Fish and cyclostomes of Ukraine - a list of the species of ray-finned fish and lamprey that were recorded in Ukraine [~ 1] .
The rudd is one of the most widely distributed freshwater fish species in the country.
Species diversity
Topographic Map of Ukraine
The ichthyofauna of Ukraine is characterized by high diversity. Its representatives inhabit the Black and Azov seas, numerous rivers, lakes, streams, as well as man-made ponds, canals, etc. The country's ichthyofauna includes freshwater , marine, brackish-water species, 15 migratory species, among which 13 are anadromous and only one species ( river eel ) is catadromous [1] .
According to the survey monograph “Ribi of Ukraine” (Movchan, 2011), the ichthyofauna of Ukraine consisted of 249 species [1] , both native and introduced . However, since its publication on the territory of the country, primarily in the Black Sea [2] , the presence of another 15 species of fish has been confirmed. Thus, according to scientific literature publications, the ichthyofauna of Ukraine for 2019 includes at least 262 species, including 3 species of cartilaginous , 257 species of ray-finned fish and 2 species of cyclostomes .
The composition of the country's ichthyofauna includes 25 induced and invasive species that became part of it as a result of deliberate importation with the purpose of cultivation in pond farms , and as a result of accidental and deliberate releases into the wild [3] . Introduction and acclimatization works with fish from the river basins of the Far East, China and North America in the reservoirs of Ukraine have been repeatedly conducted since the middle of the 20th century [4] .
View list
This list unites taxa of the species level, which were registered on the territory of Ukraine and were cited for it by researchers in literary publications. The list consists of Russian names, binomenes (two-word names consisting of a combination of the genus name and the name of the species) and the name of the scientist who first described this taxon and the year in which it occurred. In the fourth column of the table, for each species, a brief information is given on its distribution in Ukraine on the basis of the monograph “Ribi Ukrainy” (Movchan, 2011) [1] , unless other sources are indicated.
The systematics and order of classes, orders and families are given according to Nelson et al., 2016 [5] . Russian-language species names are listed in alphabetical order.
Designations of the protection status of IUCN :
- - endangered species (in critical condition)
- - endangered species
- - vulnerable species
- - species close to vulnerable position
- - species under threat
- - species extinct in the wild
- - species for which there is not enough data to assess the threat
- - species not presented in the International Red Book
Legend: Types of protected in Ukraine and included in the third edition of the Red Book of Ukraine (2009) [6] Species introduced in Ukraine, as well as invasive species “Accidental” species (not characteristic of certain communities, which are not constantly found on this territory and are known from single finds) in the territory of Ukraine
| Illustration | Russian name | Latin name and author of taxon | Area on the territory of Ukraine Systematic Notes | IUCN Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classy Lamprey (Petromyzontida) | |||||
| Order Minomoobraznye (Petromyzontiformes) | |||||
| Family of Minnow (Petromyzontidae) | |||||
| Hungarian lamprey | Eudontomyzon danfordi Regan , 1911 | Endemic of the Tisza and Timis river basins (left tributaries of the Danube). Freshwater bottom lamprey, which lives in clean, well-saturated with oxygen, fast streams and streams of the foothill and mountain zones at an altitude of more than 250 m above sea level [7] . | |||
| Ukrainian lamprey | Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg, 1931) | The species was noted in the basins of the Seversky Donets , the Dnieper , the Southern Bug , the Dniester , the Prut and the Seret (mainly in the additional system of these rivers) and in the lower reaches of the Danube . Freshwater Bottom Lamprey. Inhabits rivers and streams of the mountain and foothill zones, as well as in lowland rivers (occurs at an altitude of 24 to 835 m above sea level). It dwells in clean, well-saturated with oxygen , with a rapid flow and stony, stony-sandy, dense sandy or clayey ground sites. Larvae prefer sites with a slow current and a well-silted, predominantly sandy bottom [8] . | |||
| Class Cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) | |||||
| Squaliformes | |||||
| Family of Katranov sharks (Squalidae) | |||||
| Katran | Squalus acanthias Linnaeus , 1758 | The Black Sea katran is a subspecies ( Squalus acanthias ponticus Myagkov et Kondyurin , 1986 ). It is found along the entire Black Sea coast of the country from Snake Island and the mouth of the Danube to the Kerch Strait , but it is more common off the coast of Crimea . Sometimes found in the open sea. Rarely enters the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov . It lives in coastal waters at a depth of 120 m [9] , but is also found far from the coast over great depths [10] . | |||
| Squad detachment (Rajiformes) | |||||
| Family of Rhombus rays (Rajidae) | |||||
| Sea fox | Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 | It is found along the entire Black Sea coast, often off the coast of the Crimea, and occasionally in the northwestern part of the Sea of Azov, in particular, in 2003, one specimen was caught in Obitochny Gulf of the Zaporozhye region . A typical sea bottom fish that lives at depths of up to 100 m and is characterized by seasonal migrations: in warm weather it approaches the coast, and when it cools, it migrates to depth. In the Crimea, it is observed on all the Black Sea shores, but usually avoids warmed shallow waters [11] [12] . | |||
| Tailbird detachment (Myliobatiformes) | |||||
| Stingray Family (Dasyatidae) | |||||
| Catfish | Dasyatis pastinaca Linnaeus, 1758 | It lives along the entire Black Sea coast, in the Kerch Strait, less often - in the Sea of Azov. Typical sea bottom fish. It occurs in coastal waters with a sandy or oozy bottom at a depth of 50–70 m [13] . | |||
| Class of Radish Fish (Actinopterygii) | |||||
| Order Sturgeon (Acipenseriformes) | |||||
| Family Sturgeon (Acipenseridae) | |||||
| Atlantic sturgeon | Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 | A walk-through bottom fish that constantly lives in the sea, and for breeding enters rivers. In Ukraine, it was extremely rare earlier, by single individuals, it was noted in the Black Sea off the coast of the southern Crimea ( Karkinitsky Bay near the Churyum Spit), as well as at the mouth of the Danube. Has not been caught in catches since the 1960s [14] . | |||
| Beluga | Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) | Bottom-pelagic fish, which constantly lives in the sea, and comes to rivers for spawning. It is found in the northwestern part of the Azov Sea, off the coast of the Crimea and in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. Now almost does not occur in the Dnieper (previously rose above Kiev ), the Dnieper-Bug and Dniester estuaries , in the Uderm Bug and the Dniester (previously rose in the Dniester to Staraya Ushitsa), has become very small in other places. In the first half of the 20th century, it was a commercial fish almost on the whole sea coast [15] . | |||
| Russian sturgeon | Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt , 1833 | A walk-through bottom fish that lives in the sea all the time, and comes in rivers for breeding. Spawning migrations twice a year. It is found in the northwestern part of the Azov Sea, off the coast of the Crimea and in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, from where it now enters the Danube in small numbers, occasionally by isolated individuals in the Dniester and the Dnieper and in fact no longer belongs to the Southern Bug , Seversky Donets and the rivers Northern Azov . In winter, they are concentrated at great depths in the area of the Tarkhankut peninsula, and earlier also on the southern coast of Crimea [16] . | |||
| Stellate sturgeon | Acipenser stellatus Pallas , 1771 | Bottom fish through passage. It is distributed along the northern shores of the Azov Sea, along the Crimean Peninsula and in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, from where it now comes in small quantities into the Danube, occasionally in single instances into the Dniester and the Dnieper and practically does not enter the Southern Bug and the rivers of the Northern Azov Sea [17] . | |||
| Sterlet | Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 | Typically freshwater bottom fish. In Ukraine, the species was previously encountered in the native channel and in large tributaries of all major rivers. Now, in a small amount, it is preserved only in the lower reaches of the Danube, in the basin of the middle and upper Dniester, and very rarely occurs in the basin of the Dnieper, in particular, in the basin of the Dnieper reservoir [18] . | |||
| Spike | Acipenser nudiventris Lovetzky , 1828 | Bottom fish passing through, constantly lives in the sea, and goes to rivers for spawning. The species is common in the basins of the Black and Azov seas . Solitary specimens were previously noted in the Black Sea near Sudak and Karadag, in the Karkinitsky Bay , near the island of Dzharylgach , and were also known from the Dniester and from the sea waters near the estuaries of the Dnieper and Danube. In the first half of the 20th century, solitary individuals were encountered, but have not been seen in catches since the 1960s [19] . | |||
| Hop family (Polyodontidae) | |||||
| Paddlefish | Polyodon spathula ( Walbaum , 1792) | Freshwater pelagic fish. Introduced view . It was introduced to Ukraine in 1974. It is cultivated in pond farms in Odessa , Cherkassy , Sumy and other regions [20] . | |||
| Order Acneform (Anguilliformes) | |||||
| Family Ugryovye (Anguillidae) | |||||
| River eel | Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) | Typical fish through passage . The European eel spends most of its life in fresh water, and goes to sea to spawn. In Ukraine, occasionally, in single specimens, it occurs along the Black coast (more often in areas adjacent to the mouth of the Danube, Dniester and Dnieper-Bug estuaries, less often off the coast of the Crimea) and the Azov seas and in the basins of their rivers, it falls into the Shatsk lakes . In the spring of 2002, for the first time for Crimea, it was noted in the lower part of the Kacha River [21] . | |||
| Family Congerovye (Congridae) | |||||
| Conger | Conger conger Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea bottom fish. In Ukraine, a meeting species that was noted only once on the southern coast of the Crimea in the 19th century [22] . | |||
| Herringbone Order (Clupeiformes) | |||||
| Anchovy family (Engraulidae) | |||||
| Anchovy | Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea schooling coastal- pelagic fish. The species is distributed mainly in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (from the Danube to Evpatoria ) and in the Sea of Azov, less commonly found along the Crimean shores in the Kerch Strait. It winters off the coast of the Crimea and in the eastern part of the Black Sea (off the coast of Georgia ), from where it comes to spawn and feeding in the Sea of Azov, in the western and eastern parts of the Black Sea [22] . | |||
| Herring Family (Clupeidae) | |||||
| Azov Puzanka | Alosa tanaica ( Grimm , 1901) | Pelagic schooling migratory fish living in the sea, and for reproduction comes in fresh water. In Ukrainian waters, it is confined to the northwestern part of the Black Sea from the Danube to the Dnieper; Kerch Strait, in the Kerch Strait, along the northern coast of the Azov Sea, in Sivash and Utlyuk estuary . | |||
| European sardine | Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) | Marine schooling pelagic fish. It is very rarely found near the Crimean coast ( Sevastopol , Karadag), which is connected, apparently, with a low salinity of water. Earlier, the species was also noted in the northwestern part of the Black Sea ( Cape Burnas region , near Kryzhanovka and Sychavka). | |||
| European sprat | Sprattus phalericus ( Risso , 1827) | Previously considered as a subspecies of Sprattus sprattus phalericus . Marine schooling pelagic fish. Occurs along the Black Sea coast from the Danube to the southern coast of Crimea ( Yalta ), in some years it reaches the Kerch Strait, through which it enters the southern part of the Sea of Azov. | |||
| Round sardine | Sardinella aurita Valenciennes , 1847 | Marine schooling pelagic fish. It is very rare, almost by accident. In particular, it was noted at the Black Sea coast of Crimea: in 1981, at Karadag; in 1998 in Balaklava Bay ; in 2008 at the exit from Streletskaya bay near Sevastopol . | |||
| Black Sea-Azov Sea Herring | Alosa maeotica ( Grimm , 1901) | Marine schooling fish, leads a pelagic lifestyle. The species is known in the northwestern part of the Black Sea from the mouth of the Danube to the Dniester and Berezansky estuaries , near Tendra, along the coast of the Crimea, in the Kerch Strait, in the western and northwestern parts of the Azov Sea, noted in the Sivash and Utluk estuary. | |||
| Black Sea-Azov common herring | Alosa immaculata Bennett , 1835 | Passing school fish. It is known in the northwestern part of the Black Sea from the Danube to the Dnieper (in the latter it formed a living form in the Kakhovsky and Dneprovsky reservoirs), in the area of Tendra, Dzharylgachsky and Karkinitsky (Churyumskaya Spit - Yevpatoria) bays and further along the coast of Crimea, in the Kerch Strait and the northern part of the Azov Sea, was noted in the Eastern Sivash and in the Utlyuk estuary [23] . | |||
| Black Sea-Caspian sprat | Clupeonella cultriventris ( Nordmann , 1840) | In the Black Sea, it is predominantly located in desalinated pre-estuary areas and in desalinated estuaries, mainly in the northwestern part from the Danube to the Dnieper, is occasionally observed off the coast of the Crimea, in the Sea of Azov it is distributed throughout the entire water area. Residential form has become widespread in all the reservoirs of the Dnieper. | |||
| Fint | Alosa fallax Lacépède , 1803 | Pelagic schooling fish In the Ukrainian waters it is found, apparently, by chance - it was marked only once in the Kerch Strait in 1924. | |||
| Order Carps (Cypriniformes) | |||||
| Carp family (Cyprinidae) | |||||
