Baltrušaitis, Yurgis Kazimirovich

Jurgis Baltrušaitis was born in the Kovno province in a family of Lithuanian peasants ^[2] . He studied at the Kovno gymnasium ( 1885–1893 ) and at the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University ^[3] ( 1893–1898 ); at the same time he attended lectures at the Faculty of History and Philology. I approached S. A. Polyakov , who studied at the mathematical department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, and through him met KD Balmont and V. Ya. Bryusov , later with V. I. Ivanov ; friend and admirer of the poet and composer A. N. Scriabin .

In August 1899, he secretly got married with Maria Ivanovna Olovyanishnikova (1878–1948), the cousin of Elizabeth Alexandrovna Dyakonova (author of The Diary of a Russian Woman).

He made his debut in print in the autumn of 1899 . Together with Polyakov, Bryusov and Balmont, he founded the publishing house “Scorpion” , which began with the publication of the joint translation of Baltrushaytis and Polyakov with the drama of Henrik Ibsen “When we, the dead, wake up”.

He was an employee of the almanac "Northern Flowers" magazine "Libra" . Later he appeared in the newspaper "Rus", in the magazines "Pravda", "Golden Fleece" , "Russian Thought", "Russian Vedomosti", "Zavety" (1912-1914), "Northern Notes", in the English magazine "The Mask" (1913).

Member of the literary bureau of the Theater Studio of the Moscow Art Theater (1905), took part in the work of the Free Theater headed by KA Mardzhanov, the Moscow Art Theater, the Chamber Theater.

Long lived abroad ( Italy , Scandinavian countries , Germany ).

He worked in Lito Narcompros ( 1918 ), was chairman of the Moscow Union of Writers ( 1919 ), participated in the work of the publishing house "World Literature" .

From 1920, a representative (initially a formal adviser to an unapproved representative) of the Republic of Lithuania in Moscow, from April 27, 1921 with the rank of chargé d'affaires, since 1922 - ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary. At the same time, the representative of Lithuania in Turkey ( 1932 ) and Persia ( 1933 ). Contributed to travel abroad figures of Russian culture.

Honorary Doctor of the University of Vitovt the Great in Kaunas ( 1932 ).

In April 1939, he left Russia, having been appointed adviser to the Lithuanian embassy in Paris . In Paris, where his son Jurgis Baltrušaitis Jr. , an art historian, had moved earlier, the last years of his life passed. He died in Paris, buried in the Mont Rouge cemetery.

Poems began to write in Russian. In the autumn of 1899, he published his first poem in V. S. Mirolyubov 's Journal for All . In 1899 - 1906 he participated in the activities of the Moscow Symbolists, more and more clearly taking a separate position in symbolist poetry and literary life. This position corresponds to the images of a recluse and a lonely traveler leading in his philosophical lyrics. “... it proceeds from the belief in the high purpose of man, in overcoming the universal disharmony, the gap between nature and the individual“ I. ” ^[4]

He wrote about 300 poems in Russian. Lynas Broga translated them into Lithuanian . Baltrušaitis poems are also translated into English , Armenian , Bulgarian , Hungarian , Dutch , Latvian , German , Polish , French and other languages.

The first poem in Lithuanian was published in 1927 . In 1940 - 1943 In Paris, he prepared three collections of his poems in Lithuanian (Ašarų Vainikas, Wreath of Tears, Parts I and II; Aukuro dūmai, Smoke of the Altar) and the poem Новосkurtuvės (Housewarming). They represent the masterful completion of previous creativity. The first book of poems in Lithuanian was published only in 1942 . Posthumously published a collection of poems in the Lithuanian language "Poezija" ("Poetry"; Boston , 1948 ). The most complete collection of Lithuanian poetry “Poezija” ( 1967 ).

