Alexander Sutherland ( English A. Sutherland ; c. 1700 - 1760) - shipbuilder , since 1736 in the Russian service, ship and stone foreman of the colonel rank [1] [2] .
| Alexander Sutherland | |
|---|---|
| Alexander Sutherland (Sutherland) | |
| Birth name | English A. sutherland |
| Date of Birth | |
| Date of death | July 27, 1760 |
| A place of death | St. Petersburg |
| Citizenship |  Netherlands →  Russian empire |
| Occupation | shipbuilder |
Biography
Alexander Sutherland (Sutherland) was born around 1700, a native of Holland . In 1736, in the captain’s rank, he was accepted into the Russian service as a ship and stone foreman. November 3, 1737 his brother John also entered the Russian service ship apprentice in the rank of land lieutenant [3] .
Since 1739 A. Sutherland worked at the Solombala shipyard in Arkhangelsk . In the same year he laid down his first ship in Russia - the 32-gun frigate "Mercury", which launched in 1740. April 15, 1741 was granted a major rank. On August 11, 1741, the 66-gun sailing battleship of the 3rd rank “ Lesnoye ” was laid down, which was launched on May 16, 1743 [4] .
He returned to St. Petersburg, where in May 1743 at the Admiralty Shipyard he laid down the 66-gun battleship Holy Great Martyr Barbara , which he launched on June 6, 1745.
On April 27, 1748, the 54-gun battleship Varahail was launched at the Solombala Shipyard, which was launched on May 15, 1749. On June 7, 1749, “Varahail” with a crew of 349 men under the command of Captain MP Spanberg [5] left St. Petersburg for escort to St. Petersburg and with the help of four boats approached the bar of the mouth of the Northern Dvina. Due to the strong headwind and tidal wave, it was anchored off the island of Golec. The drift that began began to deploy the ship “ against the wind and the current ”, after which the “Varahail” unexpectedly lay down on the starboard side and sank. The crash killed 1 midshipman and 27 sailors [6] . The investigation accused the commander of violating the rules of loading the ship, which led, possibly, to the loss of stability. An experienced sailor and researcher, a member of the Kamchatka expeditions of V. Bering, M.P. Spanberg was arrested, but by the highest decree of December 15, 1752, the commander and all his subordinates were acquitted and released from court. The investigation did not establish the cause of the disaster. There were no claims against the ship builder Alexander Sutherland. Together with Captain Aprelev and the keeper over the harbor in the Arkhangelsk port, I. M. Sukhotin was sent to scout about whether it is possible to save the sunken ship.
At the Solombala shipyard in 1749-1752, the shipbuilder A. Sutherland built three 66-gun battleships “Moscow” (laid down on August 24, 1749, launched on April 19, 1750), “ Ingermanland ” (laid down on June 4, 1751, launched water on April 30, 1752), Natalia (laid on April 15, 1753, launched on April 26, 1754). The last two ships participated in the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763 [4] . At the same shipyard the frigates "Archangel Michael", "Wachtmaster" and "St. Michael" built.
September 8, 1751 was granted the rank of colonel [1] . June 2, 1753 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty 80-gun battleship "St. Paul" (launched on July 10, 1755). On April 26, 1755, in the same admiralty, he laid down the 66-gun battleship Astrakhan, which launched on May 12, 1756. Ships participated in the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763. April 11, 1756 laid the foundation for the 100-gun battleship Saint Andrew the Rostov, and on August 1, 1756 began the construction of the 80-gun battleship Saint Andrew the First-Called [4] .
In 1757 he was again sent to the Solombala shipyard, where on April 29, together with the ship foreman I.V. Yames, he laid down a 66-gun unnamed ship, which was launched on May 20, 1758. On September 19, the ship hit the Skagen Reef ( Norway ), got holes, broke, and was wrecked. In May 1758, Sutherland returned to St. Petersburg, where he participated in the launching and completion of the battleships "St. Dmitry of Rostov" and "St. Andrew the First-Called".
December 16, 1758 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty laid the 80-gun battleship Saint Catherine (launched May 6, 1762 after the death of the shipbuilder) [7] .
In January 1760, he was appointed present in the Ober-Sarvaer office, due to illness of the Ober-Sarvaer and Sarvaer .
Alexander Sutherland died on July 27, 1760 in St. Petersburg.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Veselago F.F. General Marine List. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of V. Demakov, 1885. - T. II. - S. 418-419. - 528 s.
- ↑ Sutherland, Alexander // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- ↑ Sutherland, John // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Battleships of the Baltic Fleet.
- ↑ Spanberg, Martyn Petrovich .
- ↑ Battleships before 1850: type Peter II .
- ↑ Ship "St. Catherine"
Literature
- Bykhovsky I.A. Petrovsky shipbuilders. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1982. - 100 p.
- Dotsenko V.D. The history of naval art. (Edited by V. Kuroedov). - M: Eksmo, 2003. - T. 1: Galleys, sailboats, armadillos. - 832 s. - ISBN 5-699-04856-1 ~ 93.11.28 046.
- Chernyshev A. A. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1997 .-- T. 1. - 312 p. - (Ships and ships of the Russian fleet). - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01788-3 .
- Shirokorad A. B. 200 years of the sailing fleet of Russia / Ed. A. B. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed. - M .: Veche, 2007. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-1517-3 .