| Azov Shem | Alburnus leobergi Freyhof & Kottelat , 2007 | Semi-passage schooling pelagic-bottom fish, which can withstand different salinity of water . The species is distributed in the northern and northwestern parts of the Azov Sea (including the Molochny and others in the estuaries), from where it enters the rivers of the North Azov Sea (Byrd, Obitochnaya, etc.). Now the species has almost disappeared in the basin of the Seversky Donets River (occasionally it comes from the Tsimlyansky reservoir , where a freshwater population has formed). The species became very small in the Sea of Azov [24] . | |||
| Amur Chebak | Pseudorasbora parva ( Temminck et Schlegel , 1846) | Freshwater fish. Introduced view . Introduced to Ukraine in the 1960s. The species naturalized and became part of the local ichthyofauna of the basins of the Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug, Dnieper, rivers of the Northern Azov region, the waters of the Crimea and many closed reservoirs where pond fish are grown [25] . | |||
| White Eye | Ballerus sapa (Pallas, 1814) | Freshwater schooling bottom river fish. The species is distributed in almost all major rivers and their major tributaries. Absent in the Crimea, disappeared in the Seversky Donets [26] . | |||
| Whitefin gudgeon | Romanogobio vladykovi ( Fang , 1943) | Freshwater fish. It is found in the Danube basin, in particular, noted in the Tisza and Prut basins [27] . | |||
| Whitefin gudgeon Antipas | Romanogobio antipai Bănărescu , 1953 | Freshwater fish. Marked only once in the lower reaches of the Danube ( Odessa region , Kiliya region , Danube river, April 1961, 2 individuals). Over the past 50 years, information on new finds is missing [28] . | |||
| White amur | Ctenopharyngodon ide Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844 | Freshwater fish. Introduced view . Introduced to Ukraine in the 1950s. The number in the country is maintained by artificial breeding (natural spawning is not marked) [29] . | |||
| Silver Carp | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) | Freshwater river fish. Introduced view . Introduced to Ukraine in the early 1950s. Grown in various inland waters. To obtain offspring with artificial breeding, pituitary injections are used, since there are no conditions for natural spawning of this fish in the country's water bodies [25] . | |||
| Picture bobca | Bobyrets | Leuciscus borysthenicus ( Kessler , 1859) | Freshwater river fish. Distributed in the basins of the lower reaches of the Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug, Dnieper, it was noted in the Dniester and Dnieper-Bug estuaries. It dwells in the middle reaches of the Southern Bug, in the middle basin (the Irpen , Teterev , Ros , Trubezh , etc.) and the upper reaches of the Dnieper, as well as in the lower reaches of the rivers of the northern coast of the Azov Sea ( Lozovata , Obitochnaya, Byrd, etc.) [30 ] . | ||
| Bystryanka ordinary | Alburnoides bipunctatus ( Bloch , 1782) | Freshwater schooling pelagic fish that lives exclusively on areas with a rapid flow and clean, saturated with oxygen, water. It is found in the rivers of Transcarpathia (the Tisza basin), Bukovina (the Prut and Siret basins) and very rarely in the lower reaches of the Danube [31] . | |||
| Drawing Podust Volga | Volzhsky Podust | Chondrostoma variabile Yakovlev , 1870 | Freshwater schooling bottom living fish. It is found only in the basin of the Seversky Donets. Over the past decades, their numbers have declined sharply everywhere, in many parts of the river the species has completely disappeared [32] . | ||
| Carp | Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) | Semi-passing schooling bottom fish. Previously met in the northwestern estuaries of the Black Sea and in the Azov Sea, went to the Dniester (in the upper reaches), the Southern Bug (in Pervomaisk), the Dnieper (in Belarus and above, up to Smolensk ), Seversky Donets, Chitney , Byrd and perhaps in the lower reaches of the Danube (for the last 35-40 years it was not observed here), and also impassable residential populations in the Ros and Oskol rivers were known. Only a very few living population on the upper Dniester is preserved and single specimens are found in the left tributaries of the lower part of the middle Seversky Donets river and, apparently, in the Sea of Azov [33] . | |||
| Chub | Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater river fish live. It is found in the basins of all major rivers, mainly in their additional systems, in many indigenous and floodplain lakes, previously the species was noted in the Dnieper-Bug estuary [34] . | |||
| Gustera | Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater schooling bottom river living fish low-flowing water. It is found in almost all rivers, their additional systems, reservoirs, floodplain lakes, on the plains of mountain rivers. Absent in Crimea [35] . | |||
| Dnieper barbel | Barbus borysthenicus (Dybowski, 1862 | Freshwater fish. The view is now distributed only in the basins of the additional system of the Dnieper and in the Eastern Bug. Previously, it was a common, sometimes commercial fish. Now occasionally isolated individuals are found in the upper reaches of the Dnieper, sporadically in the tributaries of the Dnieper: in Teterev, Sluchai and in some places on the rapids of the middle course of the Southern Bug [36] . | |||
| Dniester white minnow | Romanogobio kesslerii (Dybowski, 1862) | Freshwater fish. It is found in the Danube basins, in particular, noted in the Tisza basin in Transcarpathia, in Prut and Siret in Bukovina, and in the Dniester (in the upper course of the root bed, in Stryvyazhi , Lukva , Streep , Lomnitsa , Zbruche , etc.) [28] . | |||
| Photo of the Dniester Minnow | Dniester minnow | Gobio sarmaticus Berg , 1949 | Freshwater fish. It occurs only in the Dniester River basin, in particular in the upper and middle reaches, more often in the additional system. In the lower Dniester was not observed [37] . | ||
| Photo of Don White Minnow | Don Whitefin Gudgeon | Romanogobio tanaiticus Naseka , 2001 | Freshwater fish. It is found in the basin of the Seversky Donets (noted both in the native channel and in the tributaries of the Lugani and Aidar ) [38] . | ||
| Photo of short-minced minnow | Don Gudgeon | Gobio brevicirris Fowler , 1976 | Freshwater fish. Occurs in the Seversky Donets and its tributaries, as well as in the rivers of the Northern Azov region. The area requires clarification [39] . | ||
| Danube minnow | Romanogobio uranoscopus ( Agassiz , 1828) | Freshwater fish. Single individuals were noted in the Tisza and in its basin — the Rica , Borzhava , Teresva , Tereblya , Shopurka , Latoritsa , Uzh (Transcarpathian), etc. rivers and in Siret (Bucovina) [40] . | |||
| Golden crucian | Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater fish. The species is distributed mainly in closed natural and artificial reservoirs in lakes, reservoirs, ponds, flooded quarries, etc., in the basins of all major rivers, less in the rivers themselves. Acclimatized in the reservoirs of the Crimea [41] . | |||
| Elets Andruga | Telestes souffia (Risso, 1827) | Freshwater river fish. It is found only in Transcarpathia , where it occurs mainly in the middle and lower halves of the lower course of Uzh, Latoritsa , Borzhava , in the Tereblya , Teresva , Shopurka , Tisa rivers , and also in the Tereblya reservoir . Numerous species in the rivers of the eastern part of the region [42] . | |||
| Photo danits Danilevsky | Elets Danilevsky | Leuciscus danilewskii (Kessler, 1877) | Freshwater river school bottom fish. It is distributed only in the native bed of the Severosky Donets River and some of its, mainly left-bank tributaries [34] . | ||
| Elets ordinary | Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus, 1758) | It is common in almost all major rivers and their systems, as well as in flowing lakes and in the Dnieper reservoirs, previously met in the Dnieper-Bug estuary. Absent in Crimea [43] . | |||
| Zhereh | Aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater fish. The species is distributed in the basins of all major rivers, in large lakes, reservoirs, and in the mouths of brackish areas. Absent in Crimea [44] . | |||
| Carp | Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater fish. Distributed in the basins of all major rivers, lakes and reservoirs. The source region for the distribution of wild carp forms, according to some researchers, is the Danube River Basin [45] . | |||
| Carpathian minnow | Gobio carpathicus Vladykov , 1925 | Freshwater fish. It occurs mainly in the basins of the Tisza River (Transcarpathia), Siret, Prut (Bukovina), less frequently in the lower reaches of the Danube, including in China Lake [46] . | |||
| Chinese carp | Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater fish. In Europe, the species was introduced in the XVI century , and from there came to Ukraine. Occasionally cultivated in park waters, more often - in aquariums . Valuable object of applied ornamental fish farming [47] . | |||
| Rudd | Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater inhabited schooling bottom, mostly lake fish. It is found in almost all freshwater bodies, in some places also in brackish estuaries. It is absent in the mountainous areas of the rivers of the western regions of the country [48] . | |||
| Photo by speedy Crimean | Crimean swift woman | Alburnoides maculatus (Kessler, 1859) | Freshwater schooling bottom living fish of mountain rivers and reservoirs on these rivers. It is found only in the Crimea, in particular, in the rivers Black , Belbek , Kacha , Alma , Salgir , and in the reservoirs of the peninsula - Bakhchisarai, Alma, Taigan and others [49] . | ||
| Photo of Crimean Shemai | Crimean shemy | Alburnus mentoides Kessler, 1859 | Freshwater fish. It occurs in the rivers of the Crimea (Chernaya, Kache, Belbek, Alma, probably disappeared in Salgir and Biyuk-Karasu ) [50] . | ||
| Photo of the Crimean minnow | Crimean minnow | Gobio krymensis Banarescu & Nalbant , 1973 | Freshwater fish. Crimean endemic. It is found in the Crimean rivers Alma , Kacha, Salgir, Burulcha , Biyuk-Karasu and others, in reservoirs (Alminsky, Bakhchsarai, Simferopol and others), as well as in ponds [51] . | ||
| Photo of the Crimean barbel | Crimean barbel | Barbus tauricus Kessler, 1877 | Freshwater fish. Crimean endemic , the number of which has decreased dramatically, especially in rivers. It is distributed in the middle reaches of the Alma, Kacha, Ayan , Belbek, Black, Salgir , Uchan-Su rivers. The species has acclimatized in the reservoirs - Bakhchsarai, Alminsk, Simferopol, Ayan and others [52] . | ||
| Kutum | Rutilus kutum ( Kamensky , 1901) | Halfway schooling bottom fish. Kutum is home to the Caspian Sea , from where it was introduced into the Sea of Azov, where it naturalized and became part of the ichthyofauna of this body of water, but in the last 35-40 years it has not been caught in catches. Earlier, the species was noted off the northern shores of the Azov Sea (acclimatization started in 1957-1958), including in the Molochny Liman [53] . | |||
| Bream | Abramis brama Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater schooling bottom fish. The species is distributed in the basins of almost all rivers, in the indigenous and zapalavny lakes, in reservoirs, estuaries and desalinated areas of the northwestern part of the Black and northern parts of the Azov Sea. In the fifties of the XX century. acclimatized in the Crimea, in particular in the Simferopol, Belogorsk, Alma, Chernorechensk and Bakhchsarai reservoirs [54] . | |||
| Tench | Tinca tinca Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater fish. It is found in almost all river basins, mainly in their additional systems, in lakes. Brought into some reservoirs of Crimea [55] . | |||
| Small fish | Vimba tenella (Nordmann, 1840) | In Ukraine, the species was previously known only from the rivers of the Crimea (Salgir, Chernaya and Biyuk-Karasu) [56] . | |||
| Common roach | Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater lake-river schooling fish. It is found in the basins of all rivers, in lakes, reservoirs, etc., as well as in the brackish waters of the estuaries of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, the northern part of the Azov Sea, and directly in the Sea of Azov. View acclimatized in the reservoirs of the Crimea, and also came to some of the rivers of the Crimea, along with the Dnieper water. The roach of brackish waters and the lower reaches of large rivers, which is also called ram, is the ecological form of this species. Previously, it was considered as a separate subspecies. It is found along the coast and in the Azov Sea itself, as well as in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, particularly in the desalinated areas from the Dnieper-Bug estuary to the mouth of the Danube [57] . | |||
| Common minnow | Phoxinus phoxinus Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater schooling bottom living fish that live mainly in mountain-type water bodies with clean, well-saturated with oxygen, cool water. The species is distributed in the basins of mountain rivers and reservoirs of Transcarpathia, Bukovina (foothill and mountainous areas of the Dniester and Prut), in the Crimea (the Salgir, Burulcha, Biyuk-Karasu rivers, etc., Simferopol , Taigan , Belogorsk reservoirs), and is also known in the Dnieper basin (the Teterev, Uzh rivers) and in Volyn (small streams in the Shatsky lakes region), recently discovered in the Seversky Donets basin ( Bolshaya Kamenka , etc.) and on the Donetsk ridge (headwaters of the Mius River) [58] . | |||
| Common Gorchak | Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776) | Freshwater schooling fish. It is found in the basins of all major rivers, in reservoirs, lakes. It is absent in the Crimea and in mountain rivers [59] . | |||
| Common Minnow | Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater fish. It is found in the basins of the Western and Southern Bug and the Dnieper [60] . | |||
| Common Podust | Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater schooling bottom fish. It is found in almost all well-flowing reservoirs from the lower Danube and the rivers of Transcarpathia to the Dnieper basin, inclusive [61] . | |||
| Common barbel | Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater fish. It is found in the basin and the lower reaches of the Danube, the Tisza, Prut and Sereta basins, as well as in the Dniester and Vistula basins [62] . | |||
| Lake minnow | Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas, 1814) | It is known from the basins of the Upper and Middle Dnieper, in particular in the basins of the upper course of Pripyat , Desna , Ostra, Trubezh , Vorskla , Supoya , Sozh , Stokhod , Zdvizh , and also from the already disappeared lakes of Kiev's surroundings. In 2004, it was noted in the basin of the Seversky Donets (Lake Borovoe) [63] . | |||
