ES2

In 2014, due to the increase in passenger traffic on routes connecting city stations with airports, Aeroexpress LLC signed a contract with Stadler Rail AG for the production of 25 double-decker high-speed trains based on the Stadler KISS family - 16 in four-car and 9 in six-car versions. The cost of all 118 cars at the time of the conclusion of the contract was 385.31 million euros. According to the production plan, the first three trains were to be completely assembled in Altenrhein, where the Stadler Research and Practice Center is located. The assembly of the remaining 22 trains was to be carried out at the company's new plant near Minsk (in the city of Fanipol ) ^{[5] [6]} .

The first ESH2 electric trains were manufactured in Switzerland at the Stadler Altenrhein AG ^{[3] [4]} plant in Altenrhein ^{[k 2]} . For the first time, the body of a motor car for the future train was presented at the plant in Altenrhein in early February 2014. ^[6] In August 2014, the plant released the first six-car electric train ESh2-001, which was soon sent by ferry to Klaipeda (Lithuania), from where it continued following the rails to Belarus to the Stadler Minsk plant ^{[7] [8] [9]} , and in November - to Moscow, where he presented at the depot. Ilyich ^[3] . Soon, a second electric train (ESh2-002) was launched from the plant, manufactured in a four-car train. The third Swiss-made train, produced in six-carriage and later received the number 005, was delivered by ferry to Lithuania and sent to Fanipol only in April 2015, in the same year another four-car train No. 003 was sent from Switzerland ^{[10] [9 ] ]} . All other trains were assembled at the Stadler Minsk plant in Fanipol. All trains for Aeroexpress received a burgundy red color with a black frontal part and horizontal stripes in the window area and gray stripes between them, as well as orange stripes in front above the buffer lights and on the sides at the level of the gray strip in the door area ^[9] .

However, in 2014, due to a lack of funds due to the currency crisis (in particular, a double depreciation of the ruble against the euro), Aeroexpress was forced to delay the payment of new trains in the amount of 4.24 billion rubles ^[11] . Both companies were forced to revise further plans for cooperation and agree on a possible delay and reduction in the supply volume ^[12] . Meeting the Russian partner, the head of Stadler Rail AG Peter Shpuler said that Aeroexpress would not be fined (late payment threatened not only with fines, but also with termination of the contract) ^{[11] [12]} , emphasizing that he was proud of the participation of his company in the supply of these trains. According to him, the project for the Aeroexpress company was at that time the largest in Russia. In turn, the general director of Aeroexpress LLC stated that the deal to acquire these trains is the largest in the history of the company ^[13] . At the same time, in order to increase the recoupment of costs for the development of ES2 electric trains and to avoid delayed payments, it was decided to sell some of the ESH2 electric trains issued to other customers in the post-Soviet space, if possible ^[12] .

In early 2015, the leadership of the Azerbaijan Railways became interested in ESH2 trains, after which on May 13 of the same year, a contract was signed between him and Stadler in Baku for the supply of five four-car ESH2 electric trains worth about 70 million euros (14 million per train). In this regard, the first two Belarusian trains with numbers 003 and 009, originally intended for Aeroexpress, were repainted in May in May and sent to Azerbaijan ^[14] . The trains received a white color with a black horizontal stripe on the sides between the rows of windows and gray strips in the window area, and the doors and the fringing of the black stripe are dark golden in color. A little later, the designation of the series in Azerbaijan began to be indicated as EŞ2 (that is, similar letters of the Azerbaijani alphabet ) ^[9] .

In 2016, the Georgian Railway became interested in ESH2 trains and ultimately concluded a contract for the purchase of four ESH2 trains with a total value of 40 million euros, that is, 10 million euros per train) ^[15] . All trains for Georgia were also four-car ^[9] (in the source ^{[15] they were} mistakenly indicated as six-car). These trains received a white-red color (in the style of the national flag of Georgia), with a light gray top of the frontal part and dark gray stripes at the level of the side windows, below and on the roof on the sides ^[9] .

Also in 2016, a new agreement was approved with Aeroexpress - it was decided to continue deliveries, however, the volume of purchases was reduced to 62 cars (a total of 11 trains, of which 9 were six-car and 2 were four-car). The amount of the new contract amounted to 183.9 million euros ^[13] .

As of the beginning of 2017, 20 trains (11 four-car and 9 six-car) of the ESH2 series (including EŞ2 and GRS) were built; Of these, two six-car (001 and 005) and two four-car (002 and 003) were produced in Switzerland, and all the rest - in Belarus. In 2018, information appeared on the construction of specimens for Azerbaijan (EŞ2) with numbers 015, 016 and 017, and in 2019 - with number 018. Data on the production of ESH2 electric trains by year as of July 2018 is given in the table: ^[9]

Electric trains ESh2 “Eurasia” are designed for suburban or regional passenger traffic on 1520 mm gauge sections with a supply voltage of 3 kV DC and equipped with high platforms ^[3] , with a life of 40 years. ESH2 trains upon delivery are formed from six or from four cars ^{[1] [16]} . The compositions delivered to Azerbaijan received a similar designation, but already in Latin (i.e. EŞ2 ). The compositions for Georgia received the designation of the GRS series ^[9] .