Baltrušaitis made a significant contribution to the art of translation. He translated mainly poetic and dramatic works, initially performing a Symbolist program to familiarize the Russian public with Western European literature, then introducing foreign drama into the repertoire of the Russian theater. He translated the works of the English poet D. Byron (“The Vision of the Last Judgment”, “The Bronze Age”), the Norwegian writers Henrik Ibsen (“Per-Gunt”, “Fru Inger of Estroth”, “The Builder Solnes” and “Gedda Gabler”) and Knut Hamsun (“Famine”, “Victoria”, “The Game of Life”, “Evening Dawn” and “Tamara”), the German writer G. Hauptmann (“ Poor Henry ”, “Holiday of Reconciliation”, “Shlyuk and Yau”), D ' Annunzio ( "Dead city", "Gioconda", "Fame"), the individual works Oscar Wilde , August Strindberg , Herman Zudermana , Gunnar Geyberga, Maurice Meterlinka , Rab ndranata Tagore and others. He translated poems by Armenian poets for the anthology of Armenian poetry prepared by V.Ya. Bryusov (1916), also by Jewish poets, the Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard (“Unhappy”).

• Earth steps. Elegies, songs, poems. Moscow: Scorpio, 1911
• Mountain trail. The second book of the lyrics Moscow: Scorpio, 1912
• Lily and sickle. Paris: YMCA Press, 1948
• Tree on fire: poems. Vilnius: Vaga, 1969
• Tree on fire: poems. 2nd ed. Vilnius: Vaga, 1983
• Lily and sickle: poems. Moscow: Fiction, 1989
• Urtkurtuvės. Poema-pasakėčia. Kaunas: Valstybinė l-kla, 1941
• Ašarų vainikas. Kaunas: Valstybinė l-kla, 1942
• Žemės pakopos = Zemnyja Stupeni: elegijos, giesmės, poemos / iš rusų k. vertė J. Valaitis. Tiubingenas: A. Urbonas, J. Kapočius, 1947
• Poezija Bostonas: Kun. PM Juras, 1948
• Žemės laiptai: elegijos, giesmės, poemos; Kalnų takas / vertė Linas Broga. Vilnius: Vaga, 1973
• Lelija ir pjautuvas: poezija. Iš rusų kalbos vertė Linas Broga. Vilnius: Vaga, 1996
• Menka, ką tu vien protu žymi ...: poezija. Kaunas: Vada 2000
• “Apimti žmogų iki dugno”: estetika, literatūros kritika, vertinimai. Vilnius: Aidai, 2001

Baltrushaytis had a cottage near Moscow in Nemchinovka . Having fenced off the territory, he built a garden, a pond and a tennis court here. Digging a well and installing the pump, spent the sewage and water supply. In the second half of the 1930s, before the outbreak of the war, this cottage was rented by the American diplomatic corps ^[5] .

The name of Jurgis Baltrušaitis is:

• Moscow secondary school № 1247 named after Yurgis Baltrušaitis
• Street in Vilnius in the district of Pashilaychyay ( Jurgio Baltrušaičio gatvė ) ^[6]

• Baltrushaytis, Yuri Kazimirovich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Victoria Daouyte . Jurgis Baltrušaitis: monograph. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1983.
• History of Lithuanian literature. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1977. - p. 274-278.
• Ryzhkova-Grishina L.V. "Longing for the secret of the star ...". Understanding natural secrets in the works of Yu. K. Batrushaitis // Russian scientific journal (HAC list). 2014. № 5 (43). Pp. 245-247.
• Jurgis Baltrušaitis: poetas, vertėjas, diplomatas / redaktorė Donata Mitaitė. - Vilnius: Liet. literatūros ir tautosakos inst., 1999.
• Viktorija Daujotytė . Jurgis Baltrušaitis: (monografija). - Vilnius, 1974.
• Viktorija Daujotytė . Su Jurgiu Baltrušaičiu. - Vilnius: Regnum, 1994.
• Gintauta Kievišienė, Vytautas Kutkevičius, Nijolė Norkienė. Jurgio Baltrušaičio pėdos gimtinėje. - Jurbarkas: Šviesa, [1997].
• Lietuvių rašytojai. Bibliografinis žodynas: A — J. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1979. pp. 107-113.
• Laimonas Tapinas. Imk, klajokli, žibintą vilties: poeto ir diplomato Jurgio Baltrušaičio gyvenimo kronika. - Vilnius: Alma littera, 2000.

• Jurgis Baltrušaitis poems in the Anthology of Russian Poetry
• Baltrushaytis on Elemental
• A collection of Russian poetry "Lirikon" - Baltrushaitis Yu. K.
• Shot in Smolny