| Pannon roach | Rutilus virgo ( Heckel , 1852) | Freshwater river fish. In Ukraine, can occur in Transcarpathia . The first documented finding of a species on the territory of the country dates back to August 2010, when 1 copy of this species was caught in the left arm of the Tisza River in the vicinity of the village of Petrovo, Vinogradovsky District, Transcarpathian Region [64] [65] [33] . | |||
| Photo of minnows Delumure | Minnow Delyamure | Gobio delyamurei Freyhof & Naseka, 2005 | Freshwater fish. Crimean endemic. It is found on the flat part of the Black River [66] . | ||
| Bighead carp | Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ( Richardson , 1845) | Freshwater fish. Introduced view . Introduced to Ukraine in the early 1950s. Grown in various inland waters. To obtain offspring during artificial breeding, pituitary injections are used, since there are no conditions for natural spawning of this fish in the country's water bodies [67] . | |||
| Romanian barbel | Barbus petenyi Heckel , 1852 | It is a freshwater bottom-pelagic fish. It is found in the Tisza basin, in the upper reaches of the Prut and the Seret, as well as in the basin of the upper Dniester [68] . | |||
| Russian fast | Alburnoides rossicus Berg, 1924 | Freshwater schooling pelagic bottom fish, which lives only in rivers, in areas with moderate or fast current and clean, saturated with oxygen, water. The species is known from the basins of the Dniester, the Southern Bug, the Dnieper, the Seversky Donets, the rivers of the Northern Azov Sea (Obitochnaya, Byrd) [49] . | |||
| Rybets | Vimba vimba Linnaeus, 1758 | Semi-passing schooling bottom fish. It is found in the basins of all major rivers and in the brackish estuaries of the northwestern part of the Black Sea and in the northern part of the Azov Sea (the most numerous in the lower reaches of the Danube, the Dniester, the Southern Bug and the Dnieper). Residential forms are known in the basin of the upper Dniester, in some tributaries of the Dnieper ( Sluch , Ros), in its reservoirs and in the Seversky Donets [69] . | |||
| Goldfish | Carassius gibelio ( Bloch , 1782) | Freshwater fish. An introduced species that was introduced to Europe and at the beginning of the 20th century. into the ponds of Lviv and Vinnytsia regions. Later, it was repeatedly imported to Ukraine from Russia and other neighboring countries. Now it is found in the basins of almost all major rivers, in large lakes, reservoirs. Numerous fish in the lower reaches of the Danube, Dniester, Dnieper, Southern Bug. Acclimatized in the reservoirs and ponds of the Crimea [70] . | |||
| Cyanets | Ballerus ballerus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater schooling fish. The species is distributed in the basins of all major rivers and in many flowing lakes. Delivered for acclimatization in the Crimea ( Simferopol reservoir ) [71] . | |||
| Bleak | Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater schooling pelagic living fish that lives in a wide variety of biotopes. It is found in the basins of almost all rivers, in lakes, reservoirs, ponds, goes into the brackish waters of estuaries, is on the plains of mountain rivers, along with the Dnieper water fell into some reservoirs of the Crimea [72] . | |||
| Photo of a barbarian Valetsky | Usach Walecki | Barbus waleckii Rolik , 1970 | Freshwater fish. In Ukraine, this fish was first officially registered in 2003, although it was encountered earlier (in the collection collections of the National Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, dated 1974 and 1976). It occurs only in the basin of the upper Dniester within the Lviv region and in some of its tributaries [73] . | ||
| Chehon | Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater schooling pelagic-bottom river living fish. Distributed in the basins of all major rivers, previously encountered in the estuarine and estuarine desalinated areas and estuaries of the northwestern part of the Black and Northern Azov seas. Absent in Crimea [74] . | |||
| Black Sea Shem | Alburnus sarmaticus Freyhof & Kottelat, 2007 | Semi-passage schooling pelagic-bottom fish, which can withstand different salinity of water. The species is known from the rivers of the northwestern part of the Black Sea (from the Danube to the Dnieper), desalinated mouth areas of the sea and desalinated estuaries. Now the species has practically disappeared in the basins of the Danube and the Dniester, has become very small in the lower reaches of the Southern Bug and the Dnieper [75] . | |||
| Black cupid | Mylopharyngodon piceus ( Richardson , 1846) | Freshwater fish. Introduced view . Introduced to Ukraine in the 1950s. The number on the territory of the country is maintained by artificial breeding (natural spawning is not marked) [76] . | |||
| Ide | Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater fish, however, can live in brackish water. It is found in the basins of almost all rivers, in large lakes and reservoirs, occasionally observed in estuaries. Absent in Crimea [77] . | |||
| Family Chukuchanovye (Catostomidae) | |||||
| Big Buffalo | Ictiobus cyprinellus ( Rafinesque , 1819) | Freshwater pelagic bottom fish; An introduced species that was introduced from North America . Valuable commercial fish. The object of pond farming and pasture cultivation in cooling reservoirs of a power plant , a nuclear power plant , etc. [78] . | |||
| Small Buffalo | Ictiobus bubalus (Rafinesque, 1818) | Freshwater pelagic bottom fish. An introduced species that was introduced from North America . The rare object of pond farming in Ukraine [79] . | |||
| Black buffalo | Ictiobus niger (Rafinesque, 1819) | Freshwater pelagic bottom fish. An introduced species that was introduced from North America . The object of pond farming and pasture cultivation in cooling reservoirs of a power plant , a nuclear power plant , etc. [80] . | |||
| Family of Viunovye (Cobitidae) | |||||
| Azov pinching | Cobitis tanaitica Bacescu & Mayer , 1969 | Freshwater fish. The species is distributed in the lower part of the Danube and Dniester basins, as well as in the Southern Bug and the Dnieper [81] . | |||
| Photo of the Baltic golden pinch | Baltic pinching | Sabanejewia baltica ( Witkowski , 1994) | Freshwater fish. The species is found in the basins of the Western Bug, the Dniester, the Dnieper, and the Seversky Donets (possibly also in the Southern Bug), where it was occasionally observed both in the native channel and mainly in the tributaries. The distribution of the species requires clarification [82] . | ||
| Bulgarian pinching | Sabanejewia bulgarica ( Drensky , 1928) | Freshwater fish. The species is found in the Danube basin, in particular in its lower reaches, in the Prut, Siret and Tisza basins. Distribution requires clarification [83] . | |||
| Photos of the Danube pinch | Danube plucking | Cobitis elongatoides Bacescu & Mayer , 1969 | Freshwater fish. Distributed in the Danube basin [84] . | ||
| Crimean pinching | Cobitis taurica (Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová, 2005) | Freshwater fish. Initially, the view is described from the Black River in the Crimea near Sevastopol . Distributed in the rivers of the Crimea. Later studies of the genetics of European representatives of the genus Cobitis showed the presence of this species in the lower reaches of the Dnieper and the Southern Bug, as well as in their estuaries [85] [86] . | |||
| Common Pinching | Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater fish. It is found in all river basins (except the Danube) mainly in their additional system, in many reservoirs, in clean lakes and ponds. The distribution of the species requires special study [87] . | |||
| Common Loach | Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater fish. It is found in the basins of all major rivers, mainly in their additional system, in lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. Absent in the waters of the Crimea [88] . | |||
| Photos of Siberian plugs | Siberian plucking | Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols , 1925 | Freshwater fish. The species is distributed only in the basin of the Seversky Donets, where it is noted both in the native channel and in the tributaries (the Red River) [89] . | ||
| Family Balitoria (Balitoridae) | |||||
| Mustached loach | Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater river bottom fish, which lives mainly in places with flowing, well aerated water. The species was noted almost everywhere, but was numerous in the northern and western regions. In recent decades, it has practically disappeared in the mainstream of such large rivers as the Southern Bug, the Dnieper, the Seversky Donets [90] . | |||
| Detachment Catfish (Siluriformes) | |||||
| Feline Catfish Family (Ictaluridae) | |||||
| American catfish | Ameiurus nebulosus ( Lesueur , 1819) | Freshwater river fish. Introduced view . Now it is distributed in lakes, canals and ponds of the Shatsk group of lakes in Volyn and in plain floodplain lakes, oxbows, canals and reservoirs of the Latoritsa and Tysa basins, also noted in the rivers Uzh, Borzhavi and other rivers of Transcarpathia. In 2017 found in the Dniester basin [91] [92] . | |||
| Channel catfish | Icalurus punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater river fish. Introduced view . It was introduced to Ukraine in 1972-1973 from the USA ( Arkansas ). Object of cultivation and cultivation in the closed reservoirs of the south of Ukraine and in warm waters of combined heat and power plant , state district power station , nuclear power plant . There are cases of the penetration of this fish into the natural biocenoses of rivers [93] . | |||
| Black catfish | Ameiurus melas Rafinesque, 1820 | Freshwater river fish. Invasive view . In Ukraine, it can be found in the rivers of Transcarpathia [94] [95] . | |||
| Family Som (Siluridae) | |||||
| Common catfish | Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater river fish. He lives in the basins of all major rivers. The most numerous and most often occurs in the lower reaches of the Danube, Dniester and in the Dnieper basin. Not numerous in the western regions, where it occurs on the plains of mountain rivers at an altitude of no more than 400 m above sea level. Absent in Crimea [95] . | |||
| Order Salmoniformes (Salmoniformes) | |||||
| Family Salmon (Salmonidae) | |||||
| American Palia | Salvelinus fontinalis ( Mitchill , 1814) | Freshwater river fish. Introduced view . In the 1960s – 70s, it was repeatedly imported from the former Czechoslovakia to the mountain rivers of the Carpathians. In Ukraine, it was grown mainly in Transcarpathia. There is no information about widespread naturalization in the rivers of the region, but according to 2004 data was recorded in the Turya River (left tributary of the Uzh River) [96] . | |||
| Danube salmon | Hucho hucho (Linnaeus, 1758) | Endemic to the Danube basin. Freshwater river bottom fish. It is distributed in Transcarpathia, in particular in the Tisza basin (middle and lower reaches of Rica, Tereble, Teresva up to a height of 115 m above sea level) and is noted in the Prut basin, ( Putyla , White and Black Cheremosh ) [97] . | |||
| European grayling | Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater river fish. It lives in the Iksa basin (in Rica, Teresva , Terebly, and others), in the mountainous areas of the Dniester and its tributaries [98] . | |||
| Kumzha | Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater river fish. It is found in the basin of the Upper Dniester, in mountain rivers and streams of the Crimea and the Carpathians, noted in mountain lakes ( Synevyr in Transcarpathia) and reservoirs ( Belogorskoye in the Crimea). The object of fish farming [99] . | |||
| Peled photo | Peled | Coregonus peled ( Gmelin , 1788) | Freshwater river fish. Introduced view . The object of fish farming in farm pond farms of the Lviv region [100] . | ||
| Rainbow trout | Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) | Freshwater river fish. It was introduced to Europe, and from there to Ukraine - to the Carpathian rivers at the end of the 19th century, in the Crimea - in 1959. Naturalized in many reservoirs of the Tisza and Dniester basins, as well as in the Crimea [101] . | |||
| Black Sea Kumzha | Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 | A walk-through bottom fish that comes from the sea to spawn in rivers. Solitary specimens are found in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (most often in the area of the Danube estuary), off the coast of the Crimea (more often near Sevastopol, Karadag, Sudak ). Also noted in the Azov Sea [102] . | |||
| Chudskoy whitefish | Coregonus maraenoides (Berg, 1916) | Freshwater fish. Introduced species that became part of the local ichthyofauna. Noted in the lakes Svityaz and Pulemetskoe (perhaps there are others) of the Shatsk group of lakes in Volyn. Distribution requires clarification [103] . | |||
| Order Shukoobraznye (Esociformes) | |||||
| Family Schukovye (Esocidae) | |||||
| Pike | Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater fish. It is found in almost all lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. It is absent in the Crimea and in mountainous parts of rivers [104] . | |||
| Umbrovae family (Umbridae) | |||||
| European evdoshka | Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792 | Freshwater lake bottom fish. Found in the basins of the Danube and Dniester. Numerous species in the lower reaches of the Danube, where it is distributed practically over a larger area of the delta. Lime also in the Tisza basin (Transcarpathia), in particular, was noted near the town of Beregovoe (“Black urine”) and in floodplain lakes near Latoritsa. In the Dniester previously met from the Dniester estuary (in some places and in the very estuary) at a distance of 100 km [105] . | |||
| Order Crusades (Gadiformes) | |||||
| Family Cod (Gadidae) | |||||
| Whiting | Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. It is found from Snake Island and the Danube coast along almost the entire Black Sea coast, in the Kerch Strait and in the south-western part of the Azov Sea. It enters the estuaries, into the desalinated parts of the sea, it was noted in the mouths of large rivers [106] . | |||
| Burbot | Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater fish. It is found mainly in the additional system of large rivers, most often in the basins of the middle and upper Dnieper and Dniester. Virtually disappeared in the lower reaches of the Danube, Dniester, Dnieper, in the Southern Bug, in some places it became very rare on the middle and upper currents of these rivers and the Seversky Donets River. It is absent in the Crimea and in the waters of the Northern Azov Sea [107] . | |||
