter Pongracz, Csaba Molnar, Adam Miklosi Applied Animal Behavior Science (2006)
- ↑ Barking in domestic dogs: context speci fi city and individual identi fi cation SOPHIA YIN & BRENDA MCCOWAN, ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, 2004, 68, 343 Archived September 22, 2017 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Human listeners are able to classify dog (Canis familiaris) barks recorded in different situations. Pongrácz P, Molnár C, Miklósi A, Csányi V. J Comp Psychol. 2005 May; 119 (2): 136-44
- ↑ Coppinger, R .; M. Feinstein. 'Hark! Hark! The dogs do bark ... 'and bark and hark. (unspecified) // Smithsonian. - 1991 .-- T. 21 . - S. 119-128 .