Electric trains ESH2 belong to the family of double-decker electric trains Stadler KISS and differ from most European counterparts in the increased dimensions used in the countries of the former Soviet Union ^[5] . The KISS brand is an acronym ( German K omfortabler I nnovativer S purtstarker S- Bahn-Zug ^[17] , which can be translated as a comfortable innovative high-speed city train ). This brand is used for double-decker trains in conjunction with the acronym FLIRT of the same company for single-deck trains ( German: F linker Leichter I nnovativer R egional- T riebzug ^[18] , which can be translated as a high-speed lightweight innovative regional train ). At the same time, the words kiss and flirt translate from English as a kiss and flirt, respectively.

Composition

ESH2 trains are delivered from six or four wagons upon delivery. The six-car option includes cars of three "classical" types: trailed head (PG), engine intermediate (Mp) and trailed intermediate (Pp). The four-car option does not contain PP cars, and one of the intermediate cars is a motor-trailer (MPP); this means that one of its trolleys is a towing one and the other is a runner ^{[1] [16]} .

Four-car compositions are formed in a permanent composition Пг + Мп + MPп + Пг from two two-car sections containing one head and one motor car. The six-car structure is formed of two three-car sections according to the scheme (Pg + Mn + Pn) + (Pn + Mn + Pg). Possible operation in the composition of five cars, as well as the operation of the system of many units (up to three trains in the train) ^{[1] [16]} .

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  ESh2-024 of Russian Aeroexpress in a six-car unit

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  GRS (ES2) of Georgian railways in four-car composition

Numbering and Marking

The numbering system adopted for ESH2 trains is in many respects similar to the classical (that is, used for electric trains of the USSR and Russia). The trains are assigned three-digit spelling numbers starting with 001. Marking on the front of the head cars is performed in the ESh2-XXX format, where XXX is the train number ^{[9] [19] [20]} (without indicating the car number). Marking is applied in the center, above the automatic coupler. For trains of Azerbaijan and Georgia, instead of ES2, the series EŞ2 ^{[9] [21]} and GRS ^{[9] [22] are} indicated, respectively.

Each train car gets its own number, in which the first numbers indicate the train number, the last two - the car number in the train. The marking with the wagon numbers is carried out under the windows in the middle of the wagon and differs from the marking on the frontal part by adding two digits of the wagon number to the end in the ESH2-XXX YY format (for trains of Azerbaijan and Georgia the series designation is EŞ2 and GRS). Some difference from the classical system - two added numbers are written with a space. Motor cars get even numbers 02 and 04, trailed head ones - odd numbers 01 and 09, intermediate trailed ones get the rest odd numbers (03 and 05) ^[19] . A motorized trailer car receives an even number 06 ^{[21] [22]} (this is another difference from the classical system).

The numbering of cars of a six-car and four-car train on the example of trains 001 ^[19] and 002 ^{[20] is} given in the table:

Specifications

The main parameters of the ESH2 electric train: ^{[1] [16]}

Body

The body of the wagons are made of aluminum. The head cars in the frontal part are equipped with Scharfenberg automatic couplings , which allows several trains to be coupled through a system of many units with automatic connection of pneumatic highways and electric circuits of trains ^[16] . Between cars there are hermetic junctions of the accordion type. The current collectors are located on the roofs of the head cars near the rear end of the car ^[9] .

The head cars of trains have a length of 28.8 meters, motor - 22.05 meters, trailed intermediate - a length of 26.7 meters ^[1] . Compared to the Stadler KISS base model, which is operated in Central Europe, the width and height of Stadler KISS RUS wagons, taking into account the permissible rolling stock dimensions in Russia, were increased by 600 and 740 mm, respectively ^[24] . The width of the car bodies is 3400 mm, and the height is 5240 mm ^[16] .

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  ESh2-002. Wagon ЭШ2-00201 (Пг)

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  ESh2-001. Wagon ESh2-00104 (MP)

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  ESh2-001. Wagon ЭШ2-00105 (Пп)

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  ESh2-002. Wagon ESh2-00206 (MPp)

Carts

Each carriage is supported by two biaxial bogies, while for 4-carriage trains on one of the motor cars, only one of the bogies is equipped with traction motors (3 motor bogies per train), while on 6-carriage trains, all bogies of both are equipped with traction electric motors motor wagons (4 motor trolleys per train) ^[16] .