| Blue whiting | Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) | Sea fish. Random view of the country. In Ukraine, the only known case of catch of this fish in 1999 was an amateur fisherman in the coastal zone of the Black Sea near Cape Aya . Reliably, this fish could have been accidentally imported to the region of Sevastopol along with the ballast waters of a vessel [108] . | |||
| Mediterranean three-eyed burbot | Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea bottom coastal fish. It is found from the Snake Island and the Danube seaside along almost the entire Black Sea coast, but more often off the southern and southeastern coast of Crimea [109] . | |||
| Order Erroneous (Ophidiiformes) | |||||
| Family Erroneous (Ophidiidae) | |||||
| Common mistake | Ophidion rochei Müller , 1845 | Sea fish. It is found in the Black Sea mainly near the coast of the Crimea (from Evpatoria to Feodosiya ), occasionally noted in the northwestern part (the Danube coast, the area of Cape Burnas , the Gulf of Odessa , the Kinburn Spit , the Tendrovsky Bay ) [110] . | |||
| Forcepsy Order (Lophiiformes) | |||||
| Family Udilshchikovye (Lophiidae) | |||||
| European anglerfish | Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. In Ukraine, it was very rare to see single individuals off the coast of the Crimea (Sevastopol, Karadag, Theodosia, the Kerch Strait). I also came across in the northwestern part of the Black Sea ( Odessa region) [111] . | |||
| Order Cephaliform (Mugiliformes) | |||||
| Family Cephalic (Mugilidae) | |||||
| Gubach | Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827) | Sea fish. In Ukraine, it is occasionally celebrated off the coast of the Crimea. It is believed that this fish is a Mediterranean migrant, which enters the Black Sea in spring and summer, and during a cold snap migrates to the Mediterranean Sea . It was first recorded in Balaklava Bay in October 1999 and over the next 10 years it was regularly registered near the southwestern coast of the Crimea between the capes Khersones and Aya [112] [113] . | |||
| Mullet ramada | Chelon ramada (Risso, 1827) | Sea fish that feed in the coastal areas of the sea, entering the bays, lagoons, desalinated mouth waters and estuarine waters of rivers, but breeds in the sea. It was noted off the coast of Crimea (Sevastopol), as well as in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (area of the mouth of the Danube, 1946-1947). In 2006, 1 individual was harvested near Balaklava Bay [114] . | |||
| Loban | Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. It is found in small quantities in almost all the Black Sea-Azov shores, enters the coastal lakes and estuaries, and occasionally in fresh water [115] . | |||
| Ostronos | Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) | Sea bottom-pelagic fish. In Ukraine, it is found in insignificant numbers on almost all the Black Sea-Azov coasts [116] . | |||
| Pilengas | Liza haematocheilus ( Temminck & Schlegel , 1845) | Sea fish. Introduced view . In Ukraine, this species of fish naturalized and became part of the ichthyofauna of the Azov-Black Sea basin. For the first time, it began to be imported to Ukraine in 1970 in the brackish reservoirs of the Prisivashie, in 1972-1978 it was settled in the estuaries of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, but all these attempts were unsuccessful. Since 1978, under conditions of the Molochny Estuary, work was carried out on the creation of broodstock and the development of artificial breeding biotechnologies using pituitary injections, which made it possible to obtain the first progeny under artificial conditions (1984). Later, numerous offspring were released into natural reservoirs. Now this fish is found along almost all shores, including in estuaries, desalinated coastal lakes, etc. of the Black Sea from the Danube to the Kerch Strait, as well as in the Azov Sea basin [117] . | |||
| Singil | Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) | Sea bottom-pelagic fish. It occurs almost along all the Black Sea-Azov shores, enters the coastal lakes and estuaries. Juveniles were noted in the lower reaches of the rivers [118] . | |||
| Atheriform detachment (Atheriniformes) | |||||
| Aterinaceae family (Atherinidae) | |||||
| Korotkorilaya Aterina | Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea pelagic fish. Noted off the coast of Crimea ( Sevastopol - Theodosia and in the Karkinitsky Bay), although its findings in the northwestern part of the Black Sea are not excluded [119] . | |||
| South European Aterina : 1. Brown atherina [~ 2] 2. Black Sea Aterina [~ 3] [121] | Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 : 1. Atherina bonapartii Boulenger , 1907 [~ 2] 2. Atherina pontica Risso, 1810 [~ 3] | Sea pelagic fish.
| |||
| Detachment Sarganobraznye (Beloniformes) | |||||
| Family Adrianichtievye (Adrianichthyidae) | |||||
| Chinese medak | Oryzias sinensis YR Chen , Uwa & XL Chu , 1989 | Freshwater fish. Introduced view . In Ukraine, it was first recorded on June 15, 2003 in the Obitochnaya River ( Zaporizhia region , within the city of Primorsk, 2 individuals) [123] . | |||
| Family Sarganovye (Belonidae) | |||||
| European garfish | Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) | Sea pelagic fish. It is found from the Snake Island and the Danube seaside almost along the entire Black Sea coast, with the exception of the Dnieper-Bug estuary. It is also found in the Kerch Strait and enters the western and northern parts of the Azov Sea [124] . | |||
| Order Cyprinous (Cyprinodontiformes) | |||||
| Family Pecilia (Poeciliidae) | |||||
| Gambruziya Holbruka | Gambusia holbrooki Girard , 1859 | Freshwater fish. Introduced view . In Ukraine, he naturalized and is now found in the Crimea in the Salgir basin, in the Simferopol reservoir, and has been observed in the Yalta region, etc. [125] | |||
| Guppy | Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 | Freshwater fish. Introduced view . A popular object aquarium content, the natural area of which is located in the north of South America . Due to accidental and deliberate releases, this fish has spread in many parts of European water bodies where there are discharges of warm water. Within Kiev, guppies are found in the canal of the Bortnichesky aeration station. This population has been around for at least 35 years [126] . | |||
| Order Solar (Zeiformes) | |||||
| Solar Family (Zeidae) | |||||
| Common Sunflower | Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea pelagic fish. In Ukraine, isolated specimens were occasionally found on the Crimean coast ( Yevpatoria , Sevastopol , Balaklava , Karadag), also noted in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (1956 — Odessa region, Cape Burnas) [127] . | |||
| Needle Detachment (Syngnathiformes) | |||||
| Family Needle (Syngnathidae) | |||||
| Long-finned needlefish | Syngnathus argentatus = Syngnathus typhle (Pallas, 1814) | It is found along the entire coast of the Azov and Black Seas, in bays and estuaries, from where it often approaches the estuaries of rivers [128] . | |||
| Long-nosed seahorse | Hippocampus guttulatus ( Cuvier , 1829) | Sea fish, which lives mainly in the coastal zone of open areas of the sea or in bays, well connected with the open sea. It occurs in different quantities in different years in the western and south-western parts of the Azov Sea, in the Kerch Strait and to the west along the Black Sea coast to the Danube coast and Snake Island, often off the coast of Crimea [129] . | |||
| Italian needle fish | Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1826 | Sea fish of the coastal zone. The most numerous among other sea needles. It is found along all the coasts of the Black and Azov seas, in estuaries, estuaries and estuaries of rivers, from where water bodies and rivers connected to the sea (lower reaches of the Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug), is found in the Dnieper River in all reservoirs, noted in Seversky Donets [130 ] . | |||
| Sea awl | Nerophis ophidion (Linnaeus, 1758) | It is distributed in the northwestern and northern parts of the Azov Sea, in the Kerch Strait and further west along the entire Black Sea coast (mainly confined to shallow water areas with thickets of macrophytes), occasionally noted in the estuarine sections of the Dnieper and Dniester. Maintains high salinity of water ( Sivash ) [131] . | |||
| Common Sea Needle | Syngnathus acus Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish coastal zone. Marked off the coast of Crimea in the upper part of the Sevastopol Bay (the mouth part of the Black River) in 2006 and 2009 [112] [129] . | |||
| Photo of Fat Needle Fish | Bovine Needle Fish | Syngnathus variegatus Pallas, 1814 | Sea fish coastal zone. It occurs mainly near the coast of the Crimea, as well as in the Kerch Strait. It was also noted in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (Snake Island, the Danube coast, Odessa , Tendrovsky , Dzharylgachsky , Karkinitsky Bay and others) [132] . | ||
| Tiny needle fish | Syngnathus tenuirostris Rathke , 1837 | Sea fish coastal zone. It is found in the Kerch Strait, off the coast of the Crimea, in the Karkinitsky, Tendrovsky, Yagorlitsky and Odessa gulfs, noted in the mouth of the Danube and in the Sea of Azov ( Genichesk ) [133] . | |||
| Black Sea Prickly Needle Fish | Syngnathus schmidti Popov, 1927 | Sea fish. Unlike other species, the genus is pelagic - it lives in the open sea, less often in the coastal part. It is found along the Black Sea coast of Crimea and in the northwestern part of the Black Sea ( Tendra Island), a species also noted in the Sea of Azov (opposite the mouth of the Kalmius river) [134] . | |||
| Family Dolgopёrovye (Dactylopteridae) | |||||
| Mediterranean Dolper | Dactylopterus volitans Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea bottom fish of coastal shallow waters. In Ukraine, apparently, a random species, which was caught here once in September 1979 in the Odessa Gulf of the Black Sea. Another individual was found at the end of June 2013 floating on the surface of the water near Sevastopol in the beach area of the Lyubimovka village [112] [135] . | |||
| Order Scorpoobraznye (Scorpaeniformes) | |||||
| Koluskovye family (Gasterosteidae) | |||||
| Small southern stickleback | Pungitius platygaster (Kessler, 1859) | Widely distributed in brackish and desalinated areas of the Black and Azov seas, in particular, in estuaries (Dniester, Dnieper-Bug, Molochny, etc.), in the lower reaches and estuaries of the rivers (Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug, Dnieper, Lozovka, Byrd and etc.), and in fresh waters (Western Bug, Dnieper basin: Pripyat, Goryn, Seim, Supoi, Psel , etc.), as well as in many lakes [136] . | |||
| Three-needle Thistle | Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 | It is widespread in the brackish waters of the Black and Azov seas (including the Sasyk , Dniester, Dnepro-Bug, Utlyuk, Molochny and other limans) and in the lower reaches and near the estuary of the rivers (Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug, Dnieper, Lozovatka, Residential, Berd, etc.), in freshwater bodies of water (in the reservoirs of the Dnieper, in Rosi, Sula, Pele, etc., in the Seversky Donets, Derkul, etc.). Discovered in Crimea in 2002 in Lake Bagayli, Saksky district ) and in the Black River [137] . | |||
| Family Gerbil (Ammodytidae) | |||||
| Naked gerbil | Gymnammodytes cicerelus (Rafinesque, 1810) | Sea fish. It is most often found on the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Karadag), less frequently in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (Snake Island, Odessa, Tendrovsky Island, Dzharylgachsky Bay, etc.) [138] . | |||
| Family of sea dragons (Trachinidae) | |||||
| Great Sea Dragon | Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. The species is noted along almost the entire Black Sea coast from the Danube coast to the northern part of the Kerch Strait, inclusive [139] . | |||
| Stargazing Family (Uranoscopidae) | |||||
| European stargazer | Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. It is found in small numbers along almost the entire Black Sea coast from Snake Island and the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait, more often off the coast of Crimea [140] . | |||
| Family Scorpena (Scorpaenidae) | |||||
| Black Sea Scorpion Ruff | Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea bottom fish. It is found along the entire Black Sea coast, mainly off the coast of the Crimea ( Karkinitsky Bay , Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Yalta, Karadag, Theodosia, etc.). In the northwestern part it is found quite rarely, in particular, it was noted in the areas of Snake Island and the Danube coast, in the Sasyk estuary, in the area of Cape Burnas, in the Odessa, Tendrovsky and Dzharylgachsky bays. The species is noted in the Kerch Strait and in the Sea of Azov ( Kazantip Cape and Biryuchy Island ) [141] . | |||
| Family Triglovye (Triglidae) | |||||
| Gurnard | Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea bottom fish. Occurs along the entire Black Sea coast, where it is most common on the Crimean coast. It was noted in the Danube seaside and Sasyk estuary, near Cape Burnas, in the Gulf of Odessa, visited the Berezansky and Dneprovsko-Bugsky estuaries. Found in Yagorlitsky, Tendrivsky, Dzharylgachsky and Karkinitsky bays and in the Sea of Azov [142] . | |||
| Cottage Runners (Cottidae) | |||||
| Short billed stone | Cottus microstomus Heckel , 1837 | Freshwater groundfish. In Ukraine, it is distributed in the Dniester basin (areas of the upper reaches and, mainly, right-bank tributaries) [143] . | |||
| Sculpin | Cottus gobio Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater fish bottom. Occurs in the Danube basin in Transcarpathia (the basins of the Tisza, Latorita, Uzha, etc.) [144] . | |||
| Spotted Sculpin | Cottus poecilopus Heckel, 1837 | Freshwater groundfish. In Ukraine, the species is distributed in the Dniester basin (sections of the headwaters and, mainly, right-bank tributaries) [145] . | |||
| Order Moroniformes | |||||
| Moronidae family | |||||
| Lavrak | Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. In Ukraine, it is very rare, it was noted in Sevastopol, Karadag and in the Kerch Strait, it was also indicated for the north-western part of the Black Sea ( Tuzla spit region, Tendrovsky bay ) [146] . | |||
