TM-1-14 (from a sea-type transporter of 1 caliber of 14 inches ) is a Soviet super-heavy railway artillery system designed to solve coastal defense problems based on a 356-mm gun from the Izmail battlecruiser .
| 356 mm railway artillery mount TM-1-14 | |
|---|---|
 The artillery installation TM-1-14 when firing from the railway | |
| Type of | Heavy Rail Artillery System |
| Service history | |
| In service |  the USSR |
| Wars and conflicts | The Second World War |
| Production history | |
| Constructor | Central Design Bureau of Shipbuilding No. 3 (TsKBS-3) under the direction of A.G. Dukelsky |
| Manufacturer | Leningrad Metal Plant Leningrad Kirov Plant |
| Specifications | |
| Weight, kg | 412,000 |
| Barrel length, mm | 52 caliber |
| Caliber , mm | 355.6 |
| Elevation angle | + 50 ° |
| starting speed projectile, m / s | 732 |
| Maximum range, m | 31,000 |
Content
Creation History
The initiative to create a tool belongs to A.G. Dukelsky, who turned to the Navy’s Artillery Directorate with a proposal to use 14-inch naval guns and swinging parts from tower installations to create mobile coastal defense batteries. By the time design began, there were 16 cannons in storage, originally intended for four Izmail- class battlecruisers laid down in St. Petersburg in December 1912.
By March 1931, the technical design of the installation was developed, which received the designation TM-1-14 , in April of the same year the project was approved by the Revolutionary Military Council .
Organizational Structure
The coastal artillery armed with the TM-1-14 installations operated with batteries of 3 guns. In addition to the artillery conveyor, each battery included wagons for power stations, compressor stations, cellar wagons for ammunition, a central carriage wagon, a headquarters wagon, a kitchen carriage, and wagons for personnel.
Fire control was provided by both aiming and central aiming with the help of a missile control system, which made it possible to efficiently hit visible and invisible targets that could move at speeds up to 60 knots (110 km / h).
The personnel of the battery is 331 people, including 16 commanders.
Combat use
At the beginning of World War II, the USSR Navy had two three-gun batteries: number 6 in the Far East and number 11 on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland as part of the 1st Guards Naval Railway Artillery Brigade . Throughout the war, the 6th battery did not take direct part in hostilities, while the 11th battery was actively used in the defense of Leningrad , waging counter-battery battles and shelling areas where the Nazi forces were concentrated.
All six railway installations were withdrawn from service in 1952.
Notes
Literature
- Shirokorad A. Time of the big guns. The battle for Leningrad and Sevastopol. - M .: ACT, 2010 - S. 603. - ISBN 978-5-17-060576-7