Interior

The passenger compartment is divided into the main two-level part, located in the space between the wagon trolleys, and the vestibule compartments located at the ends of the cars and having stairs to go to the upper and lower levels to the main part. The tambour compartments of the cars are equipped with double-wing reclining and sliding doors and are designed for operation with high platforms ^[1] . The height of the floor in the input compartments from the level of the rail head is 1285 mm, in the main part of the passenger compartment of the lower level - 685 mm, the upper level - 2974 mm ^[16] .

One of the head cars has 84 seats of the 1st (business) class and 4 seats of the 2nd (standard) class, the other - 112 seats of the 2nd class, 8 folding seats and 2 seats for the disabled. Motor cars have 94 each, and trailed intermediate ones have 152 seats of the 2nd class, respectively ^[1] . Class 1 seats in the main part of the passenger compartment are arranged in a 2 + 2 pattern in a row on each side of the aisle, class 2 seats are arranged in a 2 + 3 pattern in a row, with the exception of the seats near the passenger aisle located 2 on each side. Some of the standard-class seats are located in the vestibule zone between the inter-car passage and the entrance doors ^{[9] [25]} .

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  Salon at entry level

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  Staircase to the 2nd floor

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  Staircase to the 1st floor

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  Salon 1 class

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  Salon 2 class

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  Driver's cab

Initially, it was assumed that all ESH2 electric trains will become the property of Aeroexpress in Russia and will be operated as suburban express trains from Moscow railway stations to airports in 2015. However, the Russian currency crisis of 2014, during which the ruble depreciated against the euro by about half, led to an increase in the cost of orders for trains in rubles. As a result, Aeroexpress refused to purchase part of the trains that were sold to the Azerbaijan and Georgian Railways ^{[9] [11] [12]} . By July 2018, all 20 trains were put into regular passenger operation ^[9] .

Data on the status of operation and the distribution of compositions by numbers as of April 2019 are shown in the table: ^[9]

Russia

The first two ESH2 electric trains at the end of 2014 arrived at the Ilyich depot and were soon sent to conduct pilot trips to the VNIIZhT ring in Shcherbinka. In the process of testing the electric trains made a number of experimental trips without passengers along the routes Scherbinka - Moscow, Scherbinka - Stolbovaya - Kubinka - Moscow-Belorusskaya ( Kursk , Bolshoi Okruzhnoe and Smolensk directions of the Moscow Railway) and Moscow - Vladimir ( Gorkov direction of the Moscow Railway ) ^[10] .

In September 2015, electric trains 001 and 002 participated in the Expo 1520 exhibition at the VNIIZhT ring in Shcherbinka . The six-car electric train 001 participated in demonstration trips around the ring with passengers (visitors to the exhibition) from September 2 to 5, 2015, and the four-car train 002 was on the territory of the depot as part of a static exposition. Conditionally, we can assume that in Russia the ESH2 series trains began to be operated with passengers from September 2, 2015 (the first day of the exhibition), but full-fledged passenger operation has not yet been started, and the trains returned to the manufacturer for some time. In November 2015, due to the financial problems of the customer ^[4], these two trains were sent for some time to the Shklov reserve base in Belarus, where other ESh2 were located. During 2016 and 2017, the first two electric trains continued the test cycle at the Shcherbinsky ring and the directions of the Moscow junction ^[10] .

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  ЭШ2-001 at the VNIIZHT ring in Scherbinka

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  View from the cab ESh2-001 when driving on the ring

Since 2016, it was planned to gradually introduce electric trains into regular operation on the Moscow Railway as express trains from the Belorussky, Kiev and Paveletsky train stations of Moscow to the airports of Sheremetyevo, Vnukovo and Domodedovo, respectively ^[6] . Эксплуатация должна была происходить в сдвоенном режиме. Во Внуково курсировали бы составы из 6 вагонов, в Шереметьево — 4+4, в Домодедово — 4+6 ^[26] . Однако все эти планы скорректировались и сдвинулись из-за сложностей российского экономического положения , при этом срок ввода в эксплуатацию постоянно переносился ^[27] . Часть поездов длительное время находилось в Белоруссии, а другая часть простаивала на путях Савёловского вокзала . В конце августа-начале сентября 2017 года электропоезд 001 в очередной раз демонстрировался на выставке Экспо 1520 в Щербинке, на этот раз доступ внутрь для посетителей был закрыт. К середине 2017 года большая часть поездов прибыла в Россию ^[9] .