| Striped laurel | Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792) | Introduced view . Sea fish. In Ukraine, it was settled from the USA in 1971 in the Dnieper estuary and the lower reaches of the Dnieper for acclimatization in the Azov-Black Sea basin and used as an object of intensive fish rearing. | |||
| Order Perciformes (Perciformes) | |||||
| Stonefish Family (Serranidae) | |||||
| Stone Perch Zebra | Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. In Ukraine, it is occasionally found along the Black Sea coast of Crimea, and has been noted in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (the Gulf of Odessa ) [147] . | |||
| Stone perch-khanos | Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. In Ukraine, the caviar of this fish, descriptions of caviar and larvae are known from Karadag. Distribution requires study [148] . | |||
| Centrch family (Centrarchidae) | |||||
| Sunny Bass | Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater fish. Invasive view. In Europe, was introduced as an aquarium fish. From the ponds where he was bred, hit the river. In Ukraine, this species lives in the Danube reservoirs, in the lower reaches of the Danube (known here since 1918), from where it penetrated the lower reaches of the Dniester and the Dnieper, and goes into the Dnieper-Bug estuary . Noted in the desalinated areas of the Black Sea, in particular in the Danube-Dniester interfluve, in the Gulf of Odessa, in the summit of the Berezansky estuary. It is known in the basin of the lower and middle reaches of the Dnieper, in some of its reservoirs (particularly in the Dnieper), tributaries and ponds. At the end of the XX century appeared in Transcarpathia and the lower reaches of the Southern Bug. Imported into the inland waters of Crimea [149] . | |||
| Family Perch (Percidae) | |||||
| Photo perkariny Azov | Azov Percarina | Percarina maeotica Kuznetsov , 1840 | Brackish-water schooling bottom-pelagic fish Found mainly in the northwestern and northern parts of the Sea of Azov [150] . | ||
| Volzhsky Sudak | Sander volgensis (Gmelin, 1789) | Earlier it was noted in the Sevkr Donets Basin, the lower reaches of the Dnieper, the Southern Bug, the Dniester and the Danube, in the Dnieper-Bug and Dniester limans and in Transcarpathia (Tisza). At the end of the 20th century, it sharply reduced its numbers and range. Now it is found in small quantities in the Kakhovsky and Dneprovsky reservoirs, single specimens in the Dnieper-Bug estuary and, possibly, in the lower reaches of the Danube and in the Tisza [151] . | |||
| Photo ruff Don | Donskoy ruff | Gymnocephalus acerinus (Gmelin, 1774) | Freshwater river fish. It is found in the basins of the Seversky Donets, the Dnieper (mainly in large tributaries - Pripyat, Desna, Pele, Vorskla, etc.), as well as in the Dnieper and Kremenchug reservoirs and the upper Dniester (usually in the right bank tributaries) [152] . | ||
| Ruff | Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater lake-river bottom fish. It is found in the basins of almost all rivers (except mountain areas and reservoirs of the Crimea), in reservoirs and lakes, and is noted in the North-Crimean Canal [153] . | |||
| Ruff Balona | Gymnocephalus baloni Holcík & Hensel , 1974 | Freshwater river fish. Distribution in Ukraine is not exactly understood. It is authentically known from the lower reaches of the Danube and from the Dnieper basin (Desna, Kiev and Kremenchug reservoirs ) [154] . | |||
| Small chop | Zingel streber ( Siebold , 1863) | Freshwater fish. Individual individuals are found only in the Danube basin, in particular, it was noted in the basins of the Tisza (Transcarpathia), Prut (Bucovina) and in the lower reaches of the Danube itself [155] . | |||
| Sea pike perch | Sander marinus ( Cuvier , 1828) | I met only in the Dnieper-Bug estuary, from where I entered the mouth areas of the Dnieper and the Southern Bug. Information about the presence in the Ukrainian waters since the 1960s was absent, which gave reason to talk about his disappearance. However, in 2016, one individual was caught in the Dnieper-Bug estuary [156] [157] . | |||
| Common perch | Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) | Lives in the basins of all major rivers and in their reservoirs, it was noted in many clean lakes, in estuaries and desalinated areas of the Black and Azov seas. The species acclimatized in the reservoirs of the Crimea [158] . | |||
| Common chop | Zingel zingel (Linnaeus, 1766) | Freshwater fish. Found in individuals in the basins of the Tisza (Transcarpathia), Prut (Bucovina), in the lower reaches of the Danube and in the basin of the upper Dniester [159] . | |||
| Perkarina | Percarina demidoffii Nordmann, 1840 | Brackish-water bottom-pelagic fish. It was found in the Dnieper-Bug and Dniester estuaries, was noted in the Berezansky and Tiligulsky limans, in the lower reaches of the Southern Bug, the Dnieper (in the Kakhovsky and Zelenodolsk reservoirs) and the Dniester. At the end of the 20th century, it appeared in the estuaries and estuaries of the Danube [160] . | |||
| Striped ruff | Gymnocephalus schraetser (Linnaeus, 1758) | Freshwater river fish. Occurs in the indigenous channel of the lower Danube and in the Tisza basin (lower, in some places the average flow of rivers in the western part of Transcarpathia) and in the rivers of Bukovina [161] . | |||
| River bass | Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 | Freshwater lake-river fish. It is found almost everywhere, except for mountainous areas of rivers and salt lakes and estuaries. At the end of XX century. together with the Dnieper water penetrated into the waters of the Crimea [162] . | |||
| Family Lufarevye (Pomatomidae) | |||||
| Bluefish | Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) | Sea pelagic fish. It is found from Snake Island and the Danube coast along almost all the Black Sea shores, to the Kerch Strait and sometimes in the adjacent parts of the Sea of Azov. Juveniles were recorded in the desalinated waters of the Danube, in the lower Dniester, in the Dniester and Dnieper-Bug limans [163] . | |||
| The Barabuleva family (Mullidae) | |||||
| Common Sultan | Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. It is found in small quantities from the Snake Island and the Danube coast along the Black Sea coast, often off the coast of the Crimea. In the Azov Sea, it is known near the Crimean shores and the northwestern part, as well as the Sivash [164] . | |||
| Family Bristles (Chaetodontidae) | |||||
| Whitefin Kabuba | Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. In Ukraine - a random view. The only find is known - 1 copy was caught in Balaklava Bay (Crimea) on October 27, 2003 [165] . This exotic Indo-Westpacific species could not independently migrate to the Black Sea [112] and was probably accidentally introduced along with the ship’s ballast waters, or leaked into the sea by aquarists [166] [167] . | |||
| Family Center (Pomacentridae) | |||||
| Chromis | Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. Occurs on the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Balaklava, Sevastopol, Karadag, Theodosius, and others.) [168] . | |||
| Family Serranovye (Serranidae) | |||||
| Toothed grouper | Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes, 1834) | Sea fish. One individual was caught in April 2013 in the coastal zone of the South-Western Crimea in the area of Cape Aya and brought to the demonstration Sevastopol aquarium in a live form [112] . | |||
| Spariformes squad | |||||
| Family Sparids (Sparidae) | |||||
| White Sarg | Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. In Ukraine, it is known by specimen, which was caught in the region of Sevastopol in 1950, but the correctness of determining the type is questionable. Found in emissions on the south coast of the Yagorlytsky Bay in October 2008 [169] [170] . | |||
| Bugs | Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. Marked once at the Crimean coast (Sevastopol-Balaklava district, 2 specimens; caviar was found off the coast of Karadag and up to 8 nautical miles from the coast) [171] . | |||
| Earthmoving atlantic | Lithognathus mormyrus Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. One individual was caught by a commercial bottom trap in the coastal zone of the South-Western Crimea near Cape Aya in June 2013. The second copy was caught there in October 2015 [112] . | |||
| Golden spar | Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. In Ukraine, only a few cases of catching this fish in the Black Sea were known: in 1987, one specimen was in the upper part of the Sevastopol bay near the Crimea, in 1999 at the exit from the Balaklava bay and in the Dnieper-Bug estuary near the village of. Vasilyevka. Now this fish is constantly caught in the Crimean waters near Sevastopol from Cape Khersones to Cape Aya by underwater hunters. In August 2006, an individual was caught in the Sea of Azov, and in 2008 in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (opposite the eastern mouth of the Danube) [172] . | |||
| Zuban | Dentex dentex Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. In Ukraine, this fish was recorded in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, in particular in the Burnasky marine area (1 specimen, 1957-1961). In 2014, one individual was harvested near Cape Fiolent [173] [174] . | |||
| Red pagel | Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. According to literary data, it was noted near the South Coast of Crimea at the beginning of the XIX century. According to the instructions of some authors, single copies occasionally occur along the coast of the Crimea, as well as in the northwestern part of the Black Sea near Cape Burnas [175] . | |||
| Luskir | Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. Occurs along the entire Black Sea coast, in the Kerch Strait and off the western and northwestern shores of the Sea of Azov. Usually more numerous off the coast of Crimea [176] . | |||
| Ordinary craze | Diplodus puntazzo Cetti , 1777 | Sea fish. Fish is quite rare. It is noted only at the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Karadag) [177] . | |||
| Sarpa | Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. The species was recorded for the first time in 1998 in the Tendrovsky Bay and in 1999 off the coast of the Crimea in Balaklava Bay. To date, the species has reached a relatively high abundance near the southwestern Crimea, and is also noted near the southern coast of the peninsula — the Cape of Martián and the mountains at Ayu-Dag [178] . | |||
| Spikara | Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810 | Sea fish. Genetic studies have confirmed that Spicara flexuosa is a separate species, not a synonym for Spicara maena [179] [180] . It is most often found along the Black Sea coast of Crimea, less often in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (the Danube coast, Sasyk lake, Odessa, Yagorlytsky and Tendrovsky gulf) and in the Kerch Strait. Also known from the Sea of Azov (Cold Beam) [181] . | |||
| Mediterranean smaryda | Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. It is found predominantly in individual specimens along the Black Sea coast of the south-west of Crimea, sometimes from the north-western part of the Black Sea (the Danube coast) [182] . | |||
| Order Dogs (Blenniiformes) | |||||
| Family Threesomes (Tripterygiidae) | |||||
| Blackhead trooper | Tripterygion tripteronotus (Risso, 1810) | Sea bottom coastal fish. Distributed around the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Balaklava, Mshatka ). Rarely [183] . | |||
| Canine Family (Blenniidae) | |||||
| Adriatic Sea Dog | Microlipophrys adriaticus ( Steindachner & Kolombatovic , 1883) | Sea fish. Random view in the waters of Ukraine. Marked only once at the Crimean coast ( Panayotov Bay near Sevastopol, 06.19.1924, 2 copies) [184] . | |||
| Long-fingered sea dog | Parablennius tentacularis ( Brünnich , 1768) | Sea fish. In Ukraine, it is found along almost the entire Black Sea coast, and sometimes on desalinated parts of the sea [185] . | |||
| Green Doggy | Parablennius incognitus ( Bath , 1968) | Sea fish. In Ukraine, the species was first observed in 2002 in the Black Sea near Sevastopol, and already the following year it began to meet en masse in coastal waters on open rocky coastal areas from Sevastopol Bay to Cape Fiolent. By 2013, it spread along the entire southern coast of the Crimea up to Cape Opuk [112] [186] . | |||
| Sea Dog Butterfly | Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. A random species in the waters of Ukraine - marked once in the Black Sea - Sevastopol , 1904 [187] [188] . | |||
| Doggy Zvonimira | Parablennius zvonimiri (Kolombatovic, 1892) | Sea fish. Reported from the Crimean coast (Karkinitsky Bay, Yalta, Karadag, Theodosius), and in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (Snake Island, Odessa Bay, Zylnova Field) [189] . | |||
| Doggy Peacock | Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810) | Sea fish. Not numerous in the Black Sea , it is found only on the rocky shores of Crimea [190] . It transports desalinated water (in the region of Sevastopol it was found in the mouth of the Black River). The view is also known at Snake Island [191] [192] . | |||
| Sphynx Dog | Aidablennius sphynx Valenciennes, 1836 | Sea fish. It occurs mainly along the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Yalta, Karadag, Feodosiya, etc.). Reported in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (areas of Snake Island, Bugaza and Odessa Bay) [193] . | |||
| Common Doggy | Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814) | Sea fish. It is found along almost the entire Black Sea coast from Serpent Island and the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait, sometimes in separate desalinated areas (the lower Danube, Budaksky Liman , etc.). It is more common at the Crimean coast (Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Yalta, Theodosius, etc.) [194] . | |||
| Crested doggy | Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. It is found along the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Yalta, Feodosia, etc.). Noted in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (areas of Snake Island, Zylnova Field , Philofield Field ) [195] . | |||
| Order of the Cavaro (Carangiformes) | |||||
| Family Stavcidae (Carangidae) | |||||
| Common Scad | Trachurus trachurus Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea pelagic fish. In Ukraine, very rarely, in isolated instances, were noted off the coast of the Crimea, as well as in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, in particular, south of the mouth of the Danube [196] . | |||
| Pilot fish | Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea pelagic fish. Makes distant migrations. In Ukraine, it is a random species: the only capture of a single instance in the 1870s in the Black Sea on the roads of Odessa [197] is reliably known. | |||
| Black Sea Scad | Trachurus mediterraneus Aleev , 1956 | Sea pelagic fish. It is found practically along all the shores of the Black Sea, the Kerch Strait and less often in the south-western part of the Azov Sea [198] . | |||
| Acanthuriformes squad | |||||
| Family Humpback (Sciaenidae) | |||||
| Bright umbrina | Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. Occasionally it is found along all the Black Sea shores ( Bugaz , Odessa, Odessa Bay, Yarylgach Bay , Karkinitsky Bay, Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Karadag, Feodosia and further to the Kerch Strait), often off the coast of Crimea. It was noted in the Dnieper-Bug estuary during its temporary salinization (September - October 1955), in the waters of the Black Sea reserve and near the Berdyansk spit in the Sea of Azov [199] . | |||
| Black croaker | Sciaena umbra (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. It occurs predominantly off the coast of Crimea from Evpatoria to Feodosiya, was much less frequently observed in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, in the Kerch Strait and the adjacent parts of the Sea of Azov [200] . | |||
| Surgical Family (Acanthuridae) | |||||
| West African Surgeon | Acanthurus monroviae Steindachner , 1876 | Sea fish. Random view. One copy was caught in 2018 in the area of Balaklava (Black Sea, Crimea) [201] . | |||
| Order Gubanoobraznye (Labriformes) | |||||
| Family Labanae | |||||
| Oiled Greenfinch | Symphodus ocellatus Forsskål , 1775 | Sea fish. It is found along the western and northwestern coasts of the Azov Sea from the Kerch Strait to the Utluk Estuary and Berdyansk Spit and practically along the entire Black Sea coast from the Serpentine and Danube seaside to the Kerch Strait, known from Sasyk Lake [202] . | |||
| Comb wrasse | Ctenolabrus rupestris Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. Occurs singularly at the Black Sea coast of Crimea from Sevastopol to Feodosia. Juveniles were noted west of Karkinitsky Bay. Caviar was found in the same bay, it is also known from the Filoforn field of Zernov, from the regions of Dzharylgach, Tendra, the Odessa and Dniester banks and the Danube coast [203] . | |||
| Greenfinch | Symphodus tinca Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. It occurs predominantly on the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Karadag, Sevastopol, Yevpatoria, Black Sea), in the area of the Dzharylgach island, and is also noted from the northwestern part of the Black Sea, including the Danube coast and Sasyk lake [204] . | |||
| Green-quail quail | Symphodus roissali (Risso, 1810) | Sea fish. In Ukraine, it is more common along the Black Sea coast of Crimea, less frequently in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (known from the Danube coast, from the Volchok, Bournas , Bugaz , Sanzheyka , Chernomorka, Bolshoi Fontan , Odessa and Karkinitsky Bay areas) [205] . | |||
| Greenfin Grouse | Symphodus cinereus Bonnaterre , 1788 | Sea fish. It is found along the entire Black Sea coast from Snake Island and the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait [206] . | |||
| Green wrasse | Labrus viridis Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. It occurs only on the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Balaklava, Karadag, etc.) [207] . | |||
| Nosy Greenfinch | Symphodus rostratus ( Bloch , 1791) | Sea fish. The species was noted only at the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Karadag) [208] . | |||
| Detachment Suction (Gobiesociformes) | |||||
| Family Prisoskovye (Gobiesocidae) | |||||
| Photo of a small sucker | Milkhead sucker | Apletodon dentatus ( Facciola , 1887) | Sea fish. First discovered near the coast of Crimea in 2013. For 2017, the habitat of the species in certain bays and the coastal zone of Sevastopol, as well as off the coast of the Tarkhankut peninsula was reliably established [187] . | ||
| Common Sucker Fish | Lepadogaster lepadogaster (Bonnaterre, 1788) | Sea fish. Rare enough and small fish. Found on the Crimean coast (Sevastopol, Yalta, Karadag, Theodosius, etc.). Also noted in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (Snake Island) [209] . | |||
| Spotty sucker | Diplecogaster bimaculata (Bonnaterre, 1788) | Sea fish. It occurs mainly near the coast of the Crimea (Sevastopol, Karadag, Theodosius, etc.). It was noted in the Kerch Strait and in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (Snake Island, the Danube coast), in Odessa, Yagorlitsky, Tendrovsky, Dzharylgachsky and Karkinitsky bays, near the Zapnoforn Zernov reserve [210] . | |||
| Bbw sucker | Lepadogaster candolii Risso, 1810 | Sea fish. It is found along the Crimean shores (Sevastopol, Karadag, Feodosiya, and others), in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (the region of Snake Island). Caviar is known from the area of the reserve Znafrovorno Field [211] . | |||
| Callionymiformes squad | |||||
| Family of Chiros (Callionymidae) | |||||
| Brown sandstone | Callionymus pusillus Delaroche , 1809 | Sea fish. It occurs mainly near the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Karadag, Sudak, etc.). It was also noted in the northwestern part of the area of Cape Burnas and Bugaz , Odessa Bay [212] . | |||
| Gray sandstone | Callionymus risso Le Sueur , 1814 | Sea fish. It is found along the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Kerch Strait - Karadag) and further west, in particular, was noted at the Zilnova Fillofornoe Field , along the sandy coast along the Dzharylgach Island - Tendra Island and in the Odessa Bay [213] . | |||
| Gobiiformes squad | |||||
| Family Odontobutovye (Odontobutidae) | |||||
| Rotan | Perccottus glenii Dybowski , 1877 | Freshwater fish. Invasive view. It occurs since the late 1970s, when it fell into the reservoirs of western Ukraine together with phytophagous fish. Later he was brought into the basin of the Latoritsa River in Transcarpathia . Then spread by the basin of the Upper Dniester [214] , Prut and Dnieper [215] . In recent years, it has been noted in the lower Danube in the Vilkovo region, and also found in the basin of the Southern Bug, in the Gorny Tikich river [216] . In 2018, it was found in the Khorol river basin in the Poltava region [217] . | |||
| Family Gobies (Gobiidae) | |||||
| Azov small head | Benthophilus magistri Iljin , 1927 | It is known from the Curve of the Spit and the central part of the Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov according to the findings of 1973 [218] . | |||
| Afia | Afia minuta (Risso, 1810) | It is found in marine and brackish waters. It is found in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (Snake Island, the Danube coast, Cape Bournas, Odessa and Tendrovsky Bays, Zylnova Filofornoe Field, etc.), along the coast of the Crimea (Karkinitsky Bay, Sevastopol, Yalta, Karadag) and in the south western part of the Azov Sea (Cape Kazantip) [219] . | |||
| Browner goby | Benthophiloides brauneri Beling & Iljin , 1927 | Sea bottom fish. It is known from estuarial and estuarine sections of rivers in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (Bugsky estuary at Nikolayev, Dniprovskyi estuary and its desalinated areas, Dnieper to Kakhovka and the upper part of the Dnieper reservoir), noted in Odessa and Tendrovsky bays. Two specimens were discovered in July 2007 in the Kazantip Bay [220] of the Sea of Azov off the coast of the Kerch Peninsula [221] . | |||
| Bull calf | Knipowitschia caucasica (Berg, 1916) | Sea bottom fish. It is found in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (mainly in estuaries, particularly in Bugsky, Berezansky, etc.), noted at Cape Burnas and Bugaz, in the Yagorlitsky and Tendrovsky bays, etc .; in the Azov Sea, in particular in the northwestern and northern parts of it ( Genichesk , Sivash). Found in the Dnieper reservoir and in the upper Seversky Donets [222] . | |||
| Bull-calf Buccic | Gobius bucchichi Steindachner , 1870 | Sea fish. In Ukraine, it is known only from the western part of the Black Sea coast of Crimea (area of Cape Tarkhankut, Sevastopol) [223] . | |||
| Bull-goer | Babka gymnotrachelus (Kessler, 1857) | Freshly brackish fish. It lives along all the desalinated coastal areas of the Black Sea from the Danube to the Dnieper and its estuaries, as well as in the basins of the Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug, Dnieper and Seversky Donets, it was noted in Yagorlitsky, Tendrovsky and Karkinitsky gulfs, at Karadag and Kerch. It lives in the Sea of Azov and its estuaries, as well as in the estuarine sections and, partly, in the lower reaches of the rivers of the Northern Azov Sea, is known from some rivers of Crimea [224] . | |||
| Goby-wrasse | Ponticola platyrostris (Pallas, 1814) | Sea bottom fish. It occurs mainly along the southeastern coast of Crimea from Yalta and Karadag to the Kerch Strait, inclusive; it is also noted at Cape Tarkhankut (v. Olenevka). Distribution requires study [225] . | |||
| Zebra goby | Zebrus zebrus (Risso, 1827) | Off the coast of Crimea, it was found in the Sevastopol Bay on mussel collectors installed at the entrance pier, where it has been present since 2009-2013 [112] . In subsequent years, found in Streletskaya and Martynovo bays of Sevastopol. View naturalized in the Crimea. | |||
| Goby Couch | Gobius couchi Miller & El-Tawil , 1974 | Sea fish. In the Black Sea, it was first discovered off the coast of the Crimea in 2016 in two Sevastopol bays - the Cossack and Karantina [226] [227] . | |||
| Kessler's goby | Ponticola kessleri ( Günther , 1861) | Freshly brackish fish. The species was noted only in the northwestern basin of the Black Sea, in the lower reaches of the Danube and in the Danube lakes ( China , Katlabuh , Yalpukh , Cahul , etc.), in the Dniester before the confluence of Zbruch and Bystritsa, in the desalinated parts of the Gulf of Odessa, in Berezanskoye and Dneprovsko -Bugsky estuaries, in the Southern Bug and in some of its tributaries ( Sinyukha ), in the Dnieper, where it spread right up to the Kiev reservoir. In Crimea, it was first discovered in 2007 in the lower reaches of the Alma River. | |||
| Goby whip | Mesogobius batrachocephalus (Pallas, 1814) | Saltwater, partly freshwater fish. It is found along all the shores of the Black Sea from Snake Island and the Danube to the Kerch Strait, as well as in the western and northern parts of the Sea of Azov. It is found in the estuarine and estuarine sections of the Danube, in the Dniester, Berezansky, Dneprovsko-Bugsky and Molochny estuaries, in the Southern Bug and its tributary the Mertvovod River, on the lower reaches of the Dnieper almost to Zaporozhye ( Kakhovskoe , Dnipro reservoirs ). Found near Kiev, and also noted in the lower reaches of the rivers Byrd and Obitochnaya [228] . | |||
| Round goby | Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) | Brackish fish It is found along the entire Black Sea coast (Snake Island and the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait) and the Azov Sea, in all bays, estuaries and coastal lakes, as well as in the estuaries of the rivers of these seas (the Danube and the Danube Lakes, the Dniester, the Southern Bug, the Dnieper, the Dnieper Fitting and others), from where it rises to the middle and upper reaches, enters the tributaries, where it gradually enters the local ichthyofauna (in the Dniester it is noted in the Seret estuary, in the Southern Bug above Vinnitsa and in its tributaries the Deadwater , Sinyukha ; in the Dnieper above Kiev, in the Seversky Donets above Izyum and in its tributaries the rivers Aidar , Derkul , Bolshaya Kamenka ), as well as in the lower reaches of the Crimean rivers (the Black River) [229] . | |||
| Round goby | Gobius cobitis (Pallas, 1814) | Sea fish. It occurs mainly along the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Karadag, etc.). Reported in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (Snake Island) [230] . | |||
| Miller's goby | Millerigobius macrocephalus (Kolombatovic, 1891) | Sea fish. First found in the Black Sea off the Crimean coast (Sevastopol Bay) in April 2009. In the Sevastopol Bay formed an independent local population. Could be entered into the Black Sea on the underwater part of the hulls of vessels overgrown with bivalve mollusks and other hydrobionts, or with ballast waters [231] . | |||
| Paganel goby | Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. It occurs along the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, Karadag), but is not recorded in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (the Danube coast) and was not indicated for the Sea of Azov [232] . | |||
| Gobie sandpiper | Neogobius fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814) | Freshly brackish fish. It lives along all the desalinated coastal areas of the Black Sea from the Danube to the Dnieper and its estuaries, as well as in the basins of the Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug, Dnieper and Seversky Donets, it was noted in Yagorlitsky, Tendrovsky and Karkinitsky gulfs, at Karadag and Kerch. He lives in the Azov Sea and its estuaries, as well as in estuarine sites and, partly, in the lower reaches of the rivers of the North Azov Sea, is known from some rivers of Crimea [233] . | |||
| Rotan goby | Ponticola ratan (Nordmann, 1840) | Brackish fish It is found along the northwestern coast of the Black Sea (Snake Island and from the Gulf of Odessa to the Karkinitsky Bay), the Crimea (from Karadag to Kerch), as well as in the estuaries of Berezansky, Bugsky, marked in the lower reaches of the Southern Bug, the Dnieper estuary, from which in the lower reaches of the Dnieper (in the Kakhovsky reservoir formed a local form) and in the Kerch Strait area, and along the southwestern (Cape Kazantip) and northern (Molochny Liman, Berdyansk Spit) shores of the Sea of Azov [234] . | |||
| Goby goby | Ponticola eurycephalus (Kessler, 1874) | Sea bottom fish. It is found along the Black Sea coast of the northwestern Black Sea from the Danube to the Dnieper, probably to the coast of the Crimea (Karadag), as well as in the Kerch Strait and in the Sea of Azov (Kazantip, Molochny Liman, Berdyansk Spit, etc.). Occasionally enters the freshwater zone. Distribution requires study [235] . | |||
| Bullhead surman | Ponticola cephalargoides ( Pinchuk , 1976) | Brackish fish It dwells along the Black Sea coast from the Danube, Dniester, Odessa (known from Odessa Bay, Dniester banks , Berezansky estuary) to the Kerch Strait inclusive (known from Sevastopol and Karadag), as well as in the south-western part of the Azov Sea (Kazantip Cape) and occasionally noted along the northern coast of the latter ( Berdyansk , Obitochnaya Spit) [236] . | |||
| Grasshopper | Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814) | Sea fish. It is found along the entire Black Sea coast from the mouths of the Danube to the Kerch Strait inclusive (known in the Sasyk and Bournas lakes, in the limans: Budaksky, Khadzhibeysky , Dnestrovsky, Berezansky, Dnieper-Bugsky, etc.; in the bays: Yagorlitsky, Tendrovsky, etc.). , off the coast of Crimea (Karkinitsky Bay, Sevastopol, Karadag, Feodosiya, Kerch, etc.), as well as in the northern and northwestern parts of the Sea of Azov (Molochny Liman, Berdyansk Spit, Obitochny Gulf, Sivash, etc.) [237] . | |||
| Bullhead | Ponticola syrman (Nordmann, 1840) | Brackishwater, partly freshwater fish. Dwells in the coastal zone of the Black Sea in areas with low salinity or with noticeable desalination, mainly in the northwestern part, where it occurs from the Danube to the Tendrovsky Bay , as well as in estuaries (Dniester, Berezansky, Dneprovsko-Bugsky, etc.), near the mouths of the Crimea (Karadag, Kerch, etc.), as well as throughout the Azov Sea, where it is known from both estuaries and lowlands of the rivers [238] , near the coast of the Crimea and the lower reaches of the rivers of the Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug. . | |||
| Goby Steinitsa | Gammogobius steinitzi (Bath, 1971) | In Ukraine, it was first found in 2009–2011 in the study of underwater sea caves of the Tarkhankut peninsula (Crimea, “Maly Atlesh” tract, sea karst caves) in the Black Sea [239] . Bottom marine species that live in the twilight zone on the side vertical surfaces or ceiling vaults of sea caves. It is assumed that it can also inhabit other underwater caves of the Black Sea, which have a similar structure [112] . | |||
| Goby-zutsik | Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814) | Sea fish. It is found in the coastal shallow, of course, desalinated zones of the Black Sea in the region of Sevastopol, from where it was described. Distribution of the form requires special study and clarification [240] . | |||
| Long-tailed bull Knipovich | Knipowitschia longicaudata (Berg, 1916) | Sea pelagic bottom fish of coastal waters. I met in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, particularly in the lower reaches of the Danube and in the Danube reservoirs ( Cahul , etc.), in the Transnistrian coast (Sanzheika), in the Dnieper-Bug estuary, from where I visited the Southern Bug ( Sebino village - Peski village) and in the Dnieper (noted at Kamensky , as well as near Kiev), in the Yagorlitsky, Tendrovsky and Dzharylgachsky bays, in the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov (Kazantip, Genichesk , Molochny Liman , Berdyansk Spit , the mouth of the Obitochnaya River, etc.) [241] . | |||
| Don pogolovka | Benthophilus durrelli Boldyrev et Bogutskaya , 2004 | In Ukraine, the distribution (like morphological features and biology) of the species requires special study. It is assumed that this bull may occur in the Seversky Donets, where earlier, in the 1930s and later, it was noted, perhaps under the name Benthophilus stellatus . In addition, there are 1 specimen from the lower reaches of the Danube and 2 specimens from the Dnieper near Kiev, as well as fish from the Bulgarian section of the Danube for a number of signs similar to fish from the Azov Sea basin [242] . | |||
| Western goofy bull | Proterorhinus semilunaris ( Heckel , 1837) | For some time it was considered as a junior synonym for the bull Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814) , but it was isolated in a separate form based on molecular analysis [243] . Salted freshwater aquatic groundfish. The area captures, at least, the upper and middle reaches of the Seversky Donets, was found in the upper reaches of the Southern Bug tributaries Ingulya and Sugoklei in Kirovograd, as well as in the Kharkiv region in the left tributaries of the Dnieper Merle and Orel , in the Pechenezhsky reservoir , mainly in the upper and Middle Seversky Donets to the very border with the Donetsk region and in the lower reaches of the Oskol [244] . In the Danube from the delta to the mouth of the Morava, the Danube lakes , the Prut to the Iasi . It inhabits the Dniester basin. In the Dnieper River is found up to the river Trubezh [245] . | |||
| Starfish photo | Star Shackle | Benthophilus stellatus ( Sauvage , 1874) | Sea bottom fish. It occurs all along the Black Sea coast of wellhead sections Danube to Kerch strait inclusive (known in lakes Sasyk, Burnas , estuaries Budakskom, Khadzhibey, Dnestrovskom, Berezanskii Dneprovsko-Bug et al., In Yagorlitskom, Tendra and other bays, y Crimean coast ( Karkinitsky Gulf , Sevastopol, Karadag, Theodosia, Kerch, and others), as well as in the northern and northwestern parts of the Azov Sea (Molochny Liman, Berdyansk Spit, Obitochny Gulf, Sivash, etc.) [246] . | ||
| Zebra Chromogobius | Chromogobius zebratus (Kolombatović, 1891) | In Ukraine, it was first recorded in the Black Sea in the underwater karstic cave “Tarzanka” of the Tarkhankut peninsula in the region of Maliy Atlesh in August 2013 [112] [247] . In the Black Sea, it is found in the twilight zone of underwater caves [112] . | |||
| Golden goby | Gobius xanthocephalus Heymer & Zander , 1992 | Sea fish. For the first time in the Black Sea, 6 specimens of this species were caught from Sevastopol in 1967 and were identified as Cabotia schmidti . Later in the literature, the species was referred to under the names Gobius auratus , Gobius strictus , Gobius fallax Sarato, 1889 [248] . In subsequent years, he was listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (1994) under the name Gobius auratus . It is known from the southwestern part of the Black Sea coast of Crimea (Sevastopol, in particular, the Omega and Karantinnaya coves) and the Tarkhankut peninsula. A small grouping of this fish is noted near Sevastopol in the Cossack Bay. Currently, a fairly common, but not numerous, species in the coastal zone of the southwestern Crimea from Cape Tolsty to Cape Fiolent, as well as near Cape Tarkhankut [112] [249] . | |||
| Caspian-Azov bull-zutsik | Proterorhinus nasalis ( De Filippi , 1863) | Sea bottom fish. In Ukraine, it is found in the coastal shallow, desalinated zone of the Azov Sea, in particular, it is known from the Molochny Estuary, the Obitiochny and Berdyansk Spit, indicated for Sivash. The species range in Ukraine needs to be clarified [250] . | |||
| Picture of caspiosome | Caspiosome | Caspiosoma caspium (Kessler, 1877) | Sea bottom fish. Marked in the north-western part of the Black Sea, in particular in the estuarine zones of the Dniester, Dnieper, in the Dniester, Berezansky and Dneprovsko-Bugsky limans, in the Dnieper it rose to New Kakhovka , in the Southern Bug near Nikolaev . Not found in the Azov Sea in Ukrainian waters, although it lives in the mouth of the Don [251] . | ||
| Red Bull Goby | Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789 | Sea fish. First registered in the Black Sea in 2002 near Sevastopol ( Martynov Bay ). To date, the species is distributed along the coast of the south-western Crimea from Balaklava Bay to Cape Thick [112] [252] . | |||
| Leopard lysun | Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) | It is found in marine and brackish waters. It dwells along all the Black Sea shores, in estuaries and coastal salt and brackish lakes, noted at the mouth of the Southern Bug, as well as along almost all shores of the Sea of Azov, in particular, is known from the Molochny Liman and Sivash [253] . | |||
| Lysun Bata | Pomatoschistus bathi (Miller, 1982) | Sea bottom fish. Enters the brackish waters of the estuaries . Marked in the Black Sea off the Crimean coast in 2008 ( Cossack Bay ) and in 2009 ( Streletskaya Bay ) in the region of Sevastopol [254] . In the coastal zone of the Crimea formed a self-reproducing population of this species. Discovered in the bays of Sevastopol and along the southern coast of Crimea from Cape Sarych to Cape Thick from the beginning of the 2000s. To date, a massive view in the bays of Sevastopol, Donuzlav [112] , Tarkhankutskogo peninsula [255] . The species also lives along the southern coast of Crimea (discovered in 2013 in the waters of the Karadag natural reserve ) [256] . | |||
| Small goby bubyr | Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770) | It is found in marine and brackish waters. It dwells along almost all the Black Sea coasts from the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait (excluding the desalinated estuaries of the northwestern part), as well as in some parts of the Sea of Azov [257] . | |||
| Striped trident goby | Tridentiger trigonocephalus ( Gill , 1859) | It is found in fresh, brackish and salt sea waters. It was first found in 2006 in the upper part of the Sevastopol Bay in the estuarine zone of the Black River that flows into it, and in subsequent years it was discovered in other parts of the bay. The most likely reason for the introduction of the species is the introduction, since in 1981 more than 20 specimens of gobies were brought from the Far Eastern Bay Posyet of the Sea of Japan (Russia, Primorsky Krai ) to the Sevastopol Aquarium , but did not meet the exposition requirements and all were released into the Sevastopol Bay, which served as the basis for the formation of a local population [112] . Now this species is noted in various parts of the Sevastopol Bay [258] . | |||
| Black Sea Pugovka | Benthophilus nudus ( Sauvage , 1874) | In Ukraine, in addition to estuaries ( Dniester , Berezansky , Dneprovsko-Bugsky , etc.) of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, it is known from the Tendrovsky Bay and the lakes of the Danube estuary (China, Catlabough , Cahul , etc.). In the rivers, it spread quite far up from the mouths, it was noted in the Dniester to Bender , in the Southern Bug to Aleksandrovka, in the reservoirs of the Dnieper , including Kiev , in the mouth of the Desna , in Ingulz to Snigiryovka. Distribution requires clarification [259] . | |||
| Chernorechensky stupid goby | Proterorhinus tataricus Freyhof & Naseka , 2007 | In Ukraine, it is described from the Black River (Crimea). A bottom fish lived that occurs in various shallow coastal areas of the Black River for about 25 km from the mouth [260] . It prefers places with slow flow or without it, sandy-silt or somewhat silted soil and underwater vegetation [261] . | |||
| Four-Striped Chromogobius | Chromogobius quadrivittatus ( Steindachner , 1863) | In Ukraine, it was first found in 2012 in the study of underwater sea caves of the Tarkhankut peninsula (Crimea) in the Black Sea [262] . In 2015 and 2016, several dozen individuals were found in the Cossack Bay [263] . This species is extremely small in the Black Sea [264] . | |||
| Black bull | Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. It is found from Snake Island and near-mouth sites of the Danube (also known from the Sasyk estuary) to the Tendriv and Dzharylgachsky bays, as well as off the coast of the Crimea (Karkinitsky Bay, Sevastopol, Karadag, Kerch, Kerch Strait), and is also found in the south-western part of the Azov Sea ( Cape Kazantip) [265] . | |||
| Order Mackerelform (Scombriformes) | |||||
| Barracuda Family (Sphyraenidae) | |||||
| Red barracuda | Sphyraena pinguis Günther , 1874 | Sea fish. In the waters of Ukraine - a random view. Known from Balaklava Bay (Black Sea, Crimea), where 2 immature individuals were caught on August 20, 1999. Probably, they could have been brought to the region of Sevastopol along with the ballast waters of a ship [266] . | |||
| Sfirena | Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. The species was noted at the Crimean coast (Balaklava 1905 - 1 individual; Sevastopol 1950 - 1 individual) and in the north-west. parts of the Black Sea (in 1945-1946, it was repeatedly met in the area of Odessa). In 2007, 2 individuals of this fish were caught again in the region of Sevastopol (at the exit from Streletskaya Bay and in Balaklava Bay) [267] . | |||
| Family Mackerel (Scombridae) | |||||
| Atlantic pelamida | Sarda sarda ( Bloch , 1793) | Sea fish. Previously, the species was known along all the Black Sea coasts from the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait, noted in the Sea of Azov. In the past 20-25 years, it is extremely rare [268] . | |||
| Atlantic mackerel | Scomber scombrus (Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. Previously, the species was known along the entire Black Sea coast from the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait, noted in the Sea of Azov. From the end of the 20th century, the species is marked by few flocks in the dodi of the country [269] . | |||
| Common Tuna | Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. In the waters of Ukraine was previously known along the Black Sea coast from Odessa to Feodosia, noted in the Kerch Strait and in the Sea of Azov. The last 35-40 years off the coast of the country is not registered [270] . | |||
| Japanese mackerel | Scomber japonicus ( Houttuyn , 1782) | Sea fish. In the waters of the country it is a random species that is known only from the northwestern part of the Black Sea (1954, the region of Chernomorka village near Odessa, 1 individual) [271] . | |||
| Family Mechrelye (Xiphiidae) | |||||
| Swordfish | Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 | Sea fish. In the waters of the country met very rarely single specimens. Noted in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (near Berezan Island in 1952, 1 individual, near Tendra in 1956, 1 individual), off the western coast of the Crimea (Tarkhankut district in 1951, 1952, 1956) and further to the east (Sevastopol, Alushta , Karadag, Feodosiya), went into the Sea of Azov. According to one egg, this fish was caught near Sevastopol and Karadag. Since the last decade of the 20th century, it has not actually been recorded in the waters of the country [272] . | |||
| Detachment Flatfish (Pleuronectiformes) | |||||
| Family Kalkanovye (Scophthalmidae) | |||||
| Azov Kalkan | Scophthalmus torosa ( Rathke , 1837) | Sea fish. Many researchers consider the rank of the subspecies Scophthalmus maeoticus [273] [274] . It is found in the Sea of Azov: mainly along the western and northern shores (at Obitochnaya , Berdyansk and Belosarayskaya spits) and less often along the eastern shores (at Arabatsky Spit , Kazantip and Achuevskaya Spit ) [275] . | |||
| Smooth diamond | Scophthalmus rhombus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Sea fish. Apparently, a random view in Ukraine, since previously it was noted only off the coast of Crimea ( Feodosiya 1877, 2 individuals; Karadag 1946, 2 individuals) [276] . | |||
| Black Sea Kalkan | Scophthalmus maeoticus (Pallas, 1814) | Sea fish. It is found along the entire Black Sea coast from Snake Island and the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait, inclusive, as well as in the southwestern part of the Azov Sea. It was noted in the mouth areas of the Danube, Dniester and Dnieper and very rarely in the northern part of the Azov Sea [277] . | |||
| Family Diamond (Bothidae) | |||||
| Picture of Kessler's Flounder | Kessler's flounder | Arnoglossus kessleri ( Schmidt , 1915) | Sea fish. It is noted in the Black Sea along the southwestern and southeastern coasts of the Crimea (Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Feodosiya, etc.). The number is small. In some years there are single individuals [278] . | ||
| Family Kambalovye (Pleuronectidae) | |||||
| River Flounder | Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) | It occurs along all the Black Sea coasts from Snake Island and the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait inclusively, including in estuaries, was noted in the lower reaches of the Dniester and the Southern Bug. In the Sea of Azov, it occurs mainly in the northwestern part, in Sivash and some estuaries [279] . | |||
| Family Soleic (Soleidae) | |||||
| European Soleil | Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) | It is found along the entire Black Sea coast from Serpent Island and the Danube coast to the Kerch Strait inclusive, as well as in the adjacent brackish estuaries. Marked in the Dnieper estuary and in front of the mouths of the Danube. In the Sea of Azov, it is known in the northern and northwestern parts, in particular, in the Obitochnaya and Berdyansk Spit, in the Molochny Liman and others [280] . | |||
| Squad of Plowfish (Tetraodontiformes) | |||||
| Family Spin Thorn (Balistidae) | |||||
| Gray triggerfish | Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789 | Sea fish. In Ukraine, this is a random species: in the 1920s, one individual was noted in Streletskaya Bay of Sevastopol and at Balaklava. The female was caught in January 1967 in the Black Sea (Crimea, Sevastopol Bay ) [281] . | |||
| Iglobryukhovye family (Tetraodontidae) | |||||
| Silver puffer | Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) | Sea fish. In Ukraine, this is a random view. In November 2014, two specimens were caught off the coast of the Crimea - one in the Old-North Bay (Sevastopol), the second - at the entrance to the South Bay of Sevastopol near the Grafskaya Wharf [282] [283] . | |||
See also
- List of fish listed in the Red Book of Ukraine
- List of amphibians in Ukraine
- List of reptiles Ukraine
- List of daytime butterflies of Ukraine
- List of dragonflies of Ukraine
Comments
- ↑ Most of the Crimean Peninsula since 2014 has been the object of territorial disputes between Russia , which controls the disputed territory, and Ukraine , within the borders of which the international community has recognized the disputed territory. According to the federal structure of Russia , in the disputed territory of the Crimea, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are located - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal importance Sevastopol . According to the administrative division of Ukraine , in the disputed territory of the Crimea are located the regions of Ukraine - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city with a special status Sevastopol .
- ↑ 1 2 In the monograph Movchan (2011), the author identifies this species, considered by most researchers to be synonymous with Atherina boyeri , on the basis of a number of features (features of morphology, coloring, biology).
- ↑ 1 2 Subspecies Atherina boyeri pontica Risso, 1810 considers a number of researchers as an independent species [120]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Movchan, 2011 .
- ↑ Boltachev, 2017 , p. five.
- ↑ Movchan, 2005 , p. 70–82.
- Davydov, Kurovskaya, Lysenko, Neborachek, 2011 , p. 3–12.
- ↑ Nelson, Grande, Wilson, 2016 .
- ↑ Chervona book Ukraine, 2009 , p. 151.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 27-28.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 29.
- ↑ Gubanov, Kondyurin, Myagkov, 1986 , p. 177-178.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. thirty.
- ↑ Vasilyeva, 2007 , p. 20-21.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 31.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 33.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 38
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 40
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 37.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 39
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 36
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 35
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 41
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 42
- ↑ 1 2 Movchan, 2011 , p. 44.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 316.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 80
- ↑ 1 2 Movchan, 2011 , p. 100.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 92
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 113.
- ↑ 1 2 Movchan, 2011 , p. 116.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 124.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 62.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 75
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 73.
- ↑ 1 2 Movchan, 2011 , p. 68
- ↑ 1 2 Movchan, 2011 , p. 60
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 89
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 119.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 106
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 114
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 107.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 111.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 127.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 63.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 59.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 94.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 126.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 105
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 129.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 71
- ↑ 1 2 Movchan, 2011 , p. 76.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 79.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 109.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 123.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 70
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 90.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 132.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 88
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 66
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 85.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 99
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 103
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 72.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 118.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 84
- ↑ Dolinsky, Afanasyev, Savchenko, Abramyuk, 2012 , p. 18.
- ↑ Fish of the waters of Ukraine - Pannon roach ( Rutilus virgo (Heckel, 1852)) . The appeal date is February 3, 2019.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 110.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 97.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 121.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 86
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 130.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 93.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 77.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 122.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 98
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 81.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 125
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 64.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 134.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 135.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 136.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 142
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 144
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 145.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 141.
- ↑ Janko, Flajšhans, Choleva, Bohlen, Šlechtová, Rábová, 2007 , p. 387–408.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 140.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 139.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 46.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 143.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 148.
- ↑ Kutsokon, Kvach, Dyky, Dzyziuk, 2018 , p. 319–324.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 151.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 149.
- ↑ Nowak, Košèo, Szczerbik, Mierzwa, Popek, 2010 .
- ↑ 1 2 Movchan, 2011 , p. 152.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 161.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 162.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 156.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 157.
- ↑ Kurinenko, Mruk, Kolos, 2016 , p. 43-56.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 160
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 158.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 155.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 164.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 165.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 170
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 167.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 171.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 168.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 172.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 173.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Boltachev, Karpova I, 2014 , p. 2-25.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 177.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 180.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 175
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 183.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 179.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 181.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 185.
- ↑ Boltachev, 2017 , p. 86-88.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Movchan, 2011 , p. 186.
- ↑ Boltachev, 2017 , p. 86-87.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 188.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 190.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 191.
- ↑ Kutsokon, Nekrasova, Shkamerda, Loparev, 2012 , p. 94–95.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 192.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 199.
- ↑ 1 2 Movchan, 2011 , p. 205.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 202.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 197.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 200
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 201
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 204.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 207.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 194.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 195.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 273.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 274.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 276.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 208.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 210.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 213.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 212.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 214.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 215.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 217.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 218.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 219.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 232.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 223.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 237.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 233.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 234.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 229.
- ↑ Roman, Afanasyev, Tkachenko, 2017 , p. 40-49.
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 241.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 258.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 257.
- ↑ On the coast of the Crimea for the first time they caught a fish-surgeon . News of Crimea (09/19/2018). The appeal date is March 3, 2019.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 269.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 272.
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- ↑ Manilo, 2011 , p. 92-99.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 301.
- ↑ Boltachev, 2017 , p. 219.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 338.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 307.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 327.
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- ↑ Boltachev, 2017 , p. 230.
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 322.
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 312.
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 331.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 318.
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 333
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 342.
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 340.
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 330.
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 303.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 300
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- ↑ Boltachev, 2017 , p. 222.
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- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 328.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 345.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 344.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 348.
- ↑ Movchan, 2011 , p. 349.
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- ↑ Boltachev, 2017 , p. 304.
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