Начало регулярного сообщения электропоездов ЭШ2 «Аэроэкспресса» было организовано в октябре 2017 года на Киевском направлении МЖД по маршруту Москва-Пассажирская-Киевская — Аэропорт Внуково ^[28] . Первый рейс с Киевского вокзала в аэропорт, в который отправился состав ЭШ2-024, состоялся 27 октября 2017 года в 14:00; перед рейсом поезд осмотрел министр транспорта России Максим Соколов ^[29] . С 22 ноября этого же года было открыто движение ЭШ2 на Павелецком направлении в аэропорт Домодедово с Павелецкого вокзала ^[30] .

До конца 2017 года ОАО «Аэроэкспресс» намеревалось ввести в эксплуатацию все одиннадцать составов ЭШ2 и заменить ими все арендуемые у РЖД ЭД4М ^[30] , однако первый состав (номер 001) долгое время выезжал только на испытательный полигон и был введён в регулярную эксплуатацию последним, в июне 2018 года ^[31] . При этом семь поездов планировалось выделить на Павелецкое направление ^[32] , а остальные четыре — на Киевское . На Савёловском направлении использование составов ЭШ2 на маршруте в аэропорт Шереметьево изначально не планировалось из-за низкого габарита Тверского путепровода над восточной горловиной станции Москва-Смоленская, с которой отправляются поезда Аэроэкспресса, однако в дальнейшем возможна организация сообщения ЭШ2 на этом направлении от Савёловского вокзала ^{[33] [34]} . Периодически два четырёхвагонных поезда 002 и 010 эксплуатируются в сдвоенном режиме, при этом в одном из вагонов бизнес-класса допускается проезд без соответствующего билета и контроль не осуществляется ^[35] . В перспективе часть составов может начать эксплуатироваться в виде сцепов четырёхвагонных и шестивагонных поездов ^[33] . В 20 числах мая 2019 года стало известно, что Аэроэкспресс рассматривает возможность эксплуатации составов данной серии на маршруте Белорусский вокзал - Шереметьево (Аэропорт Шереметьево) и обсуждает это с РЖД .

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  ЭШ2-024 на Киевском вокзале (первые дни эксплуатации)

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  ЭШ2-024. Торжественный первый пуск с Киевского вокзала (момент отправления)

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  ЭШ2-024 на платформе Аэропорт Внуково (первые дни эксплуатации)

Азербайджан

На Азербайджанских железных дорогах по состоянию на июль 2018 года эксплуатировались пять четырёхвагонных составов ЭШ2 с номерами 003, 008, 009, 019 и 020 ^[9] . Все поезда приписаны к депо Баку-Пассажирская ^[9] и курсируют в качестве пригородных экспрессов на 42-километровой линии Баку — Сумгаит с промежуточными остановками Баладжары и Хырдалан ^[36] . Эксплуатация первых двух поездов с номерами 003 и 009 началась в июне 2015, где они стали перевозить пассажиров во время Европейских игр 2015 , проходящих в городе ^[14] , позднее было поставлено ещё три состава.

По состоянию на 2017 год, на линии курсирует одиннадцать пар поездов в сутки c номерами рейсов в диапазоне 6001—6022: поезда чётных рейсов отправляются из Сумгаита, поезда нечётных рейсов — из Баку. При этом утренние три пары рейсов 6001—6006 курсируют только по рабочим дням. Время в пути на полном маршруте составляет 42 минуты ^[36] .

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  ЭШ2-020 на станции Баку-Пассажирская

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  ЭШ2-019 перед станцией Сумгаит

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  ЭШ2 на станции Сумгаит

Грузия

На Грузинской железной дороге по состоянию на июль 2018 года эксплуатируется четыре четырёхвагонных состава GRS с номерами от 011 до 014 ^[9] . Все поезда приписаны к депо Тбилиси-Пассажирская ^[9] и курсируют в качестве межрегиональных экспрессов на маршруте Тбилиси — Батуми с промежуточными остановками Уреки и Кобулети в окрестностях Батуми ^[37] . Эксплуатация первых двух поездов с номерами 011 и 012 началась 25 июля 2016 года в одиночном режиме ^{[9] [38]} . Позднее в начале 2017 года было поставлено ещё два состава 013 и 014, при этом количество маршрутов осталось прежним, а поезда начали эксплуатироваться в сдвоенном режиме (011+012 и 013+014 ^[9] ), что позволило вдвое увеличить провозную способность маршрута.

По состоянию на 2017 год, на линии курсирует две пары поездов в сутки (одна пара утром и одна вечером) c номерами рейсов в диапазоне 801—804 ^{[37] [39]} . Время в пути на полном маршруте составляет 4 часа 59 минут в направлении Батуми и 4 часа 55 минут в направлении Тбилиси. Время в пути на участке Батуми — Кобулети составляет 19 минут, Кобулети — Уреки — 26 минут ^[40] . В 2019 году планируется завершить реконструкцию линии на участке перевала, благодаря чему время поездки на полном маршруте сократится на один час и составит менее четырёх часов ^[